The Lifecycle of Embedded Image Metadata within Digital Photographs: Challenges and Best Practices....
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The Lifecycle of Embedded Image Metadata within Digital Photographs: Challenges and Best Practices.
- or - The Secret Life of Photo Metadata
To promote, protect, manage and archive your images.
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getMETAsmart SAA Photo Metadata Project Page 2
The SAA Photo Metadata Project is made possible thanks to the generous
support of the U.S. Library of Congress and our project partners.
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May 7, 2009 SAA Photo Metadata Project / Archiving 2009 Page 3
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MAKING A CASE FOR METADATA
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• What is the VALUE of an Image?
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• What is the VALUE of an Image?
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• What is the VALUE of an Image?
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• Who are these children?
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Einstein images courtesy of Bettmann Archive/CORBIS
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Who? What? When? Where? Why?
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Where did this image come from?
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Metadata 101
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What do we want to know about this image?
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An image file can hold more than pixels.
It can also include metadata explaining:
• Creator and ownership information• What the image depicts• Rights and licensing information• Technical information about the image file
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An image file is like a bento box …
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… It includes containers for different things.
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These containers hold several flavors of metadata and they describe the image’s:
• Ownership• Content• Rights & Licensing• Technical Details
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All flavors (actually “schemas”) include
Fields of Information
Insert Picture of Fields
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When adding info to those fields consider– What will be needed to “find” the image later?– Think like an art buyer or image researcher
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Which Fields to Use?• Essential• Recommended• Location-related• Other
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Which fields to use?
Essential• Creator (aka Author or even Photographer)
• Copyright (Copyright Notice)
• Contact Info
• Credit / Provider*
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Which fields to use?
Recommended• Provider / Credit
• Source
• Date Created (can be automated)
• Title (aka Document Title or Object Name)
• Description / Caption
• Keywords
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Which fields to use?
Location-related• Location (building, street, etc.)
• City
• State / Province
• Country
• Country Code
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Which fields to use?
Other• Special Instructions
• Rights Usage Terms
• “New” stuff (IPTC Extension, PLUS, etc.)
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How do I know how to use a field?• Download the IPTC Core Users Guide
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How do I know how to use a field?• Use our “Guide To Photo Metadata Fields”
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My field names are not the same as yours!– Developers have not standardized
• Some use the older “legacy” IPTC-IIM named fields
• Some use the IPTC Core fields
• Some make up their own field names!
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My field names are not the same as yours!– Developers have not standardized
• Some use the older “legacy” IPTC-IIM named fields
• Some use the IPTC Core fields
• Some make up their own field names!
– Use “Mapping Charts”ControlledVocabulary.com/imagedatabases/
ControlledVocabulary.com/imagedatabases/iptc_core_mapped.pdf
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MFM Fields*– Provider / Credit / Credit Line– Title / Document Title / Object Name– Title vs. Headline– Description / Caption
*Most Frequently Misunderstood
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Caption and Keyword Guidelines– Who– What– When– Where– Why– How
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Ray Goes Here
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ControlledVocabulary.com/metalogging/
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Bento Box GIF goes here
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The Language of Schemas
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The Language of Schemas
IPTC-IIM
IPTC Core
IPTC Extension
Dublin Core
Exif
PLUS
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Schemas
IPTC-IIM• Short for Information Interchange Model
• Sometimes called “legacy” metadata
• Stored using the Image Resource Block method
• Limited field sizes
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Schemas
IPTC Core• 2005 update to the IIM version
• Incorporates all the fields
• Adds Contact Info, Location, Rights Usage and
special IPTC fields, Genre, Scene and Subject Codes
• Stored as part of XMP
• No limits on length of field
• Unicode Compatible
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Schemas
IPTC Extension• New addition to the IPTC schemas (2008)
• Not currently in many applications
• Adds fields requested by “other” communities– Stock
– Museum
– Libraries
• Includes a number of PLUS fields
• Stored as XMP
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Schemas
Dublin Core• Used by the Cultural Heritage Community
• IPTC-Core has 5 fields from the 15 original that overlap
• Stored as XMP
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Schemas
Exif• Exchangeable Information File
• Primarily “Machine Readable”
• Stores technical data on capture
• Both a Schema and a Storage Mechanism
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Schemas
PLUS• Picture Licensing Universal System
• Focused on Licensing and Rights Information
• Stored as XMP
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How are these schemas stored inside image files?
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How are these schemas stored?Exif– Both a schema and a storage method– Maintained by camera manufacturers
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How are these schemas stored?Exif
Image Resource Block– Legacy format
– Holds IPTC-IIM schema
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How are these schemas stored?Exif
Image Resource Block
XMP– Newer method developed by Adobe (2001)– Holds many schemas (IPTC Core, IPTC Ext, PLUS, Dublin Core)– Photoshop namespace holds star ratings, color labels– Unicode compatible– No limits on field lengths– Can be stored as a “sidecar” file
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How do these schemas
relate to each other?
IPTC-IIM
IPTC Core
IPTC Extension
Dublin Core
Exif
PLUS
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… OK, in most cases:• IPTC Core includes nearly all of IPTC-IIM• Dublin Core shares five fields with IPTC• PLUS will embed fields in IPTC Extension• Exif goes along for the ride
• With a few caveats
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… OK, in most cases:• IPTC Core includes nearly all of IPTC-IIM• Dublin Core shares five fields with IPTC• PLUS will embed fields in IPTC Extension• Exif goes along for the ride
• With a few caveats•Crosswalks•Synchronization
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• Synchronization Issues– “Shared” fields– Where & when info is written DOES matter– Backwards compatibility Issues
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• Synchronization Issues
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• Synchronization Issues– A Tale of Two Workflows
getMETAsmart SAA Photo Metadata Project Page 64
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• Synchronization Issues– A Tale of Two Workflows
getMETAsmart SAA Photo Metadata Project Page 65
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• Synchronization Issues– Old to New Workflow = No problems
getMETAsmart SAA Photo Metadata Project Page 66
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• Synchronization Issues– New to Old Workflow (and return) = Problems
getMETAsmart SAA Photo Metadata Project Page 67
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• Synchronization Issues– Old to New Workflow = No problems
getMETAsmart SAA Photo Metadata Project Page 68
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• Synchronization Issues– Old to New Workflow = No problems
getMETAsmart SAA Photo Metadata Project Page 69
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Looking Ahead
getMETAsmart SAA Photo Metadata Project Page 71
The good news:• IPTC Core will soon be all you really need to know • IPTC Extension will offer even more• Information stored this way is easily repurposed• And …
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Looking Ahead
getMETAsmart SAA Photo Metadata Project Page 72
The good news:• IPTC Core will soon be all you really need to know • IPTC Extension will offer even more• Information stored this way is easily repurposed• And … software tools handle most of this for you:
PhotoshopLightroomPhoto MechanicExpression MediaOthers
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getMETAsmart SAA Photo Metadata Project Page 24
Photometadata.org QuickTour
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getMETAsmart SAA Photo Metadata Project Page 24
Photometadata.org QuickTour
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getMETAsmart SAA Photo Metadata Project Page 24
Photometadata.org QuickTour
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getMETAsmart SAA Photo Metadata Project Page 24
Photometadata.org QuickTour
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getMETAsmart SAA Photo Metadata Project Page 24
Photometadata.org QuickTour
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• Thank You!
• No Handouts Necessary• Grab a post card, the URL is on the back
• www.StockArtistsAlliance.org/• www.photometadata.org/
May 7, 2009 SAA Photo Metadata Project / Archiving 2009 Page 78