Hajj & Umrah Handbook (2008) - Book 3 of 5: Performing the Hajj & Umrah

Disclaimer: This compilation is based on the experiences, opinions and limitedknowledge of the editors and contributors. Please refer to your Ustaz/ah as yougo through this handbook.

BOOK 3 of 5: PERFORMING THE HAJJ/’UMRAH

Compiled and Edited byAsma Abdullah Ph.D and Azian Ali

October 2007

InsyaAllah this free handbook is updated yearly, so please e-mailyour suggestions/contributions [email protected] or [email protected]

Hajj/’Umrah Handbook 2008 Book 3 of 5: PERFORMING THE HAJJ/’UMRAH

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Part 1: Spiritual Challenge 31.1 Be Grateful 31.2 Practise Humility 31.3 Surrender to Allah 5

Part 2: Mental Challenge 72.1 Positive Mental Attitude 72.2 Think Before Speaking 7

Part 3: Physical Challenge 93.1 Purity and Cleanliness 93.2 Play It Safe 103.3 Take Care of Our Health 15

Part 4: Social Challenge 174.1 Give Without Expecting 174.2 Be Compassionate 184.3 Be Helpful 204.4 Caring For The Elderly 204.5 Caring For Those Who Need Wheelchairs 224.6 Avoid Non Mahram Interaction 24

Part 5: The Locality 26

Part 6: Locations Pertaining to Hajj/’Umrah 296.1 The Masjidil Haram 296.2 Arafah 426.3 Muzdalifah 486.4 Mina 49

Appendices1. Brief Words of Advice 532. Virtues of Makkah 543. The Blessings of al-Masjid al-Haraam 584. Women in Islamic Society: Rules to Observe in Mosques 645. Do’s and Don’ts In HAJJ 67 6. Fifty Things To Do @ HAJJ 747. A Woman’s Guide to HAJJ 778. Tawaf Is A Cosmic Law 1069. Supplications at Mina, Arafah, Muzdalifah 10810. Zam Zam 115


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And spend in the Cause of Allah (i.e. Jihad of all kinds) and donot throw yourselves into destruction (by not spending yourwealth in the Cause of Allah) and do good. Truly, Allah loves theAl-Muhsinun (the good-doers). (Al Baqarah: 195)

And perform properly (i.e. all the ceremonies according to the

ways of Prophet Muhammad ), the Hajj and ‘Umrah (i.e. thepilgrimage to Makkah) for Allah…And fear Allah much and knowthat Allah is Severe in punishment. (Al Baqarah: 196)

…And take a provision (with you) for the journey, but the bestprovision is At-Taqwa (piety, righteousness). So fear Me, O menof understanding. (Al Baqarah: 197)

…Then when you leave ‘Arafat, remember Allah (by glorifyingHis Praises, i.e. prayers and invocations) at the Mash’ar-il-Haram… (Al Baqarah: 198)

Then depart from the place whence all the people depart and askAllah for His Forgiveness. Truly, Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most-Merciful. (Al Baqarah: 199)

The journey is about to start and you may have 20 to 50 days aheadof you to be spiritually, mentally, physically, and socially challenged.The following reminders may help you plan ahead.


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PART 1: SPIRITUAL CHALLENGE

1.1 Be grateful to Allah always, for whatever Hebestows upon us.

• Upon arrival in Jeddah, Medinah, Makkah, give thanks to

Allah for choosing you as His guest. Remember thatonly the fortunate are invited to visit Baitullah (Allah'sHouse),

• Preoccupy ourselves with the remembrance of Allah ,

the recitation of Qur'an, and imploring Allah to shower

His blessing on Prophet Muhammad .

1.2 Practise humility and remember that we are all

slaves of Allah

• Be alert of solat times and perform solat as soon as it is due,even on a moving vehicle if need be.

“I arrived at Medinah airport a few minutes before Subuh.After immigration clearance, I went to the restroom andperformed wudhu’. There was no surau available and wewere hurriedly chased to our buses. My bus was the first toleave for our hotel. As we moved on, Subuh was coming toan end. So we decided to solat in the bus. Luckily we didbecause we only arrived at our hotel after Subuh. It seems


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that many pilgrims missed their Subuh and had to qadha’that day. After chatting with pilgrims who had arrived daysearlier, they had the same experience too.

• Seek Allah ’s permission always.

“Acknowledge that this world is His Creation, more so suchproof will be clear in Makkah and Medinah - Remember toalways say “InsyaAllah” “By Permission of Allah”.

• Acknowledge our inadequacy and ask Allah forANYTHING.

“At Masjidil Haram after ‘Asr one day, I asked Allah to leadme to the best place for me and found myself wanderingtowards Hijir Ismail even though I had no intention to visit theplace.”

“I was with my parents and was afraid that I would do thingsto displease them so I asked Allah to make me behave so asto please Him and my parents. I was then moved to buy abook, “Kindness to Parents” which was a helpful guide.”

“I felt irritated when people kept bumping their bags orbodies against my head so I asked Allah to enable me torespond in a way that pleases Him. Later when the samething happened I didn’t even feel any irritation. Amazing!”

“If it gets to be too much to think of what to ask Allah foreven in Malay, you could recite Al Fatihah or any simple ayat– this is to help us to feel tawadhu’ and focused on the taskat hand. It’s alright not to read any supplication, but yourmind may wander.”

• Acknowledge our mistakes quickly and istighfar immediately.


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It takes more effort to watch our heart than our mouth. If abad intention or feeling surfaced in our heart, then quicklyistighfar. If you can, perform solat taubat there and then.

• We need to see ourselves as not being better than others

“At Masjid Nabawi, I saw women carrying their footwear intothe masjid and silently wondered why they couldn't have leftthem outside as I did. After solat, would you believe Iactually forgot where I left my slippers (and I had alwaysremembered before this) -- after some moments of franticsearching, I realised my mistake and istighfar and beggedAllah to let me find my slippers. Allah being the MostMerciful then let me find them.”

• Ladies who are with their husbands, be sure to obey and

please your husband as commanded by Allah .

“I remember my friend told me she bought a necklace inMakkah and didn't tell her husband, maybe because hedidn't approve of her spending. When she got home, thewhole necklace had disintegrated into bits but theother things were OK.”

1.3 Surrender to Allah

• Do your best, and then leave it to Allah (tawakkal).

“Before doing something, practise saying 'BismIllahalhamdulIllah amantubIllah tawakkaltu’alAllah' ... and in yourheart make the intent to leave all affairs to Allah. This canbe very helpful to prevent the notorious loss of slippers at themasjids. Another practice is to say with strong faith“insyaAllah it/they will be safe.”


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“One of the people in my party left the footwear at the shoerack in Masjidil Haram and forgot to say "InsyaAllah safe" aswas done before. The slippers couldn't be foundafterwards.”

• Be patient. You may be required to wait for the bus, people,elevator, etc. Carry a folding chair (SR15) if you cannotstand for long periods. Always have reading material withyou to occupy your time or a tasbeeh to remind you to dodhikrullah. Never complain.

• Be patient while in transit. A bus ride from Makkah toMedinah & vice versa usually takes about 6 hours, butduring Hajj season, the journey may take up to 8 hours oreven more.

"I remember having to wait on the bus at Kelana Jaya, thenwaiting at Jeddah airport, then waiting again on the bus to goto Makkah, then waiting again on the bus to go to Arafah.There were so many instances when I had to wait patientlyand I kept reminding myself to not utter a word...."

" The ‘Umrah/ Hajj challenge begins the minute one setshis/her mind to perform this ibadah, therefore things may notgo as planned. Otherwise the journey begins from the hometo KLIA (‘Umrah) or to Tabung Hajj (Hajj).”

“Go to your rooms first to freshen up. Do not be too eager toproceed to the masjid but prepare yourselves - body, mindand soul for the upcoming ibadat. Rest.”


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PART 2: MENTAL CHALLENGE

2.1 Have A Positive Mental Attitude

• Remember that in Makkah, we are His guests, so beMINDFUL and RESPECTFUL of the Divine Host at ALLtimes. In Makkah, unlike other places, even the mereTHOUGHT of committing a sin is a sin.

• Choose to view everything from a positive perspective. Lookfor the goodness in anything and do not dwell on thebadness, even dirty toilets or anything strange. Keep yourthoughts and speech POSITIVE. What ever you expect orsay tends to be fulfilled in Medinah or Makkah, be they goodor bad.

“I took the opportunity to check on myself and my deedsevery time something ‘bad’ happens, eg. not being able tosolat in the masjid, being too tired to solat, any form ofillness.”

“I had to walk through some rubbish and decayed food andkept muttering in my heart “suci & selamat” (clean & safe).”

2.2 Think Before Speaking

• Watch what you’re about to say. If it’s not positive or doesn’tsolve problems, then don’t say it. If you have blurted it out,then quickly istighfar. If you can, perform solat taubat thereand then.

“When my friend complained of the heat, she felt hot thewhole trip but her friends didn't.”


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“In Makkah, I was upset with someone and blurted a remarkin public that could have caused this person embarrassment.That was just before ‘Isya’ & tarawih. Serves me right and Ididn't get to solat in Masjidil Haram. I stopped short ofentering the Masjid and joined others outside. My husbandtold me later there was plenty of space inside. SOB!!!”

• We need to control our tongues from backbiting and slander

“Please, please, avoid gossiping. Sometimes, we seesomething which is not very nice happening inside ourjema’ah. We are not supposed to gossip; we are supposedto stop such things [either by hand, words or in the heart, thelast being the lowest degree]. You are not Scully andMulder, you are a servant. There is no need to drawconclusions and say to people: “Such and such a thinghappened to such a person because he did such and such athing” when a calamity happens to a person.”


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PART 3: PHYSICAL CHALLENGE

We should keep in mind that this journey of pilgrimage is inobedience for Allah, that we need to leave behind comfort, luxury andpleasure. InsyaAllah our reward will be in proportion to our enduranceof Hajj rites and restrictions. Truly, Hajj is an opportunity to changeour entire lifestyle.

This is when we need to adapt ourselves to sleep anywhere and eatanything. This is when we need to be ready to sleep on the ground orthin mattress. This is when we need to be able to suffer stifling heator chilling cold.

We need to withstand a disruption in our comfortable routine. Thetime of our daily meals may change – we might eat earlier or laterthan what we are accustomed to. We might find our favourite cuppaand we might not. We might find someone to help and serve us or wemight have to do everything ourselves.

Expect the worst and refrain from complaining or using obscenelanguage. Those who slip up may return home worse than they werebefore…

3.1 Maintain a state of purity and cleanliness

• Preferably, always be with wudhu’.

“We were surprised to be brought to Masjid Quba' for solatSubuh by the bus driver, before reaching Medinah fromMakkah. On the way we had stopped at a rest area and Ihad taken my ablution there. InsyaAllah, pahala ‘‘Umrah willbe given to those who perform solat at masjid Quba' withwudhu’ taken from home.”

• Know how to perform wudhu’ on the plane without upsettinganyone.


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“What I usually do is use a spray bottle to avoid drips. ThenI perform wudhu’ using just enough water to cover all theparts of the body which are wajib, i.e. face, hands till elbow,at least 3 strands of hair (Shafiee) and both feet (placeshoes/sandals beneath the feet to catch the drips if any.This way, you hardly wet the floor, insyaAllah.”

"I use a paper cup to collect water first instead of fumblingwith the tricky water faucets – that way I could mix the hotand cold water for nice water temperature. For the feet, Irinse over the toilet bowl so my shoes don’t get wet.”

• Always bring a full length solat mat, whether you solat insideor outside the Masjid. The ladies section MAY becontaminated with babies’ fluids or others’ incontinence, so itis advisable to have your sejadah over the carpet or floor.

• Even if we can maintain cleanliness, however, we still needto be prepared to use public washrooms that may not meetour standard of hygiene.

• Pick up after ourselves and not leave rubbish behind us.

“I noticed that the many pigeons kept the masjid clean byconfining their droppings on the clock tower. Yet, after iftar,the area surrounding the masjid is full of litter. If birds can dothis, we humans too can take the trouble to keep the masjidclean.”

3.2 Play it Safe

Important Phone numbers during Hajj In Saudi Arabia:(please refer to your travel agent for the most updated info)

Ajyaad Hospital - Makkah 025730070Arafaat Hospital 025521716Heera General Hospital - Makkah 025203535


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Jabal-ur-Rahmah Hospital 025280063Meena Hospital 025520468Meena Al-Waadi Hospital 025572886

Meena New Road Hospital 025584039Nimrah Hospital - Meena 025561864Noor Speciality Hospital - Makkah 025665000

Traffic Police 996Red Crescent service 997Fire services 998Patroling 999

Identification

• Wear your ID tag/bracelet AT ALL TIMES AND ENSURETHE SAME FOR THE ELDERLY AND CHILDRENESPECIALLY. Carry in the ID tag or your wallet/pocket thenames of the travel agents’ contact persons and theirtelephone numbers as well as the hotel business card.

Valuables

• Keep most of the cash in the hotel safe or somewhere safe(eg. A locked bag in your hotel room). If you must carryvaluables with you, then hide it on your person rather thankeep it in your sling bag. Carry small change for sadaqahand/or shopping in your zippered pockets. Identify theamount for sadaqah and have the cash readily available sothat you won’t fumble while a crowd of the needy gatheraround you. Do not open your wallet or purse in public.

“Keep just a bit of money in your pockets and sling bag.Keep most of the money (e.g. for shopping) in your pantspockets and wear a jubah over the pants. Or you can use aneck pouch (please see next bullet point.)

Thieves can be quite nasty. I was hit by one of them (femalepickpocket) when I prised her fingers away from my


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husband's arm. (he was holding some money in his handand she was trying to get it). If they do get your money,shout at the top of your voice. Any language will do. Makkahand Medinah are multilingual cities and people will help youto nab the thief.”

“Be careful of men, possibly in ihram, who approach you andask “do you speak English?” They come up with a sob storyand ask for money. The first time I was approached, I hadonly a few riyals. He grabbed it from my hand and seemedupset that I had so little to give.”

“I just want to warn others to be very careful with theirwallets/purses/handbags. l was "attacked" by 2 ladies, oneasking for sadaqah pulling my right arm while the other wasquietly pulling my handbag on the left under my “telekong”.Fortunately l was alert as another friend from my samegroup was robbed earlier and warned us. It seems there is asyndicate now.”

“…Instead I looked for the little boys and girls who weremade to sit in the hot sun begging for alms. I know this is asyndicate too but I feel pity for those little ones.”

“AlhamdulIllah I found a neat way to keep cash and creditcards safely and within easy reach. I use a flat double sidedcard holder. On one side I place my credit/charge cards, myi/c and a few pieces of high value denominations. On theother side I keep neatly folded cash, organized bydenominations. I then slip this rather flat piece inside thearm glove on my left hand. It is hidden from view because ofthe long sleeves. I did, however, constantly remind myselfthat I still needed to ask Allah to keep my valuables safe.”

• For the times when you need to carry important documentsand large amounts of cash on you, use a t-shirt with azippered chest pocket or a pouch that you can hang around


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your neck, under your clothes. (The neck pouch is usuallyavailable at the travel section of pharmacies and departmentstores.) This, however, is no guarantee of security – alwaysmake supplication to Allah and then tawakkal.

• Always be alert and keep up the supplications for protectionregularly

"Not everyone who is there has good intentions. A lady in mygroup lost SR1600 in the Prophet's masjid. Her robe was cutwith a sharp razor."

“During tawaf, I felt someone opening my backpack zipperas well as the zipper of another bag I was carrying under myarms. The thief managed to get away with a pouchcontaining cash.”

• Forget about retrieving anything you have dropped when in acrowd. It may be better to lose the item than to bear the riskof being trampled if you stop or bend down.

• Always have your telekong and important documents handyand near you even in your room when you sleep.

"I always thought that once you get to your room, you justlock your room door and that's it, you're safe. Until my recent‘Umrah trip in September, when someone knocked on myroom door at 1 a.m. while I was sleeping; telling me to getout. I got another shock when I took a peek outside and sawa fireman and the corridor was already full of smoke! If I hadbeen alone I could have panicked, but I had to take care ofmy mother, so I had to keep my cool. I got hold of mytelekong, put on my mother’s telekong, and then had to leadmy mother down the staircase from the 4th floor. When I gotdown, I saw some women who only had a small towel ontheir head. Some had not covered their heads probablybecause they panicked and simply ran for their lives.”


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• When taking ablution, keep your watch, spectacles,sunglasses, etc. on your person, whether in your pockets ora waistpouch/backpack/slingbag. Do not leave anything“lying around.”

Females

• Ladies need to be constantly alert in protecting their aurat.

• Recite the Talbiyah quietly so as not to attract attentionof non-mahrams.

• When applying wudhu, be careful to avoid uncoveringany part of your body, especially within sight of non-mahrams.

• When performing tahallul, do not expose your hair asyou cut it.

• Check your posture when you are resting in a publicplace. Be sure not to lie down in a supine position orassume other provocative positions. If you need tosleep, do so in your room or in your tent.

• Keep among the ladies and away from non-mahrams.

• Ladies who are “uzur”, DO NOT stay in the room alone byyourself during solat times. Sit in the hotel lobby or a publicarea, in public view.

• Always have your male mahram travel with you -- be the lastto enter a vehicle and the first to exit.

“I went for Hajj with my mother and aunty. Most importantthing is, just make sure you always stay in a big group.”


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• Avoid going into those narrow shops or narrow alleys alonebecause there have been cases of kidnapping there. Besuspicious of parked vehicles. Remember, we are there ondifferent turf.

“I have always been independent but when I was there,walking in a crowded street alone, I could still sense ‘eyes’following me.”

• Have a friend with you when you go shopping; do not be byyourself in a shop with a male shop attendant. There aremen who tend to get cheap thrills touching your hand orbody “accidentally”, SO be careful. You may want to wear aniqob and cover your face (when not in ihram) to reduce theattractiveness factor.

• Stay calm, istighfar when there are men who are tempted tohug you during saie or pinch bottoms during tawaf, etc., AskAllah for protection and forgive the offender. Take care if youare bringing pretty teenage girls.

• Advise your spouse/parent/sibling not to enter the quartersof the opposite gender. If possible, they should remain at themain door and ask someone to call you. It would be difficultto watch one’s 'aurat’ when one is resting or sleeping. If youneed to have any discussion, have it outside of the quarters.

Children

• Never carry children on your shoulders in crowded places,esp. during Tawaf or Saie. Should the child fall, it might betragic.

“An Iranian 2 year old was trampled to death during Tawaf inRamadhan 2002. “


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3.3 Take care of our health

• Always take a shower (depending on availability ofwashroom and water), blow your nose and clear any phlegmafter performing tawaf or being in a crowded place.InsyaAllah you will flush out germs and virus.

• If your skin is prone to dryness, do not use soap. Thisdries up your skin and may cause chaps and broken skinwhich can be infected.

• Do, however, conserve water -- WE ARE IN A DESERT

“When you need to do washing, use as little water aspossible. Unlike in Malaysia, water in Saudi Arabia isdelivered by trucks daily into the building tanks. If youwaste, you might find you don't have any for purifyingyourself later. You might want to store some in bottles justin case.

Another point to note, especially in Arafah and Mina –– donot waste water. If you do not have to bathe in Arafah,please do not. When taking ablution, use a spray bottle ora cup to reduce the amount of water consumed. In Mina,shorten your bath and conserve water.”

• Sleep when it is time to rest as you need the energy to doyour ibadah. This also helps you to be alert. Don’t overdoanything.

• At the first sign of illness, drink zam zam & supplicate, takehabbatussauda oil with honey, take extra doses of VitaminC, etc. Drink plenty of water.

• For breastfeeding mothers, carry around a paper/plastic cupso that you may express the milk undercover and keep upthe supply. You need to quickly discard the milk at thenearest sink/drain. One of the contributors was able tocontinue feeding her child after being away for 10 days.


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PART 4: SOCIAL CHALLENGE

We need to put ourselves at the service of others. This is when weneed to challenge ourselves to show the utmost selflessness, self-denial, and human compassion. This is when we need to think aboutothers and sacrifice some of our needs for their sake. This is whenwe need to preoccupy ourselves with worship and good deeds whichbenefit others.

Note that if you are performing Hajj, then insyaAllah you will bespending the first 10 days of Dhulhijjah in Makkah. Righteous deedsduring this period are far better and more rewarding than those doneon other days.

1249. Narrated Ibn 'Abbas (R) Allah's Messenger said, "Thereare no days during which the righteous action is so pleasing to Allahas righteous action done during these days (i.e., the first ten days ofDhulhijjah)." He was asked: "O Allah's Messenger, not even Jihad inthe Cause of Allah?" He replied, "Not even Jihad in the Cause ofAllah, except in case one goes forth with his life and his property anddoes not return with either of it." [Al-Bukhari]

4.1 Give Without Expecting Anything From Anyone

Other Than Allah

• Take this opportunity to perform sadaqah of various kinds:

o donate money to smaller masjids, madrasahs,students, the poor, orphans;

o feed those fasting during Ramadhan, Thursdays,Mondays, 13th-15th days of the hijri month, etc.;

o waqaf Qur’an and/or Qur’an translations in themasjids.


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“For those who plan to ‘waqaf’ Al-Qur’an in the Masjids,please get the seller to stamp on the Al-Qur’an the wordWaqaf. Otherwise, it may be taken out of the Masjid. Irealised that most jema’ah are not aware of the above whenI attended the "Reunion" last Saturday at LUTH, KelanaJaya.”

“Get ready with Saudi Riyals for sadaqah every time aftersolat. If you don’t favour the panhandlers who line thestreets, you can sadaqah to organizations (in the boxesprovided, also on the streets). Or to the Ustaz teachinghafazan groups in the masjid...they usually are around in themornings when you go for your solat dhuha.”

4.2 Be compassionate, empathetic and courteous

• Talk only when necessary. Before we open your mouth, askourselves "Would it matter if I do not say what I am going tosay?" If the answer is no, then it’s better to keep quiet. Donot boast, gossip, argue, lie, etc.

• Ask Allah's Forgiveness not only for ourselves, family andfriends but also for the ummah. We need to let go of grudgesagainst others. Supplicate for others.

Abud-Darda' (May Allah be pleased with him) reported:

I heard the Messenger of Allah saying, "Whenever a Muslim supplicates for his (Muslim) brother inhis absence, the angels say: `May the same be for you too'.''[Muslim].

• Be alert against the mischief of Satan, who likes to causedisputes among us. When we travel in groups and have dailycontact with each other, we expose our hidden self. So weneed to learn to love each other as brothers and sisters in


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Islam. Rasulullah (saw) said, None of you has trulybelieved unless he likes for his brother what he likes forhimself.

• Think well (husnu zan/baik sangka) of others

“If I don't empathise with others, I will be made to. Severalweeks or months ago my eldest son had a few mouth ulcersand complained he had difficulty eating. At that time, Ithought he was "playing it up." So for the first time in years(as far as I can recall), I developed a mouth ulcer in Medinahand found out for myself how DIFFICULT it was to eat. Irealised then the reason for my ulcer and apologised to myson.”

• Please note that the entrances to the Masjid andpassageways are for traffic and should not be blocked bypeople praying there, even if it is to join the congregationalprayer that is in progress. You may find the guards chasingyou away from such places at both Masjids in Makkah &Medinah. When there is overcrowding, however, people doget to pray at these places just before the start of thecongregational prayers. As soon as the prayers are over, dohasten to clear the way for traffic.

• Be careful not to harm others in order to perform a sunnah(eg. Kissing the Black Stone, performing solat behindMaqam Ibrahim). It is haram (prohibited) to harm a believer.

• Recite the Qur'an or do dhikrullah without disturbing others.Loud recitation can cause others to lose concentration.

• Remember that for women, it is better to solat in the last safand BEHIND the men. When crowds are large, it can getchaotic and some women may want to push their waythrough to solat in the front. What can happen is the spacearound the Masjid gets taken up and men do end up


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performing solat behind the women. This can be a little“challenging” to the men.

• On Fridays, the Masjids tend to be packed because the localmen also solat there. This particular solat is not compulsoryfor women, so if it is too crowded, do not add to thecongestion. Ladies can solat dhuhr in the hotel room.

4.3 Be helpful to others

• Share the space for solat. “Provide a place for others andothers will provide a place for you...especially in the Masjid.Oh yes, extend your silaturrahim..I am blessed with aNigerian and a Pakistani sister and an old Indian lady namedShah Jahan who gave me bangles..she doesn't speakEnglish, so we used sign language and amazingly sheunderstood me....”

4.4 Caring for the elderly

• Take care of the elderly, even if they're not supposed to beunder your care. As already mentioned, there are quite anumber of elderly people who don't have anybodyaccompanying them.

“There was an elderly lady who was supposed to be takencare of by her cousins, but they found it quite troublesome todo so and always left her behind.”

"I find quite a number of people with the attitude "Difficult totake care of myself, how to take care of others”. Trust me,you'll find that things which are usually difficult to do becomemuch easier every time after you help someone in need.Just to share my own experience, not that I did anything


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much... just things like helping them find their luggage, or ifthey don't know how to call home, help them do so... bringthem along to the masjid with you and make sure they comeback with you... those kind of things. I didn't realise it then,but during my "post-mortem" of my hajj, I realised that thefollowing happened AFTER I helped out the elderly in myroom:

- There were many people in queue to kiss the hajarulaswad, so I didn't plan to join them, but somehow right aftermy tawaf sunat, I saw a clear passage to the hajarul aswad.As a matter of fact, the police guarding the hajarul aswadactually waved to me to get to the Hajarul aswad andstopped others from pushing and shoving around. Imanaged to touch and kiss the hajarul aswad easily.

- At Raudhah, a lady, a total stranger, actually "guarded" mewhile I performed my solat, she put her arms around me sothat others didn't push me or walk in front of me. Shedisappeared right after I completed my solat, I didn't evenhave the chance to thank her.

- While waiting at the airport for our flight home, I went tobuy food for myself, my mother and my aunt. There weremany others who were in haste to buy food, so I just waitedthere. One of the Arab men, selling drinks, saw me andcalled out his friend selling the food to pack the food for mefirst. So I managed to buy the food easily

• Under any circumstances, DO NOT leave an elderly personby himself/herself outside the hotel at any time.

“ The 4 of us headed for Raudhah and grandma said shewould stay just outside Raudhah and look after our bags.When we came out, she was not at the place where we hadleft her. Apparently the crowd had displaced her and byGod’s will, someone managed to protect her. We had to


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hunt for the stuff we had left with her and could not retrieveeverything.”

• ALWAYS accompany your elders. If say, you're doing yourtawaf/saie, and the elderly person you're accompanyingseems tired and you feel they need to rest first, accompanythem back to the hotel. Don't ask them to wait at a certainplace for you to finish your tawaf/saie. They may wander andend up lost in the masjid. In the event that they do get lost,and the only thing you find later on are their shoes/slippersoutside the masjid, leave the shoes/slippers there.

“This actually happened to someone in my group during myrecent trip. Two elderly ladies ended up lost in the masjidwhile their family members completed their ‘‘Umrah. Worsestill, while searching for the two ladies, one of the familymembers found their shoes outside the masjid and took theirshoes back. Apparently when these two ladies did get outthrough that particular door and could not find their shoes,they thought they had the wrong door and went back insidethe masjid to find another door out. The elderly ladies wereonly found after 24 hours. They had to spend the night inMasjidil Haram, without any food.”

4.5 Caring for those who need wheelchairs

• Wheelchairs are available for free at Masjidil Haram whenyou deposit your passport. They are located in the Saiearea, 2nd floor at the Safa end. Self-driven motorizedwheelchairs are also available for SR40 per usage for tawafOR saie, (i.e. SR 80 for both tawaf and saie) during the lowseason. The rate increases to SR 100 per usage duringpeak season (i.e. Ramadhan, Hajj).


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• It may be preferable to buy one because although thedistance from hotel to Masjid is near, the compound of theMasjid, which is cemented/tiled, is some meters away fromthe entrance. If you rent, it is for a limited duration and issubject to availability.

• You could buy one from any pharmacy (if you are lucky,used ones are also available), use it and either sell it back tothe pharmacy or donate it to the hotel where future pilgrimscan borrow it for free. Provided a family member is availableto push the wheelchair every time, it is cheaper to buy thanrent in the long run.

• During the Hajj season, those unable to perform tawaf andsaie on foot can do it using a wheelchair. Renting awheelchair can be expensive. It can go up to SR150 persession. Malaysians can borrow them from the MalaysianMedical Mission for free or borrow one from Tabung Haji,

• Paying for someone to push the wheelchair can beexpensive. Ramadhan and Hajj season rates are higher thanthose in the low season as follows (this is a guide only forMalay speaking students in Makkah – please give withsincerity):

Wheelchair & service for tawaf & saie SR 100Ramadhan SR 150 minimumHajj season SR 300 - 350Wheelchair & service for tawaf only SR 40Ramadhan SR 70 minimumHajj season SR 100 minimum

Different rates may apply if you choose other than thesestudents.

This service usually includes pick up from hotel to the Haramand back.


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“During my recent ‘Umrah trip, I saw a place outside MasjidilHaram which provides wheelchairs for free. We didn't getany, though, because my mother only needed it for saie, notfor tawaf (for tawaf we could cut short the distance by doingthe tawaf nearer to the Ka’abah, but for saie there's no wayto cut short the distance). So, we rented the wheelchair atthe saie area. In this case, it was the aide who wheeled herduring saie, but both my sister and I promised to keep withindistance, so we did. If you intend to do this, it's advisable toget the male in your group to follow the person beingwheeled... my sister and I had a tough time trying to catch upwith the aide... his one step was equivalent to 2 steps fromus!!! Phew!!!”

• Tawaf for someone in wheelchair would be together withevery one else. It is advisable for you to wheel your elderlyyourself and perform the tawaf together. He/she can readthe supplication aloud and you can end each with “amin”since you are unable to hold the book. If you get someoneelse to push the wheelchair, the aide may be in a hurry tocomplete his job so that he can take in another customer.He may push the jema’ah at high speed. Yes, the tawaf willbe completed but is it done correctly to the best of the abilityand in the end do you get the satisfaction that you havecompleted it successfully? Again use the outer circle as toavoid the crowd. During Hajj, some proceed to the 2nd and3rd level of the masjid to perform tawaf.

NOTE: Please ensure that the wheelchair is not left empty andthat it is in your secure possession always. The person whouses the wheelchair can perform solat in it.

4.6 Avoid Non-mahram Interactions

• Muslim women need to be careful in their dressing and theirspeech (avoid soft speech with non-mahrams) so as not toshow off their ‘aurat. It is better to maintain a low profile to


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avoid attracting the attention of non-mahrams. A pilgrimshould not be distracted by anyone or anything from hisfocus on Allah swt.

“Take care of your aurat (this includes the female voice). TheSaudi government requires a female to travel with a mahram.This requirement is not for entry purposes only. It is theprescribed way of behaviour. It is important that the adhab ininteraction with the opposite sex be observed. I feel that theobservance of this adhab is very important towards protectingthe “mabrurness” of your hajj.

For example, there is no need for a man to go to a woman (viceversa), who is not an ustazah, to get advice on how to performa certain ritual. In this case, you go to a proper ustaz/ustazah.From my personal experience, I found it bizarre that a man latercame to tell me that “such and such lady, she is soknowledgeable about doing tawaf, and I learnt a few thingsfrom her” when the lady is not an ustazah and he learnt those“few things” when she was not with her mahram, and he, hismahram.

It is acknowledged that this kind or standard of behaviour istough to achieve when we are back home, but at the very leastwe should try to achieve it in Makkah with its “much more”conducive environment.”


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PART 5: THE LOCALITY

Source: To be identifiedMap of area around The Haram in Makkah

Accommodation

When you arrive at your hotel be it in Medinah or Makkah, lookaround the place and take a good look at the building you're in. Thentry to remember the surroundings. It’s very important to listen toinstructions of the guide because normally he will show the route toand from the masjid. Get to know people in the same group. It doesnot pay to be a loner out there.


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Solat times

Jot down the time for solat for planning purposes. Because of thecrowd during Ramadhan or the Hajj season, you may have to makeplans to be in the Masjid at least 60 minutes before solat time.

Food

Take note of eating places – local, Indonesian, Indian, etc. Samplethe pure thick fruit juices (mango, orange, sugarcane, guava,honeydew, etc.) at unbelievably low prices (SR 3-5)

“Go to the Cordoba Barakath hotel (one of the maktabs) after isya' fora great roti canai and teh tarik.”

“If you like pomegranate juice/drink, look for it at the Royal MakkahFood Court -- SR5 for a large glass”

NOTE: It is advisable to have food with you, especially on transit andin case there is shortage of food for whatever reason. Considerserunding, biscuits, fruits, etc.

Telecommunication

If you are staying for more than a few weeks, it may be worthwhile toget a local prepaid call card – Al Jawal or Mobily. There may becurrent promotions on, so it’s best to check them out at theirrespective outlets. You can then purchase top up cards frominternational call cabins, money changers, mini markets.

Alternatively, you can use your Malaysian mobile postpaid phone lineif you have registered it for international roaming. The rates,however, may be astronomical. If you have a prepaid roaming line,then please check with your telco service provider what services areavailable to you.


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“You can easily get Al-Jawal prepaid cards either in Medinah orMakkah. But I felt that the line was clearer with our Celcom postpaidservice. Telekom has their Ring-Ring card that is very convenient touse from a fixed line phone – just dial 180069 and follow theinstructions. And of course there are the international call cabins.Very good reception but very long line…”

With a Malaysian mobile postpaid phone line that has roaming facility,you can call Malaysia from your mobile phone using Telekom’s “iTalkwith mobile”. Dial 180069 and follow the instructions.

Laundry

There are many laundry facilities available, probably one “around thecorner.” Take a walk around your hotel or find out from your mutawifthe one nearest to your hotel. Rates range from about SR4 per pieceof kain ihram or jubah, SR3 per piece baju melayu top/bottom, SR1for a pair of socks. Add about another SR1 during peak season.

Check your mutawif for door to door laundry service, usually providedby Indonesian mutawif/catering staff.


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PART 6: LOCATIONS PERTAINING TOHAJJ/’UMRAH

6.1 The Masjidil Haram (please see Appendices 3 & 4)

Please note that conduct in all masjids and especially The Haram,should be that of a humble slave before his Lord. Any action ordiscussion on purely worldly matters have no place in the masjid.

6.1.1 Getting To Know The Haram: Doors

• There are about 100 doors (and more may be under construction)at Masjidil Haram, so take note which door you enter. The maindoors are Abdul Aziz, Fahd, ‘Umrah, Fath. These can be identifiedfrom afar by the minaret on either side of each main door. OnlySafa Gate has ONE minaret

Source: To be identifiedAnticlockwise: Single minaret at top right hand corner is Safa Gate,then Fath Gate at top left hand corner, Umrah Gate, Fahd Gate andAziz Gate, the latter four being the main gates as marked by doubleminarets.


. 30Source: http://www.dalil-alhaj.com/en/photos.htm


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GATES OF MASJIDIL HARAM (BAB)

1. King Abdul Aziz Gate2. King Abdul Aziz stairs3 & 4. Basement Ajiad5. Ajiad6. Bilal7 & 8. Ajiad Escalator9. Hussain10. Ismail

(From Safa to Marwa)11. Safa (in front of the Palace) (Enter here for nearestaccess to Rukun Hajarul Aswad)12 & 13. Gate14. Abi Qabis stairs15. Bab Darul Raqir16. Bani Hashim Flyover17. Bani Hashim Gate18. Ali Flyover (green light)19. Ali20. Al Abbas (green light)21. Al Abbas Flyover22. Al Nabi23. Al Nabi Flyover24. Bab As Salam25. Salam Flyover26. Bani Shaiba27. Al Hajoon28. Al Ma’ala Flyover29. Al Ma’ala30. Al Madda-a31. Al Marwa (Morad)32 - 34. Marwa Gates35 & 36. Morad Escalator37. Al Mohassab38. Arafa39. Mina


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GATES OF MASJIDIL HARAM (BAB) (cont’d)40. Quraish Escalator41. Qararah Escalator42. Qararah Escalator43. Al Qararah44. Ramp Basement Haram45. Al Fath Gate46. Zubair Bridge47 & 48. Haram (basement)49. Omar50. An Nadwa Bridge51. An Nadwa52. Al Shameia (Enter here for nearest access to the

Golden Spout)53 & 54. Al Shameia Escalator55. Al Qods56. Al Medinah57. Al Medinah Bridge58. Al Hodaibia59 & 60. Haram (basement)61. Al Mahdi Al Abasi Bridge62. Al ‘Umrah Gate63. Al ‘Umrah stairs64. Gate65 & 66. Al Shebika Escalator67 - 74. Gate75-77. King Fahd (Haram basement)78. King Fahd stairs

79. King Fahd Gate80. King Fahd stairs

81- 83. King Fahd (Haram basement) 84-90. Gate 91 & 92. King Fahd Escalator 93 - 94. Gate

95 King Abdul Aziz stairs


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6.1.2 Getting To Know The Haram: Ka’abah

Source: http://www.dalil-alhaj.com/en/photos.htmNote: There is no longer a brown marble line today.

• The Ka’abah is about 5-7 meters from the Masjid doors. Look atthe Ka’abah often and think of the history and what had happenedon this holy ground.

“The energy near the Ka’abah is incredible, especially at theMultazam and at the Golden Spout -- you get reduced to tears


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easily and feel like how one could feel on “Padang Mashar” --naked, tiny, full of sins -- enough to make one feel repentant.”

“I make it a point to do tawaf every time I enter Masjidil Haram andbefore exiting. To me, this is more afdhal than doing ‘Umraheveryday.”

“I like to khatam Qur’an in Masjidil Haram, so I read the Qur’anduring tawaf instead of the normal du’as. In the afternoon I do itupstairs so that I don't get too tanned.”

“During Ramadhan, I make du’a while performing tawaf sunat.Otherwise, I don’t get to make all the du’a for myself, family andfriends near the Ka’abah because of the huge crowd.”

• Hijir Ismail (this is considered to be the INSIDE of the Ka’abah)

Hijir Ismail (semi circle beside Ka’abah) is always crowded. Justfind any small space where you can sujud to perform two-raka’atsunat and again use sujud akhir to take your time to makesupplication in your heart. The guard may not chase you if you arein sujud position.


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Source: To be identifiedThe Golden Spout is right above Hijir Ismail.

An excellent area to perform solat or make supplication is rightunderneath or the area extending from the Golden Spout.

“Going to Hijir Ismail is not compulsory for ‘Umrah. It can be doneat any time but personally I always follow this step to ensure that Ihave completed everything should I not get a second chance. Thatis why it has to be slow and steady, step-by-step.”


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6.1.3 Getting To Know The Haram: Rooftop

Source: http://www.masjidhamzah.com/Images/hajj2003c.jpgThe Masjidil Haram rooftop is usually packed towards end Ramadhan& during the Hajj season. One can also perform saie on the rooftop.

• During the hajj season, do take the opportunity to perform solat onthe rooftop of Masjidil Haram. It is so refreshing to do so forSubuh and Maghrib solat. You can also tawaf on the rooftop. Thedistance may be longer, but the crowd is less than that on themataf.

6.1.4 Entering The Haram

• If you're travelling as a pair or a group, once you get into themasjid, the splendour of it all normally astounds everyone and aseasoned traveler is not spared. Be sure to identify a specificmeeting place to meet (eg. door name and number) in case


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anyone goes missing or when you split in the case of men andwomen and especially with children.

" My advice is, once you get inside, take a look at the Ka’abah andmake sure which corner of the Ka’abah you see first, i.e. HajarulAswad or Yemeni or whichever. Whenever you get lost, go back tothe Ka’abah and start your move from the particular corner of theKa’abah to find your way back."

• Bring a small backpack containing tissues, wet tissues (especiallyhelpful if you are breaking fast in the Masjid), pen, paper,tumbler/water flask (so that you don't need to refill Zam Zam waterso often and you can take some back to your residence) when yougo to the masjid, and if performing ‘Umrah, a pair of scissors fortahallul.

• You may also want to bring any or all of the following: AlMaathurat, Manzil, Majmu’ Sharif. There is no restriction onprinted materials if it is to help us perform our Ibadah. Printedmaterial that is forbidden are those related to politics or otherunrelated writings that could adversely affect or change ournawaitu.

“You may want to consider carrying the backpack in front so that itcan also act as a shield in crowded places. Also backpacks canremain on your back when you go to the toilet or take yourwudhu’”.

“I like the foldable Travelpak brand (about RM50) – it is lightweightyet durable. It has bottle compartments at the sides (you can haveyour zam zam water bottle on one side and spray bottle for wudhu’on the other side.”

"The door guards will check your bags for weapons or camera aswell as phones with camera. So as you enter, just open your bagand show them the contents. Sometimes they will not allow reusedwater bottles, so a tumbler or proper water container is better".


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• When the masjid is not crowded, place your bag in front of you sothat others may walk in front of you as you solat. The bag shouldbe at least 5 “hasta” away from your feet.

• Pack your slippers in a shoe bag upon entering the masjid andkeep the shoe bag in your backpack if you don’t feel confidentleaving it at the shoe rack. Please check with your Ustaz/ah if it ispermissible to tawaf carrying shoes/slippers. In case you loseyour slippers, slippers are usually sold outside the masjids. If needbe, walk home in your socks.

“Travelpak has a thin lightweight shoe bag with a zippered pocket.The travel/luggage section of major department stores shouldhave this brand.”

6.1.5 Ibadah Within The Haram

• The mutawif will inform the time for Jema’ah to get together andperform ‘Umrah. For beginners, it is best to follow the Mutawif.Mutawif is usually provided for the first ‘Umrah upon arrival inMakkah. Thereafter, if you would like to engage a Mutawif toassist you to perform ‘Umrah (accompany and guide you fromhotel to Miqat, through to tahallul) you can use the following ratesas a guide (for a group of less than 20 pax):Low season SR 70Ramadhan SR 100 minimumHajj season SR 150 minimum

• Remember ‘Umrah and Hajj comprise specific actions. It isenhanced with supplications. Aim to do your best and try to reciteall the supplications you have learned. You don’t need tomemorise them and you can read from your reference book.

“Personally, I prefer to perform the ‘Umrah without the Mutawifbecause a Mutawif will normally be too familiar with the procedureand tends to proceed at a fast pace. I like to do it at my own paceand perform it whole-heartedly, reading the supplication in both


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Arabic and Bahasa Malaysia/English and understand every word Iam saying. My advice is do not rush. Each ibadah needs to bedone without rushing and with tertib so that it is done properlyand with full concentration of body, mind and soul.”

• Tawaf (please see Appendix 8)

Perform the Tawaf by circumambulating 7 times around theKa’abah. Both males and females move in the same area. Theladies are normally in black robes except for Malaysians andIndonesians who are in white. Men are normally in white. If youcan, perform tawaf at night when it’s cool.

Please note that there is no longer a clearly marked line to denotethe Rukun Hajarul Aswad. Use the green light on your right andthe Rukun Hajarul Aswad on your left to approximate yourposition.

If you lose count, perform an extra round. There are many thingsto watch for in tawaf.

1) Preserve your wudhu’. Keep hands underneath your telekongand use the arm gloves.

2) Always harden your left shoulder to face the Ka’abah. The cycleis anticlockwise.

3) Do not touch the Ka’abah until after you’ve completed yourtawaf.

4) Do not be afraid to walk alone in tawaf. If you’re afraid that youmay lose each other, select a checkpoint to meet after tawafbefore performing the next task. Reason: if you move in groupsor link hands, you are unable to be sure that you can walk inthe straight line without moving your shoulder. Tendency foranother group to crash in is high and your shoulder may move.Then your tawaf may become invalid.

5) For better concentration it is wise to walk the outer circle,further from the crowd especially at the starting line eventhough it may take longer. I have done this many times and


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normally it will take approximately 30-40 minutes to completethe tawaf.

6) The floor around the Ka’abah is covered with white tiles. If youperform Tawaf after Dhuhr or ‘Asr when the sun is shining hot,it is wise to use sunglasses to protect the eyes. You may alsowant to wet your head with Zam Zam water to preventdehydration.

“There were a few of our ladies there who had performed solatusing the face masks, which is not permissible during ihram.They also used the masks during tawaf, perhaps after lookingat female pilgrims from other countries.”

Once you have completed your tawaf, proceed behind MaqamIbrahim. Perform solat Sunat Tawaf 2 raka’at and recite thesupplication given in the book. If you are able to move towardsthe Multazam, raise your hands and recite the supplication.This is another place where supplications are “mustajab”.Unless the guard chases you, use this opportunity to makesupplications as much as you can. If unable to go near, then adistance away is okay as long as it is directly in front of theKa’abah door.

NOTE: If it is crowded, you can perform solat Sunat Tawafanywhere in the Masjid. Do not add to the congestion.

• Zam Zam (please see Appendix 10)

Once completed*, look for Zam Zam water which can be foundjust about everywhere inside and around the masjid. Most ofthe containers dispense cool/cold Zam Zam. If you would like itwarm, look for containers with Arabic letters in green. Take ashort break to drink. When you drink the Zam Zam water, facethe Ka’abah, recite the supplication and in your heart ask Allahto help you in your ‘‘Umrah/Hajj and remove all illnesses fromheart, body, mind and soul.


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* Please note that you can drink Zam Zam water anytime. Youcan use the tanks outside the Masjid to fill up big bottles.

In the book, “The Miraculous Healing by Zam Zam Water”published by Dar Al-Ghadd Al-Gadeed (SR14 @ Da’awahBookstore, Hilton Shopping Complex), there are manyexamples of what one could ask from Allah when imbibing theZam Zam water or when applying over various body parts.

“One of the ‘hikmahs of being uzur during Ramadhan was theability to drink LOTS of Zam Zam water. Having read the bookmentioned above, I now TREASURE my limited supply of ZamZam water back home.”

• Safa and Marwah.

When you have rested, proceed to Safa and Marwah for Saie. Ifit is time for Solat Fardh, stop to perform solat and continueafterwards.

Start at Safa -- face Ka’abah and Istilam. Then start walking toMarwah. For ladies there is no need to jog a little at the GreenLight, but for men, yes. Use thick socks to walk the Saie.Safa Marwah (1 count); Marwah Safa (2 counts) andcontinue until 7 counts. If unsure, complete another walk. Bettermore than less. You do not have to be in Wudhu’ for this task.Here you can walk together as there are lanes that you canfollow. If there are more than 2 of you, it is better not to linkhands so that you don’t obstruct others from proceeding at theirown pace.

After you have finished the 7 counts, which will end in Marwah,perform the Tahallul. Bring a small pair of scissors and cut afew strands of hair recite the supplication. For men, it ispreferable to shave their hair. In ‘Umrah/Hajj Tamattu’, you arenow out of Ihram. However if in Ifrad, do not cut your hair, asyou will still be in Ihram till Hajj is completed. Thus your first‘Umrah (which is wajib) is completed. Subsequent ‘Umrahs will


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be Sunat. You can do this as many times as you want by justtaking a short trip to Miqat. You may want to sadaqah the‘Umrah sunat to a deceased family member or friend.

• If you are well versed in English, look for the THICK Qur’antranslation (there's also a thinner, very readable version) inEnglish. You may be able to purchase this as well as othertranslations at reduced prices at the Qur’an Printing Complex inMedinah

“This thick English translation is the most beautiful translationI've come across -- and you can also purchase it for SR60 atthe bookstore. The thinner version, however, is easier to readand the footnotes contain hadiths. It comes in hardback atSR30 and paperback pocket size at SR20-25. The latter is oneI would ‘never leave home without.”

6.2 Arafah

Rest as much as possible 2-3 days before leaving for Arafah.Resting can increase the probability for patience. If you can affordit, send clothes to the laundry. Conserve energy for solat andibadah.

Source: To be identified


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Wuquf at Arafah on 9 Dhulhijjah is the climax of Hajj, a time of theyear when supplications are most mustajab, i.e. between dhuhr &Maghrib. Plan carefully how to best utilize the limited precious time

at Arafah. Devote your time, energy, mind and body to Allah .Avoid mixing tea and taking pictures in the midst of preparing tomove to Muzdalifah. Concentrate on istighfar, glorification, solatand supplication

• Jabir reported that the Prophet said, "The ten days ofthe month of Dhu'l-Hijjah are the best days in the sight of

Allah ." A man asked, "Are these days better than anequivalent number of days that are spent fighting in the

Cause of Allah ?" The Prophet answered, "They arebetter than an equivalent number of days spent fighting in

the Cause of Allah . And there is no day better in the

sight of Allah than the Day of Arafah. On this day

Allah , the Almighty and the Exalted One, descends tothe nearest heaven, and He is proud of His slaves on theearth and says to those in heaven, "Look at My servants.They have come from far and near, with hair disheveled andfaces covered with dust, to seek My mercy, even thoughthey have not seen My chastisement. Far more people arefreed from the Hellfire on the Day of Arafah than on anyother day."

• Ibn Al-Mubarak reported from Sufyan Ath-Thawri, from Az-

Zubayr Ibn Ali, from Anas Ibn Malik that he said: T h e


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Prophet spent the day at Arafah until almost sunset.Then he said, "O Bilal, ask the people to be quiet and listento me." Bilal stood up and asked the people to be quiet and

listen to the Prophet . When the people were quiet, the

Prophet said, "O people, a little while ago Gabriel(peace be upon him) came to me. Gave me salutations from

Allah and informed me that Allah has forgiventhose who spend the Day at Arafah and those who stop atAl-Mash'ar Al-Haram, and that He has guaranteed theirdebts."

At this Umar Ibn Al-Khattab stood up and asked, "O Allah's

Messenger, is this for us only?" The Prophet said, "Thisis for you and for all those who will come after you until theDay of Judgment." Umar exclaimed, "How plentiful andblissful Allah's bounties are!"

• Muslim and others have reported from A’ishah that the

Prophet said, "Allah frees far more people fromHellfire on the Day of Arafah than on any other day, and

Allah comes closer this day and proudly says to theangels, "What do these people want and seek?"

.


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“My aunt advised me to come out of the tent upon hearing theDhuhr adhan and make supplication.”

“Prior to Arafah, I had compiled my supplications so that I couldconcentrate and read them during that precious period in Arafah.”

Source:http://www.wayoftheprophet.co.uk/hajj_gallery/hajj_2004_1231(012).html

A view of Arafah during the non-Hajj season, with Masjid Namirahin the background.


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InsyaAllah, it will not be hard to find out the locations of your tentin Arafah and Mina. In fact, it is possible now to get a map of thelocality. Prepare yourself for walking from Arafah to Mina.

Avoid bringing too many things to Arafah and Mina. Use bags withrollers or a backpack as you may need to walk for a long stretch toget to your camp.

For those staying on in Mina from Arafah, be sure to pack theessentials for the stay in both Arafah and Mina.

Suggested Packing ChecklistRemember that “the best provision is taqwa.”

Some cash, whether for food or sadaqah. Hand phone with new battery Extra battery (no electrical outlet to charge hand phone) Pen & paper Prescription Medication, if any Something for dehydration – eyes, lips, internal & external body Something for purging/vomiting Spray bottle for wudhu’, to freshen face, etc. Solat mat Qur’an Hajj/Solat guidebooks Supplications & wish list of what you would like to ask Allah for

yourself, family and friends Clothing (please note comfortable shoes/sandals are

recommended) Sweater for ladies, thick cloth for men Sarong for ladies Disposable undies/pantiliners Toiletry bag with hook Wet wipes Tissue packs Towel Waterless non-perfumed hand wash liquid


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Miswak in lieu of toothbrush & toothpaste Sun protection – umbrella, non-perfumed sunscreen Ziploc bags to store food. Plastic bags for trash Water bottle carrier Ear plugs Small torch light Small pouch for at least 70 pebbles Combination locks Hand luggage with rollers/trolley or backpack “Swiss army” knife, which has scissors for tahallul Some food Mat/camp stool to sit on

“Make sure you have enough clothes for these 5 days. Bring lotsof panty liners and disposable panties.

Whether you go by package or muassasah, you will be crammedin your tents and the toilets are not enough for us to indulge inwashing our clothes. In addition, we should not deprive otherswho really need to use the toilets. If you can't get the toilet forwudhu’, especially for Subuh, remember that you can performwudhu’ with a bottle of water. Some people missed their Subuh atMina because they couldn't get into the bathrooms and forgot thatthey had another alternative.”

Take a walk around after you've laid down your stuff. Find outwhere:• The nearest toilets are.• The nearest clinic is.• The nearest drinking water tanks are.

Pilgrims will be put in a tent with 20 or more people of differentages. If you notice a person complaining of headaches and feelinghot, cool her down by fanning her underneath her hijab or telekongand sponge her especially her head. Most probably she's about to


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get heat stroke. And if you ever leave the tent, be sure to letsomeone know of your absence.

Queuing for the bus as well as the bus ride from Arafah toMuzdalifah may take 10 hours or more, so be prepared with whatyou need on hand.

"Once on the bus to Mina, take a good look or get to know theperson who is sitting beside you if you're not traveling with family.During my hajj trip, a lady on my bus went missing because shegot down again just before we left for Mina from Arafah to go tothe toilet without informing anyone. Unfortunately for her, theperson she sat with was too oblivious of whatever washappening.”

“For Hajj 2003, several thousand pilgrims missed mabit inMuzdalifah, and even a lot more had to walk to their tents in Minaby disembarking from their buses 4 – 6 kilometres away.Prospective hujjaj, please take note of this scenario.

The total walk between Arafah and Mina InsyaAllah is about 10kms (add 1 or 2 kms to your tent). By the time you are in Makkah,gather a few “similar heads” and discuss the possibility of thishappening again. Then discuss this with your mutawif as to yourcontingency plan, for e.g. are you going to walk? When do youdecide to walk? (For men) putting on an extra towel to deal withthe chill of nighttime? Energy bars? What things will you jettison inorder to make walking more comfortable [or you have a haversackwhich can be kept in the bag, and if necessary, taken out to beused to carry your things [and your spouse’s things].”

6.3 Muzdalifah

“If you are with Muassasah, do bring along a sleeping bag formabit at Muzdalifah. The system for Muassasah is that we will goto Muzdalifah after Maghrib or Isya. We have to camp there atleast until midnight to be considered as mabit. At midnight buses


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will come and fetch and send us to Mina. If you decide to go toMina early, you'll have to line up quite early. There were morethan 3000 Malaysian pilgrims with me trying to get on the buses.Many fainted due to exhaustion and cold. (There’s a need inmaking sure the pilgrims can get on the buses systematically -- Ihope this will improve after 2005). Better to sleep first and waituntil the crowd has reduced before lining up for the bus. Yourenergy is much needed for throwing at the jamarats in Mina.”

6.4 Mina

“Several large construction projects have been undertaken in Minawith the aim of increasing the safety of pilgrims. The most notableamong them is the new multilevel Jamrat Bridge. The underground level of the bridge is intended mainly for theemergency services, such as taking the injured to hospitalthrough a connected tunnel without disturbing pilgrimmovements at other parts of the Jamrat. Another important work is the lengthening of Souk Al-Arab andJawhara tunnels in the western side of Jamrat. A two-kilometer linkbetween King Faisal Tunnel and the Rabita Road has beenconstructed. It starts from the Khayf Mosque in the east of theJamrat and ends at the Sedaqi Street in the western side. The squares surrounding the Jamrat Bridge have beensecured in such a way that pilgrims will not be able to sleepor camp there posing a serious threat to the safety of thosewho go to or return from the Jamrat.Two bus depots with a total capacity for 500 buses have beenconstructed on the western side of the Jamrat. A considerable partof the northern hills west of the Jamrat has been leveled tofacilitate the construction of a road starting from King Fahd Roadand leading to the west of the Jamrat.

An eight-story medical tower with a helipad has been completed.”


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(News sources-unidentifiable)

• Tent

“All those fireproof tents were air-conditioned -- Muassasah andpackage. We switched on the aircond ourselves whenever weneeded to as the switches were very visible. And no, I didn't noticea temperature regulator, so it was pleasant in the day and verycold at night and early morning. The switch for the aircond in thetents are on the pillars.

Courtesy of Faziatone

There are socket outlets on the beams that hold the pillars of thefireproof tents in Mina. They are a bit high up but I'm sure ladiescan find a way to connect your hand phone chargers there. Oreasier, just ask your spouses to charge your batteries in theirtents.


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Courtesy of Faziatone

On the downside, resourceful thieves put their hands into the tentsthrough the fences and got away with quite a lot of things from mytent last time (not mine though as my niche was in the middle ofthe tent). If your niche in the tent at Mina is right next to thegate/boundary/fence, please make sure your bags are kept awayfrom the fences.”

• Food

“The food packs for Muassasah Hujjaj contained rice, a gravy dish,and vegetables. A fruit was given too and of course a bottle or abox of drink.

Most of the time, you'll be getting more food than you can eat atMina. Do bring them along with you to the jamarats. You cansadaqah them to the many needy persons along the way fromyour tent to the jamarats (rather then let the food go to waste).”

• Washrooms

Look for toilets that have been used for bathing because these aremore likely to be clean and not smelly.


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“I think the greatest challenge was at the toilets in Arafah andMina...I had to garner plenty of patience and watch my mouth!”

• Jamarat

If you have a long way to walk to the Jamarats, bring water andsweets. Many have fainted due to low blood sugar.

Try to get a few people (preferably male mahrams) to enclose andprotect you with their hands while you throw the stones, so thatyou can get near to the pillar. Be sure you know HOW to throwthe stones.

When in doubt about anything, especially the ‘Umrah/hajj rituals,always, always ask the Ustaz/ah.


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Appendix 1Brief Words of AdviceBy Shaikhul Hadith Maulana Muhammad Zakariyya Kandhalvi

Some brief words of advice which the late Shaikhul Hadith hadreminded his friends when they came to meet him before departurefor Hajj. (Reproduced from a leaflet published by the Waterval IslamicInstitute, P O box 1, Johannesburg 2000).

1. Always regard those moments of life which you are blessedwith as valuable, and not to be wasted. One cannot predict whetherone would be graced with another good fortune and opportunity ornot. Never waste one's time in vain, meaningless chatting.

2. During one’s presence in the Masjidil Haram and Masjid An-Nabawi, a person’s conduct and behavior must be respectful,graceful and exemplary. Neither indulge in uncalled for nonsensicalhumor, joking and mocking, nor be occupied in staring and idolisingthe decor and finery of those places.

3. Great care and due consideration must be exercised in therequired reverence, ethics and etiquette of both those holy places.Any improper conduct is extremely harmful and disastrous. Oneshould neither criticize the things nor the inhabitants of both sacredplaces. After all those dwellers are humans also. Everyone on earthis prone to err and would make mistakes. In such circumstancesinstead of taking note of others’ shortcomings one must in particularfocus and monitor one’s own failings.

4. One must abstain from all sins. Since many (men and) womengather at these places, specific care must be taken to avoid "Bud-nathariy". Bud-nathariy for men is to look with lust and ogle at non-mahram females (for females it is vice versa). In addition, one isrequired particularly to lower the gaze where females gather forTawaaf in Makkah and Salaat-o-Salaam in Madina.


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Appendix 2Virtues of MakkahCourtesy: AL-ISLAAH PUBLICATIONS (www.everymuslim.net)

1. While departing from Makkah, Rasullullah (sallallahu alaiyhiwassallam) halted on a plateau, faced the Qibla and said: "By Allah!You are the most beloved portion of Allah's earth to me, and verilyyou are the most beloved portion of the earth to Allah too. Verily youare the best, spot on the face of the earth. And the most beloved toAllah. If your people did not expel me, I would not have departed fromyou." (Al-Muatta)

2. Rasullullah (sallallahu alaiyhi wassallam) stated in a Hadith-"The best and the most beloved city on the face of this earth to Allahis Makkah." (Sahih Al-Bukhari)

3. Rasullullah (sallallahu alaiyhi wassallam) stated: "The earthwas rolled out from Makkah. Allah stretched (the earth) fromunderneath it. Thus it is called the mother of all cities." (Sahih Al-Bukhari)

4. "The first mountain that was placed on the earth was AbuQubais." (Ibn Abi Shiba, Ibn Abi Hatim and Dailmi from Ibn Abbas.)(Abu Qubais is the name of a mountain near Makkah.)

5. "The angels were the first beings to circumambulate around thesacred house, two thousand years before Allah created Adam." (IbnAbi Duniya from Anas lbn Abi Shiba from lbn Abass/ Shafi from Ka-abAlqirti)

6. "Around the Ka'bah lies the graves of three hundred prophets."(Sahih Muslim / Bayhaqi)

7. "There is no city on earth to which all the prophets, the angels,the holy messengers and all the pious servants of Allah, who residein the heavens and on earth, including the jinn, flocked to, except


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Makkah." (Sunan Ibn Majah)

8. "There is no city on earth through which Allah multiplies onegood deed by a hundred thousand except Makkah." (Sahih Bukhari ,lbn Hibban)

9. "Whosoever offers a salat therein, then that salat is enhanced ahundred thousand fold over." (Sahih Muslim / Sunan Nisai)

10. "Whosoever gives one dirham therein in charity, Allah writes forhim the reward of having spent a hundred thousand dirhams incharity." (Ibn Abi Zubair in the Jamul Latif from Sunan Tirmizi)

11. "Anyone who completes the recitation of the full Qur'an oncetherein, AIIah records for him the reward of a hundred thousandrecitations." (Baihaqi , lbn Majah)

12. "Whosoever glorifies Allah once therein, for him is recorded therewards of having glorified Allah hundred thousand times elsewhere.Every good deed which a servant enacts in the haram is equivalent toa hundred thousand deeds enacted elsewhere." (Sunan Nasai)

13. "Each pious deed performed therein is multiplied a hundredthousand fold." (Sunan Abu Dawud)

14. "It is not known of any other city from which Allah will, on theday of Qiyamah, resurrect as many Ambiya, Allah-fearing souls,pious people, truthful ones, martyrs, religious people, Ulama, jurists,sages, ascetics, devotees, pilgrims, chosen ones and mystics, bothmales and females as Makkah. Verily they will be resurrected in astate wherein they will be safe from Allah's punishment." (SahihBukhari , Sahih Muslim)

15. Rasullullah (sallallahu alaiyhi wassallam) stated: "The best,purest, holiest and closest spot to Allah, is the place between theMarwah and the Maqam." (Sahih Bukhari , Sunan Ibn Majah)


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16. Rasullullah (sallallahu alaiyhi wassallam) stated: "The spacebetween the Ruknul Yamani and the Hajre Aswad is a garden fromthe gardens of Jannah." (Sahih Muslim, Sunan Tirmizi)

17. Rasullullah (sallallahu alaiyhi wassallam) stated: "A person whopassed away while performing the hajj or umrah will not bequestioned (in the qabr) nor will any reckoning be taken from him (onthe day of Qiyamah). He will be told: "Enter Jannah in peace withthose who have attained salvation." (Bayhaqi)

18. Rasullullah (sallallahu alaiyhi wassallam) stated: "Anyone whoobserves the fasts of the month of Ramadan in Makkah, Allahrecords for him the reward of a hundred thousand months of fastingin any other city." (Sunan Ibn Majah)

19. "The salat offered in Musjid-ul-Haram is increased by a hundredthousand salaah. For verily one obtains one hundred and fifty million(150 000 000) rewards for a salaah offered therein." (Sahih Bukhari ,Sahih Muslim)

20. "Anyone who falls ill in Makkah for one day, Allah renders hisbody and his flesh haram (forbidden) from the fire of Jahannam."(Sahih Bukhari)

21. Rasullullah (sallallahu alaiyhi wassallam) stated: "Anyone whofalls ill in Makkah for one day, Allah records for that person therewards of having done good deeds equivalent to sixty years worshipin any other place." (Muatta)

22. "Anyone who endures the heat of Makkah with patience for anhour of the day, Allah will distance that person from the fire ofJahannam by a distance of a journey of five hundred years and bringhim closer to Jannah by a distance of a journey of two hundred years.Indeed Makkah and Madinah eject any impurities within them likeflames eject rust from iron. Understand carefully! Difficulties andcalamities abounded in Makkah right from its inception. Great stagesare realised by enduring these difficulties." (Sahih Muslim)


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23. "Anyone who endures any difficulty experienced in Makkah(with patience), I will intercede and bear witness for him on the day ofQiyamat." (Sunan ibn Majah)

24. "The best valley on the face of this earth is the valley of lbrahim(alaihis salaam)." (Sahih Bukhari, Sunan Tirmizi)

25. "The best well on the face of this earth is the well of Zamzam."(Sahih Muslim)

26. "For verily, anyone who touches the Hajre Aswad is cleansed ofhis sins just as he was on the day his mother gave birth to him."(Musnad lmam Ahmad)

27. "There is no city in the world in which one finds an object, whichwhen touched by any human being, cleanses him of his sins andleaves him in the same state as he was on the day his mother gavebirth to him, except Makkah." (Muatta)

28. "There is no city on the face of this earth in which a personoffers a salah in accordance with a command which Allah issued tohis Nabi Sallallahu alaiyhi wassallam except Makkah." (Sunan IbnMajah)

29 "Anyone who offers salah behind the Maqam has attainedsafety." (Sahih Bukhari, Sunan Nisai)

30 "The most beloved spot to Allah is the area between theMaqam-e-lbrahim and the Multazam." (Sunan Tirmizi , Abu Dawud)

AL-ISLAAH PUBLICATIONSP.O.Box 1106 Kroonstad,South Africa, 9500Tel no.: 27-56 -2124604 / Mobile no: 083 477 3786 / Fax no: 086602 9424e-mail: [email protected] web-site: www.everymuslim.net


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Appendix 3The Blessings of al-Masjid al-HaraamFrom Islamic Newsletter 'As-Sunnah' Issue no: 10Compiled by Sister Shawana A. Aziz

“Verily, the first House (of worship) appointed for mankind wasthat at Bakkah (former name of Makkah), full of blessing, and aguidance for al-Alameen (the mankind and Jinns). In it aremanifest signs (for example), the Maqaam (place) of Ibraheem(Abraham); whosoever enters it, he attains security.” [Soorah al-Imran (3): 96-97]Al-Masjid al-Haraam was the first house of worship ordained formankind on Earth. Allah has placed several blessings in it, for e.g. theSalaat in al-Masjid al-Haraam has increased rewards in comparisonto the Salaat prayed anywhere else. The Messenger of Allah(sallallahu alaihi wa-sallam) said: “One Salaat in my Masjid isbetter than 1,000 Salaat anywhere else except in al-Masjid al-Haraam.” [Saheeh al-Bukharee and Saheeh Muslim] and: “OneSalaat in al-Masjid al-Haraam is better than 100 Salaat in myMasjid.” [Musnad Ahmad]

The Blessing of the water of Zam-Zam: Zam-Zam is the name ofthe famous well in al-Masjid al-Haraam. It is situated at a distance ofthirty cubits away from al-Kaa'ba. This well sprung up when Isma'eel ,(the son of Ibraheem (alaihi as-salaam) and Hajar), as an infantstruck the Earth with his heels, in thirst. His mother looked for water,but could not find any. She climbed to the top of Mount Safa andprayed to Allah for help, and then she climbed Mount Marwa and didthe same. Allah responded to her supplication and sent Jibreel to digout the well of Zam-Zam. It is from the virtues of the well of Zam-Zamthat it is situated in Makkah, which is a desert land. Today, even withall the advanced scientific technologies, no well can be dug in theland of Makkah, where Zam-Zam is fresh and gushing forth water inabundance.

Imaam Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah (rahimahullah) said: "Zam-Zam


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water is the best and noblest of all waters, the highest in status, thedearest to people, the most precious and valuable to them…” Thescholars agree that it is Mustahabb (recommended) for pilgrims onHajj and Umrah in particular, and for all Muslims in general, to drinkfrom the water of Zam-Zam because Allah's Messenger (sallallahualaihi wa-sallam) is reported to have drank water of Zam-Zam in anumber of true Ahaadeeth. [Saheeh al-Bukharee]

It is the water of Zam-Zam, with which Jibreel (alaihi as-salaam)washed the Prophet’s (sallallahu alaihi wa-sallam) heart before theNight Journey (i.e. Isra wal-Miraaj). Al-Haafiz al-Iraaqi (rahimahullah)said: “The reason why the Prophet's chest was washed with Zam-Zam water was to make him stronger so that he could see thekingdom of Heaven and Earth, Paradise and Hell, because one of thespecial qualities of Zam-Zam is that it strengthens the heart andcalms the soul…”

It is reported in Saheeh Muslim, that the Messenger of Allah(sallallahu alaihi wa-sallam) said to Abu Dharr (radhi allahu anhu),who had stayed near the Kaa'ba and its coverings for thirty days andnights with no food or drink other than Zam-Zam: “How long have youbeen here?” Abu Dharr (radhi allahu anhu) said: “I have been herefor thirty days and nights.” The Prophet (sallallahu alaihi wa-sallam) said: “Who has been feeding you?” He said: “I had nothingbut Zam-Zam water, and I have got so fat that I have folds of fat onmy stomach. I do not feel any of the tiredness or weakness of hungerand I have not become thin.” The Prophet (sallallahu alaihi wa-sallam) said: “Verily, it (the water of Zam-Zam) is blessed, it is afood that nourishes (or satisfies).” [Saheeh Muslim v: 4, no: 1922]In another narration: “...and a healing for sickness.” [Al-Bazzaar(1171, 1172) and al-Tabaraani in al-Sagheer (295)] Thus, drinkingfrom the water of Zam-Zam is nourishment and a cure for sickness.But this needs full faith and sincerity in Allah, the all-Mighty, Who hasplaced such immense blessings in this water.

Ibn al-Qayyim (rahimahullah) said: “Myself and others tried seekinghealing with Zamzam water and saw wondrous things. I sought


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healing with it from a number of illnesses, and I was healed by thepermission of Allah. I saw someone who nourished himself with it fora number of days, half a month or more, and he did not feel hunger;he performed Tawaaf along with the other people just as they did.And he told me that he consumed nothing but Zam-Zam water forforty days and he had the strength to sleep with his wife, to fast andto perform Tawaaf numerous times.” [Zaad al-Ma'ad, 4/319, 320]

It was reported from Jaabir Ibn Abdullah (radhi allahu anhu) that theProphet (sallallahu alaihi wa-sallam) said: “The water of Zam-Zamis for whatever it is drunk for.” [Ibn Majah vol: 2, no: 1018 (see al-Maqaasid al-Hasanah by al-Sakhaawi, p. 359)] Therefore, thescholars recommend that one should make lots of Du'aa whiledrinking the water of Zam-Zam and he should drink it for a purposethat will benefit him in this world and the next.

The Salaf and Ulama acted upon the (above-mentioned) Hadeeth ofAllah’s Messenger and thus when Abdullah Ibn al-Mubarak went forHajj, he came to Zam-Zam and said: “O Allah, Ibn Abil-Mawaali toldus from Muhammad Ibn al-Munkadir from Jaabir (radhi allahu anhu)that Your Prophet (sallallahu alaihi wa-sallam) said: “The water ofZam-Zam is for whatever it is drunk for.” I am drinking it to quench thethirst of the Day of Resurrection.” [(Hasan) Sunan Ibn Majah (al-Manaasik, 3062)]

It was reported that when Ibn Abbas (radhi allahu anhu) drank fromthe water of Zam-Zam, he said: “O Allah, I ask you for beneficialknowledge, plentiful provision and healing from every disease.”Shaikh Ibn Uthaymeen (rahimahullah) said: “You should have theintention of what you want to gain by drinking this water. You shoulddrink your fill, i.e., fill your stomach with it until it is filled to the ribs,because this water is good. A Hadeeth has been narrated concerningthis (which mentions that) the difference between the believers andthe hypocrites is drinking one's fill of Zam-Zam water. [Narrated byIbn Maajah in al-Manaasik, 1017; al-Haakim, 1/472 (Al-Boosairi saidit is Saheeh)] Therefore, Zam-Zam water is not sweet; it is little salty,and the believer only drinks this salty water out of faith, believing that


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there is Barakat (blessing) in it. So when he drinks his fill of it, this is asign of his faith (in Allah). [Sharh al-Mumti', v: 7. pp. 377-379]

Some Fuqahah mention it a Sunnah to drink the water of Zam-Zam to one's fill. Scholars explain it to be Mustahabb and from theetiquettes of drinking water to sit, say Bismillah, pause to take abreath three times and say al-Hamdulillah after drinking, as oneshould do when he takes any other kind of drink. Regarding theHadeeth of Ibn Abbas (radhi allahu anhu), who said: “I gave theProphet (sallallahu alaihi wa-sallam) water of Zam-Zam to drink,whilst he was standing.” [Saheeh al-Bukharee vol: 3, no: 492] ThisHadeeth should be understood in the sense that even though it isencouraged to drink water whilst sitting, it is not Haraam (unlawful) todrink whilst standing.

People who visit Makkah and Medina should take the water of Zam-Zam with them back to their countries because it is blessed and acure for the sick. Aa'ishah (radhi allahu anha) reported that she tookthe Zam-Zam water home with her in bottles, and she said: “TheMessenger of Allah (sallallahu alaihi wa-sallam) took some of it awaywith him, and he used to pour it on the sick and give it to them todrink.” [at-Tirmidhee vol: 4, no: 37]

Al-Hafiz al-Sakhaawi (rahimahullah) said in Al-Maqaasid al-Hasanah:“Some people said that the virtue (of Zam-Zam water) remains onlyso long as it is in its place (of origin), and that when it is taken away, itchanges. This is an idea that has no basis. The Prophet (sallallahualaihi wa-sallam) wrote to Suhayl Ibn Amr: “If my letter reaches you atnight then do not wait until morning, and if it reaches you during theday, do not wait until evening, to send me some Zam-Zam water.” Hesent him two containers full, and at that time he was in Medina,before the conquest of Makkah. This Hadeeth is Hasan because ofcorroborating evidence. Aa'ishah (radhi allahu anha) also used totake Zam-Zam water away with her, and she reported that theProphet (sallallahu alaihi wa-sallam) used to do this; he used to carryit in small vessels and buckets, and pour it onto the sick and give it tothem to drink. Whenever a guest visited Ibn Abbas (radhi allahu


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anhu) he would honor him by giving him Zam-Zam water to drink. Ata(radhi allahu anhu) was asked about taking Zam-Zam water away,and he said: “The Prophet (sallallahu alaihi wa-sallam), al-Hasan andal-Husayn all took it away with them.” [see Fath al-Baree vol: 3, no:493; al-Mughni, vol: 3, no: 445, Nihaayat al-Muhtaaj, Shifa' al-Gharaam bi Akhbaar al-Balad al-Haraam, by al-'Iraaqi vol: 1, no:258]

Another Blessing of Masjid al-Haraam is al-Hajar al-Aswad (theBlack Stone), from where the Tawaaf (circumambulating) initiatesand ends. Hajar al-Aswad is a stone of Paradise and it was as theMessenger of Allah (sallallahu alaihi wa-sallam) said: “The blackstone descended from Paradise whiter than milk, but the sins of thedescendants of Adam made it black.” [Musnad Ahmad and at-Tirmidhee no: 2577. The latter stated it as Hasan] Al-Muhibb al-Tabari said: “The fact that it (has turned) black is a lesson for thosewho have insight. If sins can have this effect on an inanimate rock,then the effect they have on the heart is greater.” [Fath al-Baree, 3/463]

From the virtues of al-Hajar al-Aswad is that touching it causes the(minor) sins to be forgiven, Ibn Umar (radhi allahu anhu) said: “Iheard the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alaihi wa-sallam) say:“Touching them both [the Black Stone and al-Rukn al-Yamani] isan expiation for sins.” [(Hasan) by at-Tirmidhee, no: 959 and(Saheeh) by al-Haakim, vol: 1, no: 664] Sowayd bin Ghaflah said: “Ihave seen Umar kissing the Black Stone and touching it.” He furthersaid: “I know that the Prophet (sallallahu alaihi wa-sallam) wasespecially very particular about it.'” [Saheeh Muslim] Ibn Umar (radhiallahu anhu) reported that Allah's Messenger (sallallahu alaihi wa-sallam) used to come to Ka'bah, touch the Black Stone and then say:Bismillahi wallahu akbar (In the name of Allah, Allah is the Greatest.)[Musnad Ahmad]

Kissing al-Hajar al-Aswad is from the Sunnah of Allah'sMessenger (sallallahu alaihi wa-sallam). This kissing is a manner ofhonoring this noble Stone of Paradise. It is reported in Saheeh al-


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Bukharee (1520), Saheeh Muslim (1720) that Umar approached theBlack Stone and kissed it. Then he said: “I know that you are a merestone that can neither harm nor do any good. If I had not seen theProphet (sallallahu alaihi wa-sallam) kissing you, I would have neverkissed you." So, the Black Stone is a blessing from Allah becauseone erases all his past (minor) sins merely by touching and kissing al-Hajar al-Aswad.

The Black Stone will come forth on the Day of Resurrection andwill testify in favor of those who touched it in truth. “The Messenger ofAllah (sallallahu alaihi wa-sallam) said concerning the Stone: “ByAllah, Allah will bring it (al-Hajar al-Aswad) forth on the Day ofResurrection, and it will have two eyes with which it will see and atongue with which it will speak, and it will testify in favor of those whotouched it in sincerity.” [(Hasan) by at-Tirmidhee, no: 961]


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Appendix 4Women in Islamic Society: Rules to Observe inMosquesDr. Abd Al-Haleem Abu Shuqqah

When women come to the mosque to join a congregational prayer, itis important to observe certain rules. We mentioned two of these lastweek: avoiding wearing perfume, and forming lines in the backwithout separation. We will look at the other rules today.

1. The best of women’s lines is the last one. Abu Hurayrah quotes theProphet (peace be upon him) as saying: “The best of men’s lines isthe first and the worst is the last, while the best of women’s lines isthe last and the worst is the first.” (Related by Muslim.) This is not tosuggest that all contact between men and women in the mosque isimproper. It simply highlights practical considerations. Those in thefirst line are the ones who come early to the mosque. They standclose to the imam and as such they can follow the recitation of theQur’an more attentively. By contrast, a woman may find it hard tocome early, because she has to attend to things at home particularlyif she has young children. Moreover, being close to men’s lines maybe distracting to either party. This organization has a furtheradvantage, which is preventing crowding at the mosque’s entrance. Italso enables women to be the first to leave after the prayer is over.Thus women can be the last to arrive in the mosque and the first toleave. This reflects care for women and consideration for theirdomestic responsibilities.

2. Women are recommended to wait a little before raising their headsafter prostration. Sahl ibn Saad reports: “Men used to pray with theProphet tying their robes around their necks. Therefore, women weretold not to lift their heads until men have sat down.” (Related by Al-Bukhari and Muslim.) The reason for this, according to Ibn Hajar, is toavoid the possibility that women would see men’s private parts asthese might be exposed when they rise. When men’s robes are tied


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around their necks, they cover less of their bodies, leaving thatpossibility. The same principle applies today when some men weartight trousers.

3. Drawing attention by clapping: Sahl ibn Saad quotes the Prophet(peace be upon him) as saying: “What is the matter with youclapping so often? If there is something to which you want to draw theimam’s attention you should glorify God, saying Subhan Allah.Clapping is for women only.” (Related by Al-Bukhari and Muslim.)This is when a woman wants to draw the imam’s attention to amistake he might have made, or to something nearby which hecannot see.

4. The imam should make sure to facilitate things for women,particularly in Isha prayer, which should not be delayed. LadyAyesha reports: “One night the Prophet was late for Isha prayer, untilUmar called out to him saying: ‘Women and children are overcome bysleep.’ The Prophet went to the mosque to lead the prayer. He said:‘No one on the face of the earth is waiting for this prayer other thanyou.’ At the time, Madinah was the only place where people prayed.They used to offer this prayer between the disappearance of thebright horizon and the end of the first third of the night.” (Related byAl-Bukhari and Muslim.)

5. Keeping the congregational prayer short. Anas ibn Malik quotesthe Prophet as saying: “I may begin a prayer intending to make itlong. Then I may hear a child crying, and I keep the prayer shortbecause I realize that his mother is anxious to attend to him.”(Related by Al-Bukhari and Muslim.)

6. Giving women a chance to leave first: Hind bint Al-Harith quotesLady Umm Salamah, the Prophet’s wife, as saying: “When thecongregational prayer finished during the Prophet’s lifetime, womenwould quickly rise and leave, while the Prophet and the men whowere with him in the prayer would wait for a while. When the Prophetrose, the men also rose.” (Related by Al-Bukhari.) Al-Zuhricomments: “I believe that the Prophet stayed behind a little to allow


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women to leave before men.

7. There is no restriction to prevent men and women from dealingwith one another in the mosque. For one thing, they see each other,since there is no screen or separation between their places ofworship. People used to lower their gaze, but they could look casuallyat each other. There is nothing wrong with that. Moreover, theHadiths that we have quoted make clear that conversation betweenmen and women took place when needed. We quoted the Hadithspeaking of women being told to stay a little longer before raisingtheir heads in prayer. One Hadith mentions that in one quarter, theimam was a child wearing a short robe. He was chosen because hehad learned more of the Qur’an than anyone else in his clan. Onewoman pointed out that he needed longer robes, and the men boughta new one for him.

There are also Hadiths which indicate that men and women movedfreely in the mosque. We mentioned the Hadith of the woman whoused to clean the mosque and when the Prophet missed her he wastold that she died. He said to his companions that they should havementioned her death to him. He wanted to know where she wasburied and he went to her grave, praying there for her.


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Appendix 5Do's And Don'ts In HAJJBy Muhammad Alshareef

In Aqeedah (the Muslim's Belief)

- Many Pilgrims when they travel to Medinah they solat to thegraves. They make Du’a' to Rasul Allah (Sal Allahu alayhi waSallam). This could not only ruin their Hajj, it could nullify theirIslam.

- Do not rub graves for Barakah.- Do not make Do'a to anyone except Allah ta'aala.- When going to Medinah, your initial intention should be to visit

Masjid An-Nabawee, the Prophet's Masjid.

In Ihraam

- Do not pass the Meeqat without being in the state of Ihraam. If youare landing in Jeddah and going to Makkah to perform ‘‘Umrahdirectly, you must be in a state of Ihraam before you land, as theplane shall enter the Meeqat. Jeddah is inside the Meeqat.

- If you are landing in Jeddah, you need your Ihraam towels withyou on the airplane in your carry-on bag.

- Women may wear anything Islamically permissible for Ihraam.- Do not take pictures of yourself in Ihraam. You came to worship

Allah and taking pictures for showing others later may contradictyour sincerity of doing this for the sake of Allah.

- Women in their menses must be in a state of Ihraam when theypass the Meeqat. They should shower and do talbiyah likeeveryone else.

- Do not uncover your right shoulder until you reach the Ka'bah andbegin Tawaf. This is the time that the Messenger uncovered hisshoulder and it is an act of Hajj, so we must follow when theProphet did it.


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- You may change your Ihraam towels if they get dirty· You do notenter into Ihraam by just wearing the towels. You must make theintention to begin.

- Do not shave your beard, whether before, during or after Ihraam.- You should wear sandals, but if you do not have sandals, you do

not have to walk barefoot. Wear what you have until you find aplace to get sandals.

- When beginning your Ihraam for Hajj, do it from where you are: inyour hotel, on the street, etc. You do not have to go to the Ka'bahto start your Ihraam for Hajj.

- Do pay attention to what you are saying when you are making theTalbiyah: Labayk Allahumma Labbayk...

- When you hear that you are not allowed to wear stitches inIhraam, know that what is meant is that you cannot wear pieces ofcloth that are sewn together to wrap your body, such as a T-Shirtor underwear.

- Both men and women may shower with unscented soap. Yes, forwomen and men, you may comb your hair, as the Prophet's wivesused to do when they were in Ihraam.

In Tawaf

- You do not have to say your intention out loud to begin Tawaf.Saying intentions out loud is something the Prophet (Sal Allahualayhi wa sallam) never did except after Ihraam when he said,"Labbayk Allahuma ‘‘Umrah wa Hajj."

- You do not have to touch the black stone for your Tawaf to beaccepted. If it is crowded you may face your hand toward thestone and say Allahu Akbar.

- Do not kiss the Yemeni corner. You may only touch it.- Do not worship the black stone. You are glorifying Allah by coming

to this house and worshiping Him, following the Sunnah of RasulAllah (sal Allahu alayhi wa sallam).

- Do not follow those Du’a books that make up du’a for each timeyou go around the Ka'bah. Read Quran and make Du’a from yourheart and glorify Allah.


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- Make Du’a by yourself, do not do it in a shouting group around theka'bah.

- Do not wipe the walls of the ka'bah during Tawaf. Rasul Allah didnot touch anything other than the black stone and the Yemenicorner.

- Do not hurt anyone to kiss the black stone.- Do not face your hand to the Yemeni corner and say Allahu Akbar.

This is only for the black stone.- Do not push or hurt anyone during Tawaf- The Ka'bah should be to your left. Do not do Tawaf with your back

to the ka'bah.- Do not stand at the black stone line for a long time. Move on.- Do not lengthen your 2 Rakas of Tawaf- There is nothing in the sunnah about: Du’a Maqam Ibraheem.

After you solat the 2 Rakas of Tawaf move on.

In Sa'I (going between Safa and Marwah)

- Although preferable, you do not have to have Wudu during Sa'i.- You do not have to climb to the top of Safa or Marwa.- You can take breaks in Sa'I to drink water or rest.- You can take a break after Tawaf, before Sai'.- You do not have to jog the whole way, from Safa to Marwa. Only

within the green lights, the valley of Safa and Marwa.- Women do not have to run between the green lights.- There is no specific du'a to say between Safa and Marwa.- Do not miss the Du'a that Rasul Allah said when he stood on Safa. Then raise your hands and solat as he did, Sal Allahu alayhi wa Sallam.- Do not say your intention out loud before making Sa'i.

When Shaving or Trimming

- Shave your complete head, do not leave parts unshaved.- If you shall trim, take from all sides of your head.- Do not take off your Ihraam until you have shaved or trimmed. You


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are still in Ihraam until you do so.- Do not shave your beard.

In Mina, Arafah, and Muzdalifah

- Many people do not confirm if where they are located is inside or outside the borders of the holy sites. Confirm.- Do not reserve a place that is more than your need. Many people are looking for places to sit down and sleep.- Only in Arafah and Muzdalifah do you shorten and combine solat. In Mina only shorten your solat, but solat them at the correct time.- Do not waste your Hajj time in vain chatting.- Spending the 8th day in Mina is the Sunnah of Rasul Allah. Many people skip this and go to Arafah.- Do not push anyone when you are in a crowd.- You do not have to go to the Mt. Of Mercy in Arafah. Many people hurt themselves and others to be there even though it is not a Wajib thing to do.- Mt. Rahmah is not a holy mountain. Do not wipe its sand and rocks for barakah.- You do not have to solat Dhuhr and ‘Asr on Arafah day in the Masjid of Arafah (Masjid Namirah). You may solat in your tent with your group.- Do not leave Arafah before Maghrib time.- Women should avoid getting into a crushing crowd, like in Masjid Namirah.- Do not face Mt.Rahmah on Arafah day when you make Du'a. You should face the Qiblah.- You should not treat your time in Arafah like any other day. You should realize the significance and solat to Allah in humility.- At Maghrib time in Arafah, do not solat Maghrib and Isha' until you

Reach Muzdalifah, even it you reach there at 11:00 at night.However, if you see half the night approaching, solat where youare on the road.

- Make sure you are in Muzdalifah before you stop and rest. Many people think they are in Muzdalifah but they are not. Look for the border signs. If you have not seen one, chances are you are still


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not in Muzdalifah even if you see others sleeping on the road.- After solat Maghrib and Isha in Muzdalifah, go to sleep immediately, this is what Rasul Allah (saw) did.- Through all of this, continue doing your Talbiyah.

In stoning the Jamarat

- The Jamarat are not Devils, and Shaytaan is not tied up for thestoning of himself. Hajjis that hold this misconception end upcursing, swearing, throwing sandals, etc. It is a commandmentfrom Allah to glorify Allah by saying 'Allahu Akbar' with eachpebble.

- You do not have to wash your stones.- Do not throw sandals or wood or big rocks. This is all against the Sunnah.- Do not hurt/shove when at the Jamarat.- Say Allahu Akbar with each pebble. Do not say Bismillaah.- Throw the pebbles separately.- Make Dua' after the first and second Jamarat.- Do not throw the Jamarat before it is time.- Throw the Jamarat from small to medium to large. Not the other way.- If someone is throwing on your behalf, you must be unable to throw- If someone is throwing on your behalf, you do not have to collect the stones yourself and hand the stones to that thrower.- Throw seven pebbles, not more or less.

In Tawaf Al-Wadaa' (Farewell Tawaf)

- You cannot do your final Jamarat after Tawaf Al-Wada', as some people attempt.- Do not walk in massive groups during Tawaf. This hurts many people.- You MUST spend the night in Mina on the 10th night and 11th night. The two days of Hajj, the days of Mina, are the 11th and


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12th, not the 10th and 11th.- After Tawaf Al-Wadaa' you must leave Makkah, or else another Tawaf should be made.- After Tawaf Al-Wadaa' you may have lunch or wait at a bus, etc.,

as long as you are on your way out of Makkah.

In Medinah

- Visiting Medinah has nothing to do with your Hajj. It is something different and separate.- Do not wipe or kiss any walls for barakah. It is only rock and marble.- Do not raise your voice near the Prophet's grave.- Do not do Tawaf around the Prophet's grave.- You do not need Ihraam to enter Medinah.- Do not make Du'a to the Prophet. Du'a is to be made to Allah and Allah alone.- If you want to solat for the Prophet to intercede for you on the day

of Judgement (Shifaa'ah), solat to Allah for that. "O Allah, allowYour Prophet to intercede for me.."

- Do not raise your voice in Du'a near the grave. Face Qiblah and leave the grave area when you want to make Du'a.

Miscellaneous

- Do not add the term Hajji to your name after returning home.- Hadith such as: "whoever visits my grave, I shall intercede for

them." Hadith to this effect are lies against Rasul Allah.

A final note:

There are three categories of Muslims who make mistakes:

1. One group is sincerely ignorant of these things and they have littleclue that what they are doing is Haram or incorrect. For these people- in sha' Allah - there is nothing upon them.


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2. A second group is ignorant, but they have the ability to learn andfind out. All that stops them from doing so is their laziness in studyingand asking. For these people, it is feared that they may be sinful fortheir laziness in learning.

3. A third group is aware of these mistakes. They perform it howeverto either follow their culture or to misguide people. This person issinful and they shall assume the sin of those that they misguide.

"Our Lord, do not take us to account if we forget or make a mistake" -Al-Baqarah/286


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Appendix 6Fifty Things To Do @ HAJJBy Muhammad Alshareef

Many who go for Hajj may find themselves sitting in a tent thinking tothemselves, 'now what do I do'. Some pick themselves up and goaround doing things pleasing to Allah - others may not capture themoment due to inexperience.

Here is list of beneficial things to do during your Hajj trip. If you arenot going for Hajj, why not forward it to someone who might benefitfrom it on his or her journey. At least they can practice number 26.

May Allah ta'ala make it a safe journey for all the Hujjaj. Ameen.

1. Smile in another Muslims face2. Say Salam to strangers3. Shake someone's hand and ask about their health4. Buy tea for someone5. Offer to get someone's groceries6. Sit with a Hajj group from another country and ask about Islam

in their village7. Carry someone's bags for them8. Guide someone ill to the infirmary9. Shun vain talk10. Recite talbiyah loudly, encouraging others11. On the days of Eid, walk through the tents reciting talbiyah

loudly reminding others12. Gather stones for people13. Offer to throw on behalf of unable Hajjis14. Guide people to the Jamarat15. Lower your gaze16. Remind people of the lives of the Sahaabah17. Read Qur'an with the Tafseer18. Do the authentic Dhikr of the morning and evening19. Make du’a during your Sajdah


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20. Stand to the side of a gate and offer people water/tea as they leave21. Give major attention to shy people in your group22. Remind people of patience, why they came here, and the

example of our Ulumaa' in Hajj23 Explain a Hajj Khutbah you may have heard to those around you24. Explain the importance of purifying ones actions for the sake of Allah25. Phone relatives (from Makkah) on Eid day26. Make du’a for forgotten friends (and the author of this list)27. Don't allow Muslims to fight during Hajj28. Help people find a place to sleep29. Remember - during the heat - the unending torment of hellfire30. Say 'Laa ilaaha illa Allah, wahdahu laa sharika lah, lahul Mulk

wa lahul hamd, wa Huwa 'ala kulli shay'in Qadeer' 100x31. Say the dua of entering the market place when you go there32. Give charity to those who sell meager things (sandals/eggs)33. Attend the Halaqahs that are given in Mina34. Stay for the 13th of Dhul Hijjah35. Remind people to go home as better Muslims36. Forgive people that wrong you37. Talk to 10 different people from 10 different countries38. Compliment someone sincerely39. Visit the hospital and thank Allah for all that he has given you40. Take young Muslims and invite them to sit with the elders.

Make them the center of attention.41. Give a tafseer class after Salah / ask someone knowledgeable42. (For men) On the days of Eid, offer perfume to those around

you43. Ask about the health of senior women in your group. Make sure

they are attended to.44. Focus hard on helping those immediately near you45. Take people to the slaughter house and help them / Or assist

them in purchasing their slaughter coupons46. Remember specific blessings Allah has bestowed upon you

and say Alhamdulillah


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47. Solat to Allah using his 99 most beautiful names (al Asmaa' al Husna)48. Use a Miswak49. Fill your pockets with candies and give to the children that you meet50. Always intend reward from Allah for everything you go through during Hajj


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Appendix 7A Woman's Guide to HAJJBy Muhammad al Shareef

Introduction

All praise is due to Allah. We praise Him, seek His help, and ask Hisforgiveness. We seek refuge in Allah from the evil of our souls, andthe adverse consequences of our deeds. Whoever Allah guides,there is none that can misguide him. And whoever He misguides,then none can guide him aright.

I bear witness that there is no deity that is worthy of worship exceptfor Allah; He is alone, having no partners. And I bear witness andtestify that Muhammad - sal Allaahu alayhi wa sallam - is His perfectworshipper and messenger.

The objective of this article is to give the Muslim woman a chance tosee those Fiqh rulings that are specific to her in Hajj - since many atime her rulings are lost in the general discussion of how to performHajj. In the end one should have a general idea of those things that awoman differs from men in performing the Hajj. Both men and womenshould be able to recognize these differences in ritual worship.

After having been given the opportunity - alhamdullilah - to performthe Hajj for a few years, the subject that came to mind for this courseof Fiqh Al-Kitaab is Sunnah and that of women in Hajj. Because ofthe lack of people who are experienced with the rites of Hajj fromNorth America, I wanted to give the Muslim woman a chance to lookspecifically at those things which she needs to focus on andunderstand.

To elucidate the Fiqh rulings specific to women in Hajj, I'll focus ontwo issues:

1. While in Ihram


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2. Ritual differences between men and women.

In conclusion, all praise is due to Allah, subhaanahu wa ta'ala. Allgoodness is from Him - Jalla wa a'ala - and no matter how much wepraise Allah it would not equal the blessings that He - subhaanahu wata'ala - bestowed upon us.

I thank the American Open University, with their diligent work inhelping to carry the message of Islam to homes all across the UnitedStates and abroad, for giving me the chance to study this topic andbenefit from it's contents.

And with special mention, I must thank my instructor Dr. HoucineChouat who responded favorably to the idea of this essay beingwritten in English, instead of the standard Arabic. May Allaah ta'alareward him, and the entire administration at the American OpenUniversity, with the best of reward and may they find safety on a Daywhen no wealth or children will avail, only those that came with asound heart. And our final solat is that to Allah belongs all praise.

1. While in Ihram

Should a woman shower upon entering the Meeqaat?

It is equally part of the Sunnah for a woman to shower before Ihramjust as it is for a man. In fact, in the case of women who at the timemay be experiencing Hayd or Nifaas, there is specific proof that sheshould take this shower.

Imam Muslim relates in his Saheeh that from Aisha - radi Allahu`anha - that she said, "Asmaa' bint `Umays had nifaas after givingbirth to Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr. This happened at Ash-Shajjarah (aplace near the Meeqat outside of Medinah). So Allah's Messenger -sal Allaahu alayhi wa sallam - directed that she should bathe andbegin the tahleel."


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In this regard of showering before Ihraam, the menstruating woman isin the same ruling as one who finds herself in Nifaas. Rasul Allah -sal Allaahu alayhi wa sallam - said, "If the Menstruating woman andthe one in Nifaas enter the time they should bathe and enter intoIhraam and complete all the rituals (like others) except Tawaf of the(Ka'bah)."

Showering

Abu Dawood and others narrated that Ibn Abbas - radi Allahu `anhu -asked Abu Ayyoob Al-Ansaari, "While he was in a state of Ihram, howdid Rasul Allah - sal Allahu alayhi wa sallam - wash his head?" AbuAyyoob (who was bathing at the time) replied by asking someone topour water on his head. He then rubbed his head with his hand, goingback and forth. He then said, "In such a way I saw the Prophet - salAllahu alayhi wa sallam - wash."

This narration is used by the scholars as proof that it is permissiblefor a male or female in Ihram to take a bath and pour water over theirhead and to pass their hand through their hair.

If the bath is needed because of sexual impurity (Janaabah), then thescholars agree that it is permissible. Even if the bath is desired to justcool off or for other non-essential reasons, the majority of scholarssay that it is permissible without any reservations.

Imam Ash-Shaafi'ee said - after narrating this incident about AbuAyyoob Al-Ansaari, "This is the opinion that we hold. A Muhrim maytake a bath whether it is due to sexual impurity or for other reasons.One may wash the head and soak the body with water."

However, some scholars have recommended that a woman shouldnot shower unless it is necessary. This is because she is in Ihramand busy with the actions of Hajj. In fact, to bathe during Ihram issimply an issue of permissibility, but there is no one that says that it isrecommended (Mustahab). To some scholars, it is morerecommended to remain dusty and disheveled.


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Imam An-Nawawee said, "It is more desirable that the pilgrim remaindusty and disheveled. The proof of this is the statement of Allah ta'ala[Then let them end their untidiness...] (22/29) and the statement ofRasul Allah - sal Allahu alayhi wa sallam: [Verily Allah boasts thepeople of Arafah to the inhabitants of the heavens, saying, `Look atmy slaves - they have come to me disheveled and dusty.']"

Combing one's hair during Ihram

It is Makrooh for a woman (or man) in Ihram to aggressively combtheir hair - causing excessive amounts of hair to fall out - or to brushun-necessarily. This is because doing so may lead to hair being cut -which is one of the forbidden acts when someone is in Ihram.

As for brushing lightly or scratching one's head, this ispermissible.There is a famous saying in the books of Fiqh where theysuggest that someone should scratch with the insides of their hands -i.e. softly.

Imam An-Nawawee said, "As for a Muhrim (someone in the state ofIhram), I do not know of any opinion that says he is not permitted toscratch his head. Rather, it is something permissible."

There is a phenomenon amongst some women which works as such:They tie up their head very tightly and do not un-tie it until their Hajj isover. When they are in need of making Wudu, instead of wiping theirhair they do wipe over their hijaab instead.Shaykh Salah As-Saawee, one of the directors at the American OpenUniversity, commented that doing this is an example of someoneplacing a hardship upon themselves, a hardship that the Shari'ahdoes not require. He said that when a person combs his hair lightly orscratches, the person is not held responsible for the dead hairs thatnaturally come out.


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The color of clothes a woman may wear in Ihram

It is permissible for the woman to wear any women's clothes shepleases which are not attractive or resemble the clothes of men, orare tight-fitting showing the dimensions of her limbs, or transparent -not concealing what is underneath, or too short - not covering herlegs or hands, but instead should be abundant, thick and wide.

Ibn al-Mundhir said, as quoted in al-Mughni:"There is consensusamong the scholars that the woman in Ihram can wear shirts, vests,baggy trousers, khimaars, and leather socks."

She does not have to wear a particular color (such as green) and caninstead wear any colors she desires from among those specific towomen (such as dark red, green or black). It is also permissible forher to change these colors if she wishes.

Wearing Jewelry in Ihram

It is permissible for women to wear jewelry while she is in a state ofIhram. It was narrated in Al-Bukhaari, that Umm Al-Mu'mineen Aisha- radiAllahu 'anha - used to not consider anything wrong with aMuhrimah wearing jewelry.

In Al-Mughni by Ibn Qudaamah, he says, "I heard from Ahmad, whoheard from Naafi' that the women (from the household) of Ibn Umarused to wear jewelry while they were in a state of Ihram. Ibn Umar(seeing this) would not forbid them."

Thus, it is apparent from the Madhhab of Imam Ahmad that it ispermissible for a woman in Ihram to wear jewelry.

This permissibility of wearing jewelry is also the opinion of theHanafiyyah and Maalikiyyah. They quote as their proof - in addition tothe above - the fact that wearing jewelry is an act of adornment and awoman in Hajj is not forbidden from adorning herself.


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Covering the face

A woman in Hajj should not cover her face or wear gloves, just as amale should not cover his head. There is no difference of opinion onthis issue, based on the clear statement of Rasul Allah - sal Allahualayhi wa sallam, "The Muhrimah (a female in Ihram) should notcover her face, nor should she wear gloves."

Having said that, it is permissible for her to cover her face if she fearsthe gaze of non-Mahram men upon her.

It was narrated that Umm Al-Mu'mineen Aisha - radi Allahu 'anha -said, "The riders would pass by us while we were with Rasul Allah -sal Allahu alayhi wa sallam - in a state of Ihram. When one of themwould ride next to us, we would take our Jilbaab and cover (comingdown with the cloth from our heads) our face. When the rider wouldpass, we would uncover once again."

Scholars have used this hadeeth to show that if a woman is in needof covering her face then it is permissible for her to do so. However,the Shaafi'iyyah set a condition to this covering saying that theNiqaab should not touch the women's face. This was also the opinionof Al-Qaadee from the Hanaabilah.

In actuality, this condition does not have overall agreement from thescholars. Ibn Qudaamah said in regards to this condition, "I have notfound this condition to be from (Imam) Ahmad, nor is it from theHadith. In fact, reality contradicts this condition. For verily, the cloththat covers over a women's face, rarely does it remain un-touching toher skin. Had this been a condition (that it should not touch her face)the Prophet - sal Allahu alayhi wa sallam - would have explained it."

Refuting the claims of those who claimed that the condition of thewomen's Niqaab in Hajj is that it not touch her face, Imam Ash-Showkaani used similar arguments as that of Imam Ibn Qudaamah.And Allah knows best.


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Touching one's spouse intimately or non-intimately

If a male in Ihram touches his wife with desire, or kisses her, then hewould be obliged to pay the Fidyah (penalty) - and the same would gofor women. This is the opinion of the Hanaabilah.

More so, the male is between two situations after touching his wife:either he releases some fluid or not. If he does not release anything,then the penalty for him is that he must slaughter a sheep. If he doesrelease something, then he must slaughter a camel.

As for the women in this situation, then perhaps her situation is that ofthe males. Ibn Qudaamah said, "The women is just like the male inthis respect."

The Hanafiyyah and Shaafi'iyyah said: It is Wajib for someone whokisses or touches his or her spouse with desire that they pay thefidyah - which is the slaughtering of a sheep. If they cannot find orafford the sheep, then they should alternatively either feed the poor orfast.

From what the Hanafiyyah and Shaafi'iyyah are saying, it seems thatthe same applies to women if they kiss or touch their husband withdesire.

2. Ritual Differences between men and Women

What is the ruling of women performing Hajj without a Mahram?

There are five general conditions before Hajj becomes compulsoryupon someone. These are that the person:- is Muslim- has reached the age of discernment- is of full mental capacity- is not a slave.- must be capable of completing the journey to Hajj, both physically

and financially.


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Both males and females share these conditions. However, theMuslim woman has an extra condition before she can be heldaccountable for not performing Hajj and that is the accompaniment ofa Mahram.

The Shaafi'iyyah states that Hajj is not obligatory upon a woman untilshe finds a male Mahram relative or a husband or a group of trustedwomen. If she finds any of the previous three, it is obligatory upon herto perform Hajj. If she cannot find one of the three, she is not obligedto perform the Hajj.

The condition that the Shaafi'iyyah holds for a woman to perform Hajjis that she must be able to perform the journey securely. This securitycan be found when a husband or a Mahram or a group of trustedwomen accompanies her.

In the popular opinion of the Madhhab, it is permissible for a womanto perform Hajj if she finds only one trusted women to take thejourney with. More so, they say it is permissible for her to travel aloneif she shall be safe and she fears nothing on the road. This is howthey understand the Ahaadeeth which forbids a woman from travelingalone.

However, if she has already performed her first obligatory Hajj andthis is a voluntary performance, then she is not permitted to travelalone -she must be accompanied by a husband or a Mahram. In thiscase, traveling with a group of trusted women is not permitted; this isthe more correct position in the Madhhab.The opinion of the Maalikiyyah is similar to that of the Shaafi'iyyah inthat they allow a woman who does not find a Mahram or husband totravel with a secure group. They add that this secure group may be agroup of men, a group of women, or a group made up of men andwomen.

In the Madhhab of Imam Ahmad, Hajj is not obligatory upon a womanwho does not find a mahram or husband to travel with her. In fact,


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Imam Ahmad specifically commented on this issue, as Abu Dawoodstates: I said to Ahmad, "A wealthy woman who does not find amahram to travel with her to perform Hajj, is Hajj Waajib upon her?"He said, "No."

They cited as proof for what the opinion that they took a selection ofAhaadeeth which we shall mention shortly.

The Hanafiyyah held an opinion similar to that of the Hanaabilah.They said that Hajj is not compulsory upon a woman who does notfind a mahram or husband to travel with. In addition to the followingahaadeeth, they said that for her to perform Hajj without maleassistance would expose her to situations that may very well harmher.

A Discussion of the Daleel

[The woman should not travel except accompanied by a mahram]

Hadeeth Adee in which the Prophet - sal Allaahu alayhi wa sallam -said to him "...if your life is prolonged, you shall live to see Adh-Dha'eenah (a woman) traveling from Al-Heerah (in Iraq) all the wayuntil she performs Tawaf of the Ka'bah, fearing no one except Allah."

They also cite Qiyaas. They compare a woman traveling alone to thatof a woman who converts to Islam in the land of the Kuffaar. Or aMuslim woman who may have escaped from the clutches of thedisbelievers - in both cases there is unanimous agreement that she ispermitted to travel alone. So should the case be in her traveling aloneto perform Hajj.

The Hanafiyyah and the Hanaabilah reject these proofs with theauthentic ahadeeth that forbade a woman from traveling alone. It istrue, they say, that the hadeeth of Adee is authentic, but it was astatement of the Prophet - sal Allaahu alayhi wa sallam - that did notamount to him sanctioning the act. Rather, it was an account to Adeeof what would happen in the future.


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As Imam Ash-Showkaani said, it is more befitting to take the hadeethto mean that such a thing would happen - not that it is permissible.This is so there would be no contradiction between it and theAhaadeeth that forbid women from traveling alone.

Should a woman raise her voice when saying the Talbiyah?

The talbiyah is a chant that someone performing Hajj recitesthroughout his or her Hajj rites. It includes the words: [I am here, OAllah, I am here. I am here, there is no God but you. I am here. Verily,all praiseand all blessings and all sovereignty belong to you. There is no Godbut you.]

It is a Sunnah to not only say this, but to chant it loudly.

As for women, they should not raise their voice above what is neededfor them to hear themselves.

Ibn Al-Mundhir - rahimahullaah - said, "There is a consensusamongst scholars that the Sunnah regarding women is that they donot have to raise their voice when chanting the Talbiyah. All she isrequired to do is to raise her voice enough so that she can hearherself. This is the opinion of Ataa', Malik, Al-Awzaa'ee, Ash-Shaafi'ee, and it is also the opinion of the Hannabilah and theHanafees. They feared that with her raising her voice, a fitnah makeoccur. For the same reason, it is not Sunnah for her to give theAdhaan for Salaah, nor the Iqaamah."

Shaykh Al-Albaanee - in his book Manaasik Al-Hajj wal ‘‘Umrah -said: In regards to the talbiyyah the ruling for the women is that of themen - as the two preceding hadith are general. They too should raisetheir voices as long, however, as there is no fear of fitnah.

A'isha used to raise her voice until the men could hear her. AbuAtiyyah said: "I heard A'isha saying, `Verily I know how was the


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talbiyyah of Rasul Allah.' I heard her after that saying:Labbaikallaahummalabbaika..."

And Qaasim ibn Muhammad said: Mu'aawiyyah went out at night andheard the voice of someone making talbiyyah, so he said: `Who isthat?" It was said: "`A'isha, Mother of the Believers, making `’’Umrahfrom at-Tan'eem." So that was mentioned to A'isha so she said: "If hehad asked me I would have told him."

What both men and woman perform equally in Tawaf

These are as follows:

1. The desirability of making dua, remembering Allah, or reciting Quran.

2. The desirability of touching the black stone or kissing it if its possible, on condition that a woman does not crowd the men in doing so. The same ruling applies to the Yemeni corner.

3. The permissibility of speaking if its necessary or with befitting speech.

4. The undesirability of eating or holding the urge to urinate, or pass wind, or having a strong desire for food and other things of this nature.

The Difference in Tawaf between men and women

In general, the method of performing Tawaf is the same for men andwomen. The agreed upon rule is that what is mentioned concerningthe men applies to the women so long as there is no specific proofwhich shows that her ruling is different.


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To review the aspects of Tawaf that apply to both men and women,one may refer to the many Fiqh books on this subject. Our concernhere is to illustrate the differences which are as follows:

1. Women should not jog in Tawaf

At the beginning of Tawaf, it is sunnah for the men to jog, known inArabic as Raml, the first three circumbulations around the Ka'bah.The woman is not required to do this.

Ibn Al-Mundhir said, "There is consensus amongst the scholars thatthe woman should not jog in Tawaf. Instead, she should do the Tawafwalking."

2. Al-Idtibaa' - uncovering the right shoulder

It is logically clear that a woman should not uncover her rightshoulder when performing Tawaf. Imam An-Nawawee said,"Uncovering the right shoulder is Sunnah for the men and notpermissible for the women. There is no difference of opinion on thismatter."

3. Nearing the Ka'bah

It is recommended that the women should not crowd themselves nearthe wall of the Kaabah, crushing themselves in to the men. Instead, awoman should perform her Tawaf on the outer circles of the Tawaf,away from the crowd.

This is recommended as a protection for her. However, if she isperforming Tawaf at a time when the crowd is light, she may draw asnear as she can to the Ka'bah.

This ruling is based on an incident that happened in which UmmSalamah -the wife of Allah's Messenger, sal Allahu alayhi wa sallam -complained of a sickness. He instructed her to perform the Tawafriding on a camel, behind the people.


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Ibn Hajjar, explaining this Hadith, said, "He instructed her suchbecause the Sunnah for the women is that they should distancethemselves from the men in Tawaf."

4. Performing Tawaf at Night

The scholars mentioned that it is desirable for a woman to delay herTawaf until night if she arrives in Makkah during the day. The reason,they say, is that this would be more protective for her and otherssince the crowd would be lighter at that time.

This ruling is illustrated by that which Imam al-Bukhaaree narratedfrom `Ataa' who said; Aisha -radiyAllaahu anha- use to perform tawafaway from the men, not crowding them. A woman said to her, "Let usgo, O Umm Al-Mumineen, to touch the black stone." Aisha declineduntil night came and then they went for tawaf. Whenever they wishedto perform tawaf they stood there until the crowd of men would be ontheir way out.

However, if she feels that she may be nearing her monthly cycle, it isbetter that she performs the Tawaf as soon as she can so that shedoes not miss it.

5. Crowding to kiss the black stone

It is desirable that a woman should not crowd with the men to kiss theblack stone. Instead, she should wave to it with her hand just like theperson who cannot reach it.

Imam An-Nawawee said, "Our Ulumaa' have said that it is notdesirable for a woman to kiss the black stone, nor to touch it, exceptat those times when the Tawaf area is light or empty, like during thenight or at other times. This is because in her crowding the men itwould bring hardship upon herself and hardship upon the men."

6. The difference in Sa'ee between men and women


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The method of performing Sa'ee, in general, is the same for men andwomen. However, there are basic differences in the etiquettes ofSa'ee between men and women.

As is explained in the books of Fiqh, it is not a must that aperson be clean from sexual impurity (Janaabah) or, forwomen, her monthly period in order to perform Sa'ee. Howeverthis issue needs a little clarification.

According to the Hanafi school of thought, it is only permissiblefor a woman in sexual impurity or her menses to perform theSa'ee if she has already performed the Tawaf in a state ofpurity. Meaning, if her menses started after the Tawaf then it isacceptable to continue with the Sa'ee.

However, scholars have disagreed with the Hanafi school ofthought on this issue for the following reason:

It was narrated by Bukhari that Umm Al-Mu'mineen Aisha - radiAllahu 'anha - said, "I arrived in Makkah and at the time I was inmy monthly period. I had not performed the Tawaf of the(Ka'bah), nor had I performed the (Sa'ee) between Safa andMarwah." She continues, "I mentioned this to Rasul Allah - salAllahu alayhi wa sallam - and he said to me, `Do as the Haaji(Hajj pilgrim) does other then performing Tawaf of the (Ka'bah)until you are clean.'"

In explaining this Hadith, Ibn Hajjar said:As for the acceptability of performing Sa'ee before Tawaf,scholars of Hadeeth considered it permissible, citing as theirproof the hadith of Usaamah ibn Shuraik in which a man cameto the Prophet - sal Allahu alayhi wa sallam - and said, "Iperformed Sa'ee before performing Tawaf." The Prophet - salAllahu alayhi wa sallam - replied, "Perform Tawaf, there is nodifficulty."


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Thus, a woman in her menses may perform all the rites of Hajjother then the Tawaf. And she may perform the Sa'ee beforeher Tawaf in accordance with the Hadith of Usaamah ibnShuraik and her Sa'ee with be correct and acceptable.

Those that forbade the woman from performing Sa'ee until shefirst becomes clean of her menses, placed a condition on herhas no basis. In reality, the proof we have mentioned rejectsthis opinion.

7. Jogging, between Safa and Marwa

Imam Ash-Shaafi'ee said, "A woman should not jog between Safaand Marwah, nor should she uncover her arm like a man. This isbecause she is seeking to come closer to Allah by covering andprotecting herself and jogging and uncovering would contradict that."

However, according to the scholars of the Shafi'ee school of thought,there are two opinions on this issue.

The first, which is the opinion of the majority, is that she shouldnot jog in the jogging area. Instead she should walk all throughout the distance from Mount Safa to Mount Marwah - whether itbe daytime or night time when no one is watching. This isbecause she is `Awrah and her fiqh is based on covering andprotecting herself.

The second, which is held by a minority, is that if she isperforming Sa'ee at night and there is no one watching, it isdesirable for her to jog in the area of jogging.

This is also the opinion of the Hanbali school of thought. IbnQudamah stated in Al-Mughni: A woman should not jog inTawaf or Sa'ee.


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Women leaving Muzdalifah early

Spending the night in Muzdalifah on the eve of the 10th of Dhul-Hijjahis just as much a part of Hajj for the women as it is for the men. Whenshe leaves the plain of Arafah, she does as the male would do inMuzdalifah - that is, she should join her Maghrib and Isha at the timeof Isha, remember Allah ta'ala and spend the night there.

Some scholars have noted that it is permissible for women who fearthe crowd of Muzdalifah (and the predicted crowd at the Jamarat thenext day) to leave early from Muzdalifah before Fajr. The defaultSunnah however is that a person should wait until after Fajr - after thesun has come up bright - to move on to Mina.

Following is an example of the many Ahadeeth that were narratedregarding this issue.

Firstly: Bukhari narrated from Aisha - radi Allahu 'anha - whosaid, "(Umm Al-Mu'mineen) Sowdah sought permission fromAllah's Messenger - sal Allahu alayhi wa sallam - to leaveMuzdalifah before him (i.e. before Fajr) and before the crush ofthe people, because she was heavy. He - sal Allahu alayhi wasallam - gave her permission."

Secondly: Muslim narrated from Umm Habibah - radi Allahu'anha - that theProphet - sal Allahu alayhi wa sallam - sent herfrom Muzdalifah during the night (before Fajr).

Thirdly: Muslim narrated from Ibn Abbaas - radi Allahu 'anhu -who said, "Allah's Messenger - sal Allahu alayhi wa sallam -sent me with the weak folk from Muzdalifah during the night(before Fajr)."

Fourthly: Muslim narrated that Ibn Umar - radi Allahu 'anhu -used to take the weak of his family to Muzdalifah. They wouldstand at al-Mash'ar al-Haraam in Muzdalifah at night,remembering Allah. Then before the Imam would move out


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(from Muzdalifah) they would leave before him. Some of themwould arrive in Mina before Fajr time (i.e. at Fajr time); otherswould arrive after that. When they would arrive, they wouldthrow their Jamaraat. Ibn Umar would comment, "Allah'sMessenger - sal Allahu alayhi wa sallam - granted permissionto these people."

Concerning the issue of leaving Muzdalifah halfway through the night,Imam Ash-Shaafi'ee - rahimahullah - said:

The Sunnah is that women and weak folk should move out ofMuzdalifah before Fajr - after half the night has passed, so that theymay throw their Jamaraat before the crowd arrives. This is based onthe hadith of Aisha - radi Allahu 'anha - in which she said, "(Umm Al-Mu'mineen) Sowdah sought permission from Allah's Messenger - salAllahu alayhi wa sallam -to leave Muzdalifah before him (i.e. beforeFajr) and before the crush of the people, because she was heavy. He- sal Allahu alayhi wa sallam - gave her permission."

This is also the opinion of the Hanbali school of thought. In Al-Mughniwe read: It is all right for women and weak folk to leave Mudalifahearly. From those who would allow their women and weak familymembers to precede them were AbdurRahmaan ibn `Owf and Aisha.This is the opinion of Ataa' and ath-Thowree and Ash-Shaafi'ee andAshaab Ar-Ra'I (the Hanafees). We do not know anyone that differswith this opinion, as it is an opinion that carries facility for the womenand weak folk and saves them from the hardship of the crowd, and itis also the permission of their Prophet - sal Allahu alayhi wa sallam.

Thus from the previous quotes we see that it was permissible for thewomen and weak folk to leave Muzdalifah during the night, i.e. beforeFajr and before the crowd arrived after Fajr. Those that enter into thispermission are the women and children and those in their situation.And Allah knows best.


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How much hair should a woman cut when coming out of Ihraam

Shaving one's head is one of the rites of Hajj and ‘‘Umrah. On thistopic, the following verse praises the state of the Muslims: [withshaved heads and trimmed]

The Hanafiyyah have said: to shave one's head or to trim it is aWaajib aspect of Hajj. This is also the Madhhab of the Maalikiyyahwho said: The shaving itself is Waajib, the trimming on the other handis sufficient.

The Shaafiyyah state: Our Madhhab is that shaving is a rite that oneis rewarded for performing - by performing it one leaves the first stageof Ihram, the tahallul al-Asghar. Thus, according to this, shaving ortrimming is a rukun by which Hajj or ‘‘Umrah is not accepted until it isperformed.

And according to the Hanaabilah, shaving or trimming is a rite fromthe rites of Hajj or ‘‘Umrah. Thus according to them it is Wajib. In thebook Al-Uddah sharh Al-Umdah, it states: ... And shaving the head isWajib because the prophet - sal Allaahu alayhi wa sallam - did it, thiscoupled with the Hadith, "Take from me your Hajj rituals."

Having said that, the question that begs to be asked now is: which isbetter for a man, to shave his head or trim it, i.e. going bald or using ano.2 clipper? And how is this preference viewed in regards to women.

As for men, it is better for them to shave their head. The proof for thisis the obvious order given in the verse [having shaved your headsand trimmed] because the Arabs would often begin with that whichmore important and preferred.

Also, this preference is based on the hadith in which the Prophet - salAllaahu alayhi wa sallam - said, "Oh Allah, be merciful to those thatshave." They asked, "what about those that trim O Messenger ofAllah?" He said, "O Allah, be merciful to those that shave." They


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asked, "what about those that trim O Messenger of Allah?" He said,"And those that trim."

And in another narration according to Muslim, he solat for those thatwould shave three times and those that would trim once.

Even he - sal Allaahu alayhi wa sallam - shaved his head during Hajj,and no doubt, Allah would never choose for his Prophet anythingother then that which is more preferred.

But having said that, there is no difference of opinion that it ispermissible to choose trimming instead of shaving. In Saheeh Muslimwith the explanation of Imam Nawawi it states: There is Ijmaa'(consensus) from the Ulumaa' that shaving is better then trimming,but that trimming is permissible.

Does this preference of shaving apply to women?

In al-Mughni, it states: There is no difference of opinion between thepeople of knowledge that the Sunnah for a woman is that she shouldonly trim her hair and not shave. Ibn Al-Mundhir said, "Theconsensus (Ijmaa') of the people of knowledge is that a womanshould trim and not shave. This is because shaving in a woman'scase would be considered mutilation."

And Ibn Hajjar - rahimahullaah - said, "As for women, the Sunnah isthat they should only trim their hair. There is Ijmaa' on this."

How much should a woman trim of her hair?

According to the Maalikiyyah, a woman should take from all her hairthe span of an Anmulah (a fingertip span, about 1 centimeter), or alittle bit more or less. Explaining this further, in Mawaahib Al-JaleelImam Maalik -rahimahullaah - said, "There is no set measurementaccording to us. Whatever a man or woman takes from their hair itwill be sufficient."


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The Hanabilah said; A woman should trim from her hair the span ofan Anmulah. Said Abu Dawud: I heard someone ask Ahmad aboutwhether a woman should cut from her entire head or not. He said,"Yes, she should join her hair together and then take from the ends ofher hair the span of an Anmulah."

An According to the Shafee'eeyah it is desirable for a woman to trimthe span of an Anmulah from all sides of her head. Al-Maawardeesaid, "She should not trim from the sides of her head because thatwill mar her. Instead she should lift up the hair and cut from thatwhich is underneath."

Having said this, according to the Shafee'eeyah, all that is sufficientfor both a man and a woman is three hairs whether they cut it orshave it. Nothing less than this is acceptable.

The Hanafeeyah said: What is meant by trimming is that a man or awoman should take from at least a quarter of the hair of their head,the span of an Anmulah. Meaning, they should take from all of thathair this measurement. They also said, it is wajib to cut a little morethan thespan of an Anmulah so that for sure at least an Anmulah was cut.

A woman receives her menses before her performance of TawafAl-Ifaadah

This issue which comes up very often is as such: What if a womangets her Menses, has not performed her Tawaf Al-Ifaadah, and is in asituation where she has to leave Makkah. What should she do?

It needs to be said that being free from menses is a condition for awoman who wants to perform any Tawaf. Thus, with this in mind, if awoman performs Tawaf while in her menses her Tawaf will not bevalid.

This is based on the authentic hadeeth that Umm Al-Mu'mineenAisha - radi Allahu 'anha - said, "I arrived in Makkah and at the time I


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was in my monthly period. I had not performed the Tawaf of the(Ka'bah), nor had I performed the (Sa'ee) between Safa and Marwah.I mentioned this to Rasul Allah - sal Allahu alayhi wa sallam - and hesaid to me, `Do as the Haaji (Hajj pilgrim) does other then performingTawaf of the (Kaabah) until you are clean.'"

This hadith makes it crystal clear that a woman in her menses cannotperform any Tawaf until she has completed her period. What sheshould do is wait in Makkah until she completes her period, washesup, and then goes and performs her Tawaf.

Her Mahram should stay with her during this time. This is based onthe Hadith in which Umm Al-Mu'mineen Aisha - radi Allahu 'anha -said to Allah's Messenger - sal Allahu alayhi wa sallam - "Safiyyahbint Huyayy has received her period." He replied, "She may beblocking us from leaving (then). Did she not perform Tawaf with you(i.e. the women)?" Aisha said,"Yes (she did)." He said, "Then youmay go."

On these lines, the scholars and the Muslims in the early generationswould not leave Makkah until the menstruating women in their groupgot a chance to complete their period and perform Tawaf Al-Ifaadah.As the Prophet - sal Allahu alayhi wa sallam - said, ""She may beblocking us from leaving (then)."

Abu Hurayrah - radi Allahu 'anhu - used to say: An Ameer who is notan Ameer, who is it? It is a woman with a group of people whoreceives her period before performing Tawaf Al-Ifaadah. They,because of her, will be forced to stay until she completes her periodand performs the Tawaf.But what happens if, due to circumstances out of her control, awoman cannot stay in Makkah until her period is over in order toperform Tawaf Al-Ifaadah? She would have one of three scenarios:

One: She may cut off her Hajj and go home with no Hajj.


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Two: She may perform Tawaf even though she has her periodbecause of the dire necessity she is in. Or...

Three: If she leaves without performing Tawaf Al-Ifaadah thenshe would still be in Ihram. Her husband would not be Halal forher until she returned to Makkah and made up the Tawaaf.

Many scholars have debated over the solution to this problem.Perhaps the most merciful scenario and that which is closer to theprinciples of the Shari'ah is scenario two in which she performs Tawafeven though she has her period due to the dire necessity.

Shaykh Al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah gave the following Fatwa: A womanin her period should do the Hajj rites that she is capable of. What shehas no control over is forgiven - thus she may perform Tawaf (eventhough she is in her period). She should shower as she showers forIhraam, in fact this situation is more deserving, and she should wrapherself tightly as she would during Istihaadah blood, in fact thissituation is more deserving.

This is what the texts (of the Qur'aan and Sunnah) point to, inaddition to the principles of the Shari'ah. With this opinion nocontradiction is made with Islamic principles.

The texts point to Tahaarah being a Wajib aspect of Tawaf. Such asthe statement of Allah's Messenger - sal Allahu alayhi wa sallam:"The menstruating woman should perform all the rites of Hajj exceptthe Tawaf." This is a general Wajib.

But we know from the principles of Shari'ah that an issue is Wajibonly if the person is capable of performing it. As Allah ta'ala says inthe Qur'an [Thus, Fear Allah as much as you are able]. And as theMessenger of Allah - sal Allahu alayhi wa sallam - said, "If I commandyou with something then do what you are capable of."

The most Tahaarah is in Tawaf is that it is a condition. At the sametime we know that in Salah if a person is not able to be in a state of


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Tahaarah due to some external situation out of their control they areallowed to solat without it. Case in point: The Salah of a woman inIstihaadah or someone who cannot control their urine may performSalah regardless.

If this is the case - where the conditions of Salah are forgiven when aperson cannot fulfill them - then the conditions of Tawaf should alsobe forgiven when someone cannot fulfill them. In fact, the situation ofTawaf is more deserving of this ruling.

In any other solution (either she cancels her Hajj or tries to comeback in the future, remaining in Ihram until she does) there is a hugehardship on her. And hardship is cancelled in Shari'ah.

As for those who say she may perform the Tawaf in her state, but shemust pay a penalty for it - our opinion is that there is no penalty. Thisis because the Wajib, if a person is not blame-worthy for notperforming it, then there is no penalty upon them. This is differentthen when someone leaves a Wajib due to forgetfulness, orignorance, or intentionally.

The menstruating woman did not leave this Wajib in this case due toa blame-worthy reason. She could not fulfill the Wajib due to hermenses, which is something that does not begin according to her willand desire.Thus there is no penalty upon her.

Thus, if a woman has received her period before she has performedTawaf Al-Ifaadah, she must remain in Makkah until she is clean andthen go and perform it.

If in special circumstances and under dire necessity she needs toleave Makkah before completing her period, then according to somescholars - like Shaykh Al Islam Ibn Taymiyyah - she may perform herTawaf even though she has her period and there is no penalty uponher. And Allah knows best.

Does a menstruating woman need to perform Tawaf Al-Wadaa'?


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If a woman receives her menses before she has completed herTawaf Al-Wadaa' (her farewell Tawaf) and she has already done herTawaf Al-Ifaadah, then she may leave Makkah without performing theWadaa'. There is no penalty for her to do this.

This is the opinion of the general body of scholars. This facilitation isproved by the authentic statement of Ibn Abbaas - radi Allahu 'anhu -in which he said, "The people were commanded that the last thingthey do (in Makkah) is Tawaf, except for the menstruating woman thecommand was lightened."

Moreover, in the hadith in which Aisha told the Prophet - sal Allahualayhi wa sallam - about Safiyyah's menses, he asked her if sheperformed Tawaf Al-Ifaadah. When Aisha said that she had, theProphet - sal Allahu alayhi wa sallam - said that they would not beheld back, meaning, she was allowed to leave Makkah withoutperforming Tawaf Al-Wadaa'.

Also, there is no penalty upon a woman in doing this for the Prophet -sal Allahu alayhi wa sallam - did not make mention of any penaltyupon Safiyyah.

Conclusion

The goal of this article is to distinguish the Fiqh rulings that arespecific to women in Hajj. These rulings are divided and organizedinto two basic chapters, one dealing with the Ihram of a woman, theother discussing the ritual differences between men and women.

We learnt that it is equally part of the Sunnah for a woman to showerbefore Ihram just as it is for a man and that this ruling is not differentfor a woman in her Hayd or Nifaas. We learnt that showering duringIhram was permissible and that a person may pour water on their hairand rub lightly their head.


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Additionally, we learnt that a woman may wear any color of clothing,as long as it meets the Islamic standard of modest dress. And shemay wear jewelry. She should uncover her face while in Ihram, but ifshe fears the gaze of non-Mahram men upon her, she may cover herface as the wives of the Prophet - sal Allaahu alayhi wa sallam - usedto do. And they should not touch their spouse with desire.

In the segment on on male/female ritual differences, we learnt that awoman should not travel to Hajj without the company of a Mahram.She should not raise her voice excessively when saying the Talbiyah.

Concerning the Tawaf, she differs with the men in that she should doraml (jogging) for the first three circumbulations, she should notuncover her right shoulder, and she should not crowd the men intrying to get near the Kaabah or to kiss the black stone. And it isdesirable for her to choose a time when there will be a less crowded.

Regarding the Sa'ee, we learnt that being clean of menses is not arequirement, and that a woman may perform it even if she is in hermenses. It is not required for her to run in the valley of Safa andMarwah.

We learnt that it is a Prophetic permission for the women and theweak folk to leave Muzdalifah early. Also, that shaving the head isonly preferred for men and that women should not cut more then acentimeter of hair from the tips of her braids.

In detail, we discussed the situation of a woman who receives herHayd before her performance of Tawaf Al-Ifaadah. She should waituntil she completes her Hayd to perform it, and her Mahram shouldstay with her. If for dire circumstances she needs to leave Makkah,we learnt that some scholars gave the fatwa that she may shower,wrap herself tightly, and perform the Tawaf even with her menses.But this should only sought when the necessity is sincere.

And finally, we learnt that a woman who receives her menses beforeperforming Tawaf Al-Wadaa does not have to wait in Makkah until


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she completes her menses. She may leave without performing it, asshown in the Sunnah of Rasul Allah - Sal Allaahu alayhi wa sallam.

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AbdulBaaqee, Muhammad Fu'aad. Al-Mu'jam al-Mufahras. Daar at-Turaathal-Arabee, Beirut. 1982.Abu Daawood, Muhammad ibn Yazeed al-Qazweenee. Sunan AbeeDawood, ed Izzat ad-Di'aas. Daar Ihyaa' at-Turaath al-Àrabee,Beirut. 1391HAl-Albaanee, Muhammad Naasir Ad-Deen Saheeh Abee Dawood. Al-Maktab Al-Islaami, Beirut. 1991.Al-Baghawee, Husayn ibn Mas'ood. Sharh As-Sunnah, ed. Shu'aybal-Arna'oot. Al-Maktab al-Islaamee, Beirut. 1391H.An-Nasaa'ee, Abu AbdurRahmaan Ahmad ibn Shu'ayb. Sunan An-Nasaa'ee. Daar al-Fikr, Beirut. 1348H.At-Tirmidhee, Muhammad ibn Èesaa. Sunan At-Tirmidhee, ed Izzatad-Di'aas. Dar Ad-Da'wah, Homs. 1385H.DerDeer, Ahmad ibn Muhammad. Ash-Sharh al-Kabeer àlaMukhtasar Khaleel, printed with Haashiyat Ad-Dosooqee, Dar Al-Fikr.Fowzaan, Saaleh bin Abdullaah. Tanbeehaat àla Ahkaam taKhussal-Mu'minaat. Wazzaarat Ash-sho'oon al-Islaamee, KSA, 1421.Hattaab, Muhammad ibn AbdurRahmaan. Mawaahib al-Jaleel li-sharh Mukhtasar Khaleel, Dar Al-Fikr 1398 H.Ibn Hajjar, Ahmad ibn Alee. Fath al-Baaree Sharh Saheeh al-Bukhaaree, ed. Muhammad Fu'aad AbdulBaaqee andMuhibbudDeen al-Khateeb. Daar ar-Rayyaan litturaath, Cairo. 1988.Ibn Hanbal, Ahmad. Al-Musnad, ed. Ahmad Shaakir. Daar al-Ma'aarif, Egpyt.1373H.Ibn Katheer, Ismaa'eel. Tafseer al-Qur'aan al-Adheem, ed. AbdulÀzeezGhunaym, Aashoor and Al-Banna. As-Sha'b.Ibn Taymiyyah, Ahmad ibn ÀbdulHaleem. Majmoo' FataawahShaykh ul-IslaamIbn Taymiyyah, ed. AbdurRahmaan ibn Qaasim. Matba'at al-Hukoomah, Riyadh.1381H.


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Kaasaanee, Abu Bakr ibn Masood. Badaa'I as'Sanaa'I fee tarteebash-Sharaa'I, Daar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut, 1406 H.Nawawee, Yahya ibn Sharaf. Al-Majmoo' sharh al-Muhadhdhab,Daar al-Fikr.Philips, Abu Ameenah Bilal. Islamic rules on menstruation and post-natalbleeding. Dar Al Fatah, UAE, 1995.Qudaamah, Abdullaah ibn Ahmad. Al-Mughni, ed. Dr. Abdullah at-Turkee and Dr. AbdulFattaah al-Hilu.Shaafi'ee, Muhammad ibn Idrees. Al-Umm, Daar al-Ma'rifah, Beirut.Zaydaan, AbdulKareem. Al-Mufassal Fee Ahkaam Al-Mar'ah,Mu'assasatir-Risaalah, Beirut, 1997.Al-Majmoo' 8/213; Al-Mughni 3/293Saheeh Muslim with the Sharh of Nawawi 8/133Sunan Abee Dawood 5/168Sunan Abee Dawood 5/292. See also Al-Umm by Imam AshShaafi'ee 2/145-146Al-Umm 2/136Al-Majmoo' 7/364Al-Majmoo' 7/358Al-Mughni 3/328See Tanbeehaat `ala Ahkaam taKhuss al-Mar'ah by Dr.Saleh Al-Fawzaan, p.75Saheeh Al-Bukhari with Al-Fath 3/405.Al-Mughni 3/330Badaa'I As-Sanaa'i 2/186; Ash-Sharh al-Kabeer wa Haashiyat Ad-Dusooqee 2/59.Bukhari, Kitaab As-Sayd, hadith 13.Sunan Abee Dawood 5/286; See also Al-Mughni 3/326 and Nayl Al-Awtaar 5/6.Al-Mughni 3/326Nayl Al-Awtaar 5/6.Al-Mughni 3/338-339Al-Badaa'I 2/195; Al-Majmoo' 7/293-294Bukhaaree, Kitaab As-Salaah 2/43; Muslim 4/102Bukhaaree, with fath al-Baaree 6/610-611.Nayl Al-Awtaar, Showkaani 4/291.


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Bukhari and Muslim (8,88)See Al-Mughni 3, 330-331.See Manasik Al-Hajj wal ‘‘Umrah, by Shaykh Al-Albaani pt. 17-18.Al-Majmoo' 8/67Al-Majmoo' 7/365See the hadith and the commentary in Fath Al-Baaree 3/481Al-Bukhaari with Al-Fath 3/480-481See Al-Majmoo' 7/365; Al-Mughni 3/372; Kashshaaf al-Qinaa' 1/604Al-Mughni 3/372Al-Majmoo' 8/39Bada'I as-Sanaa'I 2/135Al-Bukhaari with Al-Fath 3/503-504Al-Bukhaari with Al-Fath 3/505Al-Umm by Imam Ash-Shaafi'ee 2/176. The Raml that he is speakingabout is a jog that the Prophet - sal Allaahu alayhi wa sallam - did inthe valleybetween Safa and Marwah. Today, the beginning and end of thatvalley ismarked by green lights.Al-Majmoo' 8/84Al-Mughni 3/317See Al-Bukhari, Kitaab Al-Hajj (98). And in Fath Al-Baaree 3/526-527.Muslim with Sharh An-Nawawee 9/40Muslim with Sharh An-Nawawee 9/40Muslim with Sharh An-Nawawee 9/41See Al-Bukhari in Al-Hajj 98; Muslim in the chapter of Hajj, 293-295;andMusnad Ahmad 6/30. The quote can be found in Al-Majmoo' 8/131and MughniAl-Muhtaaj 1/500.Al-Mughni 3/423See Fath Al-Baaree 3/527-528; Nayl Al-Awtaar 5/64-65.Surah Al-Fath 48/27Al-Badaa'I 2/140AshSharh Al-Kabeer 2/46Al-Majmoo' 8/152Al-Umdah Sharh Al-Umdah p.207


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Surah Al-Fath 48/27Bukhaaree 3/446; Muslim (1301)Saheeh Muslim 9/52Al-Mughni 3/435Al-Mughni 3/435; Al-Majmoo' 8/161; Al-Badaa'i 2/140Saheeh Muslim bi Sharh An-Nawawi 9/49Al-Mughni 3/349Fath Al-Baaree 3/562Haashiyat Ad-Dusooqee 2/46Mawaahib Al-jaleel 3/129Al-Bukhaari with Al-Fath 3/503-504Al-Bukhaari 3/203Majmoo' al-Fataawa Shaykh Al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah 26/224Non-menstrual blood a woman sees outside of her period ~AuthorMajmoo' Al-Fataawa Ibn Taymiyyah 26/225-241See al-Mufassal fee Ahkaam Al-Mar'ah by AbdulKareem Zaydaan2/200See this issue in Al-Bukhaari with Al Fath 3/585-587; Al-Mughni3/461;Badaa'i As-Sanaa'i 2/142; Al-Majmoo' 8/196-197.


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Appendix 8Tawaf Is a Cosmic Law By Prof. Dr. Ahmad Fouad Pasha

Allah Almighty says: [And He it is Who created the night and theday, and the sun and the moon. They float, each in an orbit. ] (Al-Anbiyaa' 21: 33)

This glorious verse refers to a scientific fact concerning the system ofthe universe. Scientific discoveries have proved that we live in a hugeuniverse that depends on revolution. The earth revolves round thesun once a year, the moon revolves around the earth once per lunarmonth, and the other planets of the solar system also revolve roundthe sun, each in its own orbit. Besides, most of these planets havemoons that revolve around them, each, also, in its own orbit.Astronomers have discovered more than 60 of these moons so far.

The solar system, likewise, orbits a center of our galaxy, the MilkyWay. This galaxy consists of more than 130 billion stars. Galaxies, inturn, revolve round a center that only Almighty Allah knows.

The law of revolution applies also to atoms, the smallest units ofelements that cannot be seen even by microscopes. An atom iscomposed of a nucleus whose diameter is less than a millionth of amillimeter. An atom is surrounded by electrons that move round theatom in an orbit. Since all matter in the universe-whether solid, liquid,or gaseous-consists of atoms, this means that the law of revolutionapplies to everything: stars, planets, moons, animals, plants, sand,seas, air, and so on.

This includes cells as well. The cytoplasm in the cell moves aroundthe nucleus.

There is a common factor between the orbital movements of all theobjects referred to above, this is, their revolution is counterclockwise.Contemplating the above lines, we come to realize that revolution is acosmic law.


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With a believer's meditation upon such a scientific fact, anotherimage of revolution is brought to one's mind: the pilgrims'circumambulation of the Ka`bah, which is a basic ritual of Hajj inIslam.

Circumambulating the Ka`bah is a symbolic act of worship, whosewisdom may be hidden from some. It indicates the believers' uttersubmission to Almighty Allah alone. The pilgrims go to Hajj inresponse to the divine order that Prophet Abraham (peace andblessings be upon him) conveyed to people. Allah Almighty says:[And (remember) when We prepared for Abraham the place ofthe (holy) House, saying: Ascribe thou no thing as partner untoMe, and purify My House for those who make the round (thereof)and those who stand and those who bow and make prostration.And proclaim unto mankind the pilgrimage. They will come untothee on foot and on every lean camel; they will come from everydeep ravine. ] (Al-Hajj 22: 26-27)

This signifies that the Ka`bah is the spiritual center of the believers. Itrefers to the close bond that should be between a believer and hisLord. A believer turns toward the Ka`bah five times a day during theprescribed ritual Prayers.

A pilgrim circumambulates the Ka`bah as if he or she is a celestialbody orbiting another greater body. Circumambulation of the Ka`bahis to be performed counterclockwise. This indicates that there is ajoint factor between a pilgrim's expressing his ultimate faith inAlmighty Allah by circumambulating the Ka`bah in that way andbetween the cosmic law of revolution discussed above. This indicatesthat there is consistency between the obligations of worship in Islamand the natural laws that govern the universe, which indicates thatthey all belong to only one source, that is, Almighty Allah.

This proves the truthfulness of the call of Islam that there is no godbut Almighty Allah. Thus, Islam is the true religion that provideshumankind with a comprehensive view in conformity with the divinetruth that is apparent in the natural laws of the universe.


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Appendix 9Supplications at Mina, Arafah, MuzdalifahCompiled from various sources

Between Mina & ArafahO Allah, let my Hajj be accepted, free of hypocrisy and showing off.

At Arafah

The pilgrims standing at Arafah should implore Allah, the Most High,in full submission, humility and obedience. They should implore Allahto accept their deep repentance and regret for the sins theycommitted. They should preoccupy themselves with theremembrance of Allah, Talbyah and implore Allah to shower Hisblessing on the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) until nightfall.

" O my Lord! Make me not unblessed in my supplications for You andbe kind and merciful to me. O Allah! You are the best to be asked, thebest Provider.

Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said, "The best supplicationon the Day of Àrafah and the best thing that I and the Prophetsbefore me said is: There is no Deity worthy of worship but AllahAlone. He has no partners. To Him alone belong the Kingdom and allpraise. He has power over all things."

On the Day of Àrafah, Al-Zubair bin Al- 'Awwam heard the Prophetreciting this verse, "There is no God but He: that is the witness ofAllah, His angels, and those endued with knowledge, standing firm onjustice. There is no God but He, the Exalted in Power, the Wise."

Among the supplications attributed to the Prophet (peace be uponhim) on the Day of Àrafah: All praise belongs to You, O Allah! as wesay and better than what we can say. O Allah! My prayers, myworship, my life and my death are all for You. To You is my return, to


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You belongs what I own. O Allah! I seek refuge with You from thetorment of the grave, the evil thoughts, confusion, and from whateverthe wind may bring, from the evil that takes place during the day ornight, and from the affliction of Time.

O Allah! You hear my words, see my place, know my private andopen counsels and nothing of mine is withheld from You. I am awretched, poor, seeker of help and refuge. I confess my sin but askYou to forgive just like the poor (who begs from the rich). I imploreYou importunely like the humble sinner. I render my supplications toYou like a scared person might supplicate. Such supplications areuttered by one whose head is bowed to You in submission, to You histears are shed. For Your sake he forsakes his body and denies hiswill.

There is no deity worthy of worship but Allah Alone. He has nopartner.To Him belong the Kingdom and all praise, and He has powerover all things. O Allah! place light (guidance) in my heart, in mychest, in my ears, and in my sight. O Allah! Open my chest and easemy work. O Allah! I seek refuge with you from evil thoughts, fromconfusion, from the trial of the grave, from the evil that takes placeduring the day or night, from the evil carried by the winds, and fromthe affliction of Time.

Some Supplications which may Be Recited At 'Arafat, at theSacred Sites, and at Other Places of Supplication

O Allah! I ask of You integrity and soundness in my religion, my life,my family, and my possessions, O Allah! Cover my shame, pacify myfears, guard me from what is in front of me and behind me, from whatis on my right and on my left, over my head and under my feet. OAllah! Grant health to my body. O Allah grant health to my hearing. OAllah! Grant health to my sight. There is no deity except You. O Allah!I seek refuge in You from unbelief and poverty, and from thepunishment of the grave. There is no deity except You.


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O Allah! You are my Lord. There is no deity except You. You are myCreator and I am your creature. I try to keep my covenant with Youand to live in the hope of Your promise as well as I can. I seek refugein You from my own evil deeds. I acknowledge Your favors to me;and I acknowledge my sins. Forgive me my sins, for there is no onewho can forgive sins except You. O Allah! I seek refuge in You fromworry and sorrow. I seek refuge in You from impotence and sloth,from stinginess and cowardice, and I seek refuge in You from theburden of debt and from being humbled by men.

O Allah! Make the beginning of this day good, the middle prosperous,and the end successful. I ask You to grant me the good of this worldand of the Hereafter, O Most Merciful of all Who show us mercy

O Allah! I ask of You to make me pleased with what You decreed forme return to good life after death, and I earnestly seek the pleasureof looking at Your Glorious Countenance and the craving to meetyou, without distress or affliction or misguiding trial. I seek refuge inYou from oppressing others or being oppressed, from doing wrong orsuffering wrong, and from committing an error or a sin which You willnot forgive.

O Allah! I seek refuge in You from the feebleness of old age.

O Allah! Guide me to the best of deeds and the best of morals, asnone can guide to the best except You, and save me from bad deeds,as none can save me from what is bad except You.O Allah! Strengthen my faith, expand my living space, and bless mein my livelihood.

O Allah! I seek refuge in You from negligence, degradation anddestitution; I seek refuge in You from unbelief, wickedness, vanityand show; and I seek refuge in You from blindness, deafness andleprosy and bad diseases. O Allah! Give my soul piety and myconscience purity. You are the Master of my soul and the Guardian ofmy conscience. O Allah! I seek refuge in You from a knowledgewhich does not benefit, from a heart which does not tremble, from an


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ego which is not sated, and from a supplication which is notaccepted.

O Allah! I seek refuge in You from the evil of what I did and from theevil of what I did not do; from the evil of what I know and from the evilof what I did not know O Allah! I seek refuge in You from a decline inYour favor, from a change in Your protection, from Your suddenpunishment and all Your displeasure.

O Allah! I seek refuge in You from ruin and falling, from drowning andburning, and from senility: I seek refuge in You from Satan's beguilingme at my death; and I seek refuge in You from being bitten byvenomous creatures. I seek refuge in You from greed, bad manners,bad actions, bad desires and bad diseases. I seek refuge in You fromthe burden of debt, from being humbled by people, and from theridicule of enemies.

O Allah! Strengthen my religion which is my fortress, make this worlda better place of sojourn for me, and grant me a good life in theHereafter which will be my abode. Make my life Increase in allgoodness and my death a rest from all evil.

O Allah! Support me and help me, and do not let others overpowerme; guide me and make the following of Your Commands easy forme.

O Allah! make me grateful to You, mindful of You, full of fear towardYou, devoted to obedience of You, humble before You, earnest insupplication, and penitent. My Lord, accept my repentance, washaway my sins, answer my supplication, establish my veracity, guidemy heart, make my tongue truthful, and remove all ill feeling from myheart.

O Allah! I ask You for a resolute mind and firmness in following theguidance. I ask You to make me thankful for Your favor, to be of goodservice to You, and to grant me a sound heart and a truthful tongue. Iask You to grant me what You know to be good and to give me


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refuge from what is evil, and to forgive me - and You are the Knowerof the Unseen.

O Allah! Inspire me with good conduct and save me from the evil ofmy selfishness. O Allah! I ask You to guide me to the doing of gooddeeds and abstaining from bad deeds and love those who arehumble, and to forgive me and show mercy to me. And if You wish atrial for Your servants, take me to You before falling into it.

O Allah! I ask You for Your love and the love of those who love You,and for the love of every action which will bring me closer to Yourlove.

O Allah! I ask You the best of the request for the best in mysupplication, for the best success and the best reward, strengthenme, make heavier my balance of good, confirm my faith, elevate myrank, accept my worship, and forgive my mistakes, and I ask of Youthe highest ranks in the Garden of Paradise. I ask You for goodbeginnings, good endings, the totality of goodness, from the first tothe last, from within and from without, and I ask of You the highestranks in the Garden.

O Allah! I ask You to exalt my fame, lighten my burden, purify myheart, keep me chaste, forgive me my sins, and I ask of You a highrank in the Garden. O Allah Bless me in my sight, in my hearing, inmy soul, in my body, in my conduct; bless me in my life, in my family,in my work; accept my good deeds, and I ask of You a high rank inthe Garden.

O Allah! I seek refuge in You against difficulties, calamities, troubles,oppression and the ridicule of enemies.

O Allah! O Controller of the Hearts!; Keep my heart firm in Yourreligion; keep it contented with Your worship.


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O Allah! Grant us increase and not decrease, honor and not dishonor;give us Your favors and do not deprive us; prefer us, let not others bepreferred to us.

O Allah! Grant us the best of outcomes in all our affairs, and save usfrom disgrace in this world and from punishment In the Hereafter.

O Allah! Grant us such fear of You as will come between us and actsof disobedience to You; such obedience to You as will bring us toYour Garden; and such certainty that the calamities of this world willbe made easy for us by You. Let us enjoy our hearing, our sight andour faculties as long as You grant us life, and let it be the last to betaken away from us. Avenge us from those who have wronged usand help us against our enemies. Let no calamity befall our religion;let not worldly affairs be our greatest care or all about which we know;and Let not those who have no fear of You and who do not showmercy toward us rule over us.

O Allah! I ask You to bestow Your mercy on me, to forgive me, toprotect me from every sin, to give me a share of every good, and togrant me the attainment of the Garden and salvation from the Fire.

O Allah! Leave not for us a sin which You have not forgiven, nor ashortcoming which You have not concealed, nor a wary which Youhave not removed, nor a debt which You have not paid, nor a needfrom among the needs of this world or the Hereafter, the fulfillment ofwhich is beneficial for us and pleasing to You, which You have notfulfilled, O Most Merciful of all show us mercy!

O Allah! I ask for a mercy from You by which You will guide my heart,settle my affairs, remove my worries, protect me from what is unseento me, make my face radiant, purify my deeds, inspire me withwisdom, avert calamities from me, and protect me from every evil.

O Allah! I ask You for success on the day of judgment, and a life ofhappiness, and the rank of the martyrs, the companionship of theprophets, and victory over the enemies. O Allah! I ask You for


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correctness of belief; for a faith which leads to good conduct; for asuccess which results in eternal felicity: for mercy, health andforgiveness from You, and for Your pleasure.

O Allah! I ask You for health, for integrity, for good character, and thatI may be pleased with my portion.

O Allah! I seek refuge in You from the evil of my self, and from theevil of every creature which You are grasping by its forelock. O myLord, keep me on the straight path.

O Allah! You hear my words, You behold my situation. You knowwhat is open and what is hidden within me; nothing is hidden fromYou. It is me alone who is in need, a humble seeker of Yourforgiveness. I beseech You with humility in my heart, with tremblingand fear, in prostration and utter helplessness. O Allah! Grant mesoundness of belief, goodness of character, forgiveness of my sins,and Your eternal pleasure in the Hereafter. May Allah's blessings beupon Muhammad and his family and Companions.

Between Arafah & MuzdalifahTalbiyyah

MinaIt was the habit of the Prophet (peace be upon him) when he finishedTalbiah to ask Allah to grant him forgiveness, contentment andsalvation from Hell Fire.


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Appendix 10Zam-ZamCourtesy: AL-ISLAAH PUBLICATIONS ( www.everymuslim.net )

THE HISTORY OF ZAM-ZAM WATER

ZAM-ZAM Water is a refreshing, sweet, pleasant tasting, easydigestible, boundlessly blessed, virtuous and honourable water. Itenjoys such blessings and virtues, which no other water can becompared to.

Basis of nomenclature:The word 'zam-zam' originates from the word 'zumaazim', for whichthe following is recorded as its meanings: "Excessive water, far-reaching humming sound, the gathering of a scattered thing, toprotect, the water of zam-zam or zam-zaam or zuwaa- zim is themixture of sweet and brackish water." (Lisaanul Arab, vol. 12, page275)

In the initial stages of this well, a far-reaching humming sound couldbe heard, hence the name 'Zam-Zam'. According to lmaam Nawawi(rahrnatullahi alaih), the name 'Zam-Zam' was given owing to theexcessiveness and large quantity of the water, because the words:'Zam-Zam','Zam-Zoom' and 'Zamaa-Zirn' are said at the time ofexcessive water. (Muslim Shareef, vol.1, page 400)

Other names for 'Zam-Zam':Just as 'Zam-Zam' has many virtues and benefits, similarly, it hasmany names, The following names are recorded in "Lisaanul Arab":"Zam-zam, Maktoomah, Maghnoonah, Shubaaghanah, Suqyaa, Ar-ruwaa, Rakdhatu Jibraeel, Hazmatu Jibraeel, Shifaa-u-Suqm,Ta'aam-u-Tu'am, Hafeer-atu Abdil Mutallib, Zam-zaam, Zawaa-zim"(LisaanulArab,vol.15, page 166)

It is reported frorn Hadhrat Abdullaah lbn Abbaas (radhiallaahu anhu)that during the era of ignorance it was known as 'Shubaa'a'. (Akhbaar


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Makkah, page 291). Imaam Zubaidi (rahmatuilahi alaih) states that ifthe various names of 'Zam-zam' are gathered from the AhaadithKitaabs and dictionaries, it will total up to 60 names. (Taajul Uroos,vol.8, vol.328)

The water of zam-zam is that well / spring which was a comfort andsaviour of Hadhrat Haajira, when she was grieved and hopeless. Itwas the wondrous miracle of Hadhrat Jibraeel-e-Ameen (alaihisalaam), which is satiating the thirst of the believers of Tauheed,since 2000 years before Hadhrat Isaa (alaihi salaam). The magneticeffect of this incomparable water attracted the Banu Jurhum to itsfriends (Hadhrat Ismaeel and Haajira- alaihimus salaam) and madethem a companion to them, and turned this desolate place into theIslamic headquarters.

The details of this incident are as follows, when Hadhrat Ebrahim(alaihi salaam) was ordered by Allaah Ta'ala to leave his chaste wife,Hadhrat Haajira (alaiha salaam) and his innocent baby, HadhratIsmaeel (alaihi salaam) in the desert of Arabia, with no friend orhelper, then the answer to the sustenance of life for this 'forlorn'mother and son was given within a few days. The innocent child wasstriking his heels upon the ground due to severe thirst. The motherwas also becoming restless due to the lack of water, and she ran upone mountain, and down again and ascended the other mountain, insearch of water, hoping to find something to sustain the life of herchild.

Hadhrat Jibraeel (alaihi salaam) made an appearance. With a strikeof his heels, or an indication of his hands, or his wings, a springstarted flowing.

As soon as the water was sighted, Hadhrat Haajira was overtakenwith joy. Her sadness and despondency was immediately removedand replaced by sheer joy. She quenched her own thirst and that ofher child. She filled a container with the water and built a sand wallaround the spring in order to dam it up.Nabi-e-Kareem (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) said that, had Hadhrat


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Haajira (alaiha salaam) not done this, this water would have becomelike a sea rather than a spring, and it would have saturated the entireearth.

It was the very desire forth is water that attracted the tribe of BanuJurhum here, and led to their settling down, in this area. They stayedand governed the area for 300, and according to some narrations,500 years. It was the immorality, mischief, and flagrant disobedienceof this tribe that led to their disgraceful eviction from the pure land ofMakkah Shareef. When they left Makkah, they dumped the treasuresof the Kaaba Shareef, its Ghilaaf (covering) and valuable swords intothe well of Zam-zam, then they covered it with sand, thereby coveringit completely and closing it up. Five hundred years passed upon it inthis condition. During this era, its name and signs were completelyforgotten and erased.

But, when Allaah Ta'ala desired to revive this well and satiate theUrnmat with it, HE used the Quraish and the grandfather ofRasullullah (sallallahu alaihi wasallam), by way of a dream to dig upthe well. Abdul Mutallib used to say that one night he had a dream,wherein someone was telling him to dig up 'Tayyibah'. He says thathe asked: "What is 'Tayyibah'?" But the person (in his dream), justwalked away, without giving a reply. On the following night he saidthat he had another dream, wherein he was told to dig up'Maghnoonah'. He says that he asked: "What is'Maghnoonah'?" But,again this person simply disappeared. On the third night he again hada dream wherein he was told to dig up Zam- Zam, and clean it up. Hesays that, he asked: "What is 'Zam-Zam'?"

He was then told that it is a well, whose water will never decrease,and that he will find no difficulty in digging it up. Also that he will findno embarrassment in it, and that it is the inheritance of his father. Hewas told to serve it to the Haajis. Abdul Muttalib, says further that heasked for a sign of the location to this well. He was told that it is at theplace where the ant-hills are in abundance. He was also told thatwhen he reaches the place in the morning, he will find a crow peckingat the exact spot, where he is to dig.


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The next morning, Abdul Mutallib left home towards the HaramShareef, with his eldest son, Haarith, taking with them a pick-axe anda spade. According to the glad-tidings of Allaah Azza Wa Jalla, hesaw a crow pecking at a spot between the idols, 'Assaaf' and 'Naila'.There were also many ant-hills around that spot. Following theinstructions of Allaah Ta'ala, both the father and son started digging.

Even the Quraish, became a hindrance, and objected by saying thatthis is the sacred place of their idols, and that they will never consentto its being dug up. However, Abdul Mutallib did not listen to any ofthis and he continued his task. In a short space of time he reachedhis objective and struck water. He also found the buried treasures ofthe Jurhum, which they left there, upon their departure from MakkahMukarrama.

When the Quraish saw that Abdul Mutallib succeeded in his objectiveand that he unearthed a great treasure, they laid claim to it as beingthe inheritance of their fore-father, Hadhrat lsmaeel (alaihi salaam).They therefore claimed a stake in it. They also wanted a share in thedistribution and protection of the Zam-Zam well, but Abdul-Mutallibrejected their claim and became the sole-custodian of the well. Thisled to a conflict and they decided to call in a third party, to arbitratethe issue. They decided on the tribe of Banu Sa'ad Bin Huzail, whichwas stationed in Syria. So, Abdul Mutallib and a few persons fromevery tribe in the Quraish, set out on this journey to Shaam (Syria).The road was long and arduous. There were many caves andmountains along the way. When this caravan reached a certain place,their water stocks dwindled. Thirst was starting to get a hold of them.Those who had some water by them, refused to give it to AbdulMutallib and his companions, saying that they have become thecustodians of the well of Zam-Zam, and yet they are asking for waternow. The situation became very difficult, and they could not evenwalk any further. The Power of Allaah Ta'ala came into play, wheneventually Abdul Mutallib managed to get upon his camel and it stoodup, a spring of clear, fresh and sweet water gushed forth, from below,the place where his camel had sat. Out of sheerjoy, Abdul Mutallib


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screamed out a Takbeer, and all of them drank to their fill, and filledtheir containers. So much so, that even those who refused to givetheir water to Abdul-Mutallib, managed to fill their containers. Whenall of them saw this strange and wonderful scenario, they concludedthat their decision was made and their matter resolved. They took anoath that they will never dispute with him regarding the well of Zam-Zam. That same Being Who has blessed you with a spring of water inthis desolate desert, is the same One who has blessed you with thewell of Zam-Zam. So, instead of going any further, they all turnedback to Makkah. This incident occurred about 40 to 70 years prior tothe birth of Rasulullah(sallallahu alaihi wasallam).

During the era of ignorance, two idols, 'Assaaf' and 'Naila'were keptupon the well of Zam-Zam. 'Assaaf' was a male and 'Naila', a female,who had a connection with the tribe of Jurhum, and they wereinhabitants of Yemen. There was a love relationship between the twoof thern. When they came to Makkah for Haj, they committed anindecent act in the Haram. This led to Allaah Ta'ala turning them intostone. People were greatly affected by this story. They were thenflung nearby, to the place where the well of Zam-Zam is situated, sothat others may see their plight and take lesson from their sin. Theirforms remained like this for a period of time, until a time came whenthe Mushrikeen (idol-worshippers) made them also into idols andworshipped them. Oaths were being taken upon their names, and inorder to gain favour with them, animals were sacrificed in theirnames. Therefore, when Abdul Mutallib, started digging nearby them,the Quraish came to their defence.

Imaamul Mu'arrakheen, Allama Azraqi, states; ' When Assaaf BinBughaa and Naila Binti Zi'ib committed their vile and immoral act inthe Haram Shareef, then Rabb Zul Jalaal tumed them into stone. Thepeople flung one of them onto mount Safa and the other onto mountMarwah. As time went by, people started worshipping them. Later on,a person by the name of Umar Bin Lahya fortified the people's beliefand worship in them.

When the era of Qussay Bin Kilaab came, he placed the statue of


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Assaaf near the Kaaba and that of Naila near the well of Zam-Zam.Hence, the Mushrikeen, used to begin their Tawaaf of the Kaaba atthe statue of Assaaf and end at Naila. They also made lstilaam atthese idols. Then, when Allaah Ta'ala placed the control of MakkahMukarrama in the hands of Rahmatul Lil Alameen, these two idols(like all the others) were destroyed. "

The minds of the Mushrikeen were obscured due to their idol-worship. Soundness of mind leaves them. Just look at this, Where atotally immoral and depraved man and woman shamelessly commitan act of indecency in front of the Kaaba Shareef, and Allaah Ta'alaturns them into stone as a lesson for man to come, yet theMushrikeen turn this very curse into their object of worship, fromwhom they ask of their needs.

VIRTUES AND PRAISES OF ZAM-ZAM WATERThe water of Zam-Zam has countless of virtues and it is extremelypure and clean. It is the most blessed and purest of all waters onearth.

Allama Taahir Karwi, writes in this regard:1 The inception of this well was owing to Hadhrat Ismaeel (alaihimus

salaam) and his mother Hadhrat Haajira (R.A).2 Its coming into existence was owing to the intervention of Hadhrat

Jibraeel (alaihis salaam).3 Its position is upon the most blessed place on earth, i.e. near the

Kaaba Shareef and within the Haram.4 This well is surrounded by three such sacred places, viz. Hajre

Aswad, Safa and Marwah which grants it virtue (over all otherwells).'

5 This is such blessed water, from which Prophets, Pious and Allaah-fearing people have drank.

6 This such a pure water, with which, Hadhrat Jibraeel (alaihissalaam) bathed the pure heart of Nabi (sallallahu alaihi wasallam).

7 This water also has this virtue that Rahmatul lil ' Aalameen,Muhammad Mustafa (sallallahu alaihi wasallam), twice rinsed hisblessed mouth in the bucket of its well, thereby granting it the virtue


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of having the effect of his Mubarak mouth.8 The world over, this is such a blessed water, that it has been

praised by the most Truthful of all the truthful people (sallallahualaihi wasallam).

9 Nabi (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) requested this water from MakkahMukarramah, whilst he was stationed in Madinah Munawwarah.

Narrations, Incidents and Ahaadith on Zam- Zam1 It is reported from Hadhrat Jaabir (radhiayallahu anhu) that

Rasullullah (sallallahu alaihi wasallarn) said: "That person who hascompleted seven Tawaafs of the Kaaba Shareef, then he performs2 Rakaats Salaat behind the Maqaam-e-Ebrahim, and he has adrink of the water of Zam-Zam, all his sins will be forgiven. "(Tafseer Waahidi]

2 Nabi Kareem (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) said: "The water of Zam-Zam has a cure for all ailments. " [Dailami]

3 Hadhrat Abdullaah lbn Abbaas (radhiyallahu anhu) reports thatNabi (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) said: "The water of Zam-Zam isthe best water on the surface of the earth."

4 Rasulullah (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) said: "The stomach of abeliever is satiated with the water of Zam-Zam, and the stomach ofa Munaafiq is not satiated." It is as though this is a sign ofhypocrisy.

5 Rasulullah (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) said: "For whatever objectZam-Zam is drunk, that object will definitely be fulfilled. If one drinksit with the purpose of being cured, then Allaah Ta'ala will grant curefor the drinker, or if one drinks it for his thirst to be removed thenAllaah Ta'ala will remove his thirst. Because it is the well of Jibraeel(alaihi salaam), and with it Allaah Ta'ala quenched the thirst ofHadhrat Ismaeel (alaihi salaam).

6 Once Rasulullah (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) came to the well ofZam-Zam. A bucket was taken out for him. Rasullullah (sallallahualaihi wasallam) drank from it, and he rinsed his mouth therein. It isreported in another narration that Nabi (sallallahu alaihi wasallam)washed his blessed face therein and rinsed his mouth. It is reportedthat Hadhrat Abbaas (radhiayallahu anhu) took out the bucket forNabi (sallallahu alaihi wasallam).


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7 It is reported from Hadhrat Abdullaah Ibn Abbaas (radhiyallaahuanhu) that Rasulullah (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) said: "Fever isfrom the fire of Jahannam, hence cool it off with the water of Zam-Zam. "

8 Rasulullah (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) said: "Gazing upon fivethings is also an lbaadat,- The Qur'aan Majeed, Kaaba Shareef,one's parents, the face of an Aalim and Zam-Zam. To look uponZam-Zam, one's sins are forgiven."

9 Hadhrat Ali (radhiayallahu anhu) reports that amongst all the cities,two cities are the best. Makkah Mukarramah, and that city, whereinHadhrat Aadam (alaihis salaam) came down. Two cities are theworst; 'Ahqaaf' and 'Hazre Maut'. The best well is that of Zam-Zamand the worst is 'Barhowt', wherein the bodies of the Kuffaar werethrown.

10 It is reported from Ibn Jareej that the best water on earth is the water of Zam-Zam, and the worst water is the water of the well of Barhowt, which is situated in the valley of Hazre Maut.11 It is reported frorn Hadhrat Abdullaah Ibn Abbaas (radhiyallahu anhu): "Perform Salaat in the place of the chosen ones and drink from the drink of the pious." He was asked; "What is the Prayer- place of the chosen ones?" He replied: "Below the Mezaab-e

-Rahmat (below the water outlet in the Harem)." He was askedabout the drink of the pious, to which he replied; 'The water ofZam-Zam."

12 Abdul Aziz bin Rawaad says that there was once a piousshepherd, who drank from Zam-Zam whenever thirst overcamehim. He would derive therefrom the taste, pleasure and effects ofmilk. When he took from the water of Zam-Zam for wudhu forSalaat, then he would get the effects of water.

13 Sheikh-ul-islaam Siraajud Deen Balqini (rahmatullahi alaih)mentions that the water of Zam-Zam is even more virtuous thanthe water of Kauther, because the blessed heart of Nabi(sallallahu alaihi wasallam) was washed in this water, and it is notpossible that Nabi (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) heart be washedexcept with the best of waters.

14 It is reported in one narration that the person in whose stomachenters the water of Zam-Zam, will never enter jahannum, because


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the Fire and Zam-Zam can never be in one and the same place.15 It is reported from Hadhrat Abdullaah Bin Umar (radhiyallahu

anhu) that the water in the well of Zam-Zam which comes from thedirection of Hajre Aswad is actually a spring from Jannat.

16 Sayyidinah Abu Zarr Ghifaari (radhiyallahu anhu) reports theincident of his acceptance of Islaam, when he came to Makkah,thus: "When I heard of the announcement of Nabuwwat ofRasulullah (sallallahu alaihi wasallam), then I went to Makkah,and enquired about him (sallallahu alaihi wasallam). The peopleattacked me, with the result I fell down unconscious. When Iregained consciousness, I ran to the Kaaba Shareef and hidbehind the Ghilaaf. At times during the night I saw Nabi (sallallahualaihi wasallam) making Tawaaf of the Kaaba, and I even madeSalaam to him. Once, Nabi (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) asked mewhen I had come here. I replied that it has been thirty days sincemy arriving there. He asked me who was supplying me with food; Ireplied that besides the water of Zam-Zam, I had no other sourceof nourishment. Nabi (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) replied thatsurely this was blessed and it was the best food of all foods."

17 Hadhrat Rabaah reports from Hadhrat Aswad: "He mentions thatonce such a stage passed him while in Makkah that for three dayshe had no food. He spent his time at the well of Zam-Zam,drinking therefrom. He says that he derived the pleasure andeffects of milk from this water "

18 Mufti Abu Bakr Umar Ma'roof Shaneeni, who was from amongstthe top Ulama of Yemen, states that a person was afflicted with aserious illness. His illness took a bad turn. He went to a doctor,who turned hirn away due to the very serious nature of the illness,and said that this person had no rnore than three days to live.When the patient heard this, it was as tough the earth beneathhim had opened up. He turned away thoroughly dejected. AllaahTa'ala placed this thought in his mind that why should he not drinkfrom the water of Zam-Zam, because Nabi (sallallahu alaihiwasallam) said that it was a water which had Shifaa (cure). Withthis intention he left Yemen and arrived in Makkah. He drankZam-Zam water to his fill. He felt that something was breaking inhis stomach. Immediately he left the Haram and went to relieve


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himself. He had a bout of diarrhea. He went and drank Zam-Zamwater for a second time and again had a bout of diarrhea. Hestayed for a few days in Makkah. After Allaah Ta'ala had grantedhim cure, he returned to his home country and presented himselfbefore the doctor. The doctor was surprised and asked him if hewas the very same person who had the certain disease. Hereplied in the affirmative. The doctor asked him what medicine hehad used. He indicated that he had been cured through the Barkatof the water of Zam- Zam.

19 In the same way a blind person drank from the water of Zam-Zamand put some on his eyes. Allaah Ta'ala granted his sight.

20 Allama Zahni states in 'Tabqaat' that when Sheikh KhatiebSaghdaadi went for Haj, then he drank thrice from the well ofZam-Zam, and he asked Allaah Ta'ala for three of his needs.Allaah Ta'ala fulfilled all three of his needs through the Barkat ofZam-Zam.

21 Allama Taajudeen Subki (rahmatullahi alaih) writes in 'Tabqaat': "Allama Muhammad Bin Ishaq Bin Khuzaima was asked: 'Wheredid you attain such heights in knowledge?' he replied that Nabi(sallallahu alaihi wasallam) said that for whatever purpose thewater of Zam-Zam is drunk, that will be fulfilled. Hence, he says,he drank it with the du'aa of acquiring knowledge, and AllaahTa'ala fulfilled his desire. "

22 Sheikhul lslaam Ibn Hajar (rahmatullahi alaih) states that when hewas still a student of Hadith when he drank Zam-Zam and madedu'aa that Allaah Ta'ala make him an excellent Haafiz of Hadithlike Allama Zahri. He says that 20 years later he made Hajj, andhe felt that Allaah Ta'ala had granted him progress in hisknowledge. He says that he made a du'aa then, that Allaah Ta'alagrant him higher stages in rank. He said that he had hope AllahTa'ala will surely fulfill that duaa.

Source: History & Virtues of Zam Zam

Hajj & Umrah Handbook (2008) - Book 3 of 5: Performing the Hajj & Umrah

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