The Life and Witness of Peter by Larry R. Helyer

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the

life and witnessof

p e t e r

Ly . HLy

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Cover design: Cindy Kiple Images: St. Peter, from the Crypt of St. Peter, Byzantine School at St. Peter’s, Vatican , Rome, Italy /

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Helyer, Larry R.The life and witness of Peter / Larry R. Helyer.

p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index . ISBN 978-8308-3982-7 (pbk. : alk. paper)1. Peter, the Apostle, Saint. 2. Bible. N.T. Peter—Criticism,

interpretation, etc. I. Title.BS2515.H35 2012

225.9’2—dc23

2012027651

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available f rom the British Library.

P 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Y 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12




C

Ao 7

Pf 13

1 Bkou of So P 19

2 P h Gopl 32

PAR ON: Call to Confession

3 P h Gopl 49

PAR wO: Transfiguration to Resurrection

4 P h ly Chuh 69

The Book of Acts

5 P Pul’ L 91

6 1 P 105

Encyclical to Exiles

7 P’ Choloy 128

8 Ch h Sp, Ch h Holy Sp 148

9 Suff fo Ju 162

10 h Popl of Go 184

11 2 P 205

Introductory Questions

12 holol h 2 P 217

13 h Ch Dy of h Fl h 238




14 holoy of 2 P 255

15 h R of h Soy 272

Tradition

16 h R of h Soy 285

Legends About Peter

17 h R of h Soy 302

Peter’s Legacy

N Ix 308

Suj Ix 313

Spu Ix 318




1

bCkg

m P

he gospels serve as ou py ou fo kh P’

ly y u hh h o pl h pol of

Ju h mh h hp o o lu, hol-

ophl oolol lu h Gopl h ho

lh o h kl

His Name

P o h pol’ ; Ju o h P

Gk ( petros ) “ok” o “o” (mk 3:16) H A

šim´ōn, oh lk “h” o “o”1 Bu

h lo y h oo Gk Simōn (ou y-f

h N), houh oolly h l o

Gk Symeōn, pll fl h A (A 15:14;

2 P 2:1 [joy of Gk mSS]) h f h h h oh A

Gk f; h lul l -

o h hly flu y Hll h p

of h Jul lou l h Ju’ pl “u-

u oy ” (A 4:13) poly “ o o h

h hy o of h f po of h l p-

o of h Jh oh”2

1Šim´ōn y u of šam‘a’el , “Go h h”2Rlph P m, “P,” ISBE 3:803 S lo Jo muphy-O’Coo, “Fh of m: wh w Ko of h F Dpl fo h Pofo,” BR 25/3 (1999): 22-27, 48-49




20 H LIF AN D wIN SS OF PR

So o So popul h y y J of h

So pl po; l lu Jh hoy lo o

Fo h H Spu, o ll So, o o of hph Jo poo of h h I h

ly o uy ( 180 bc), B S, Jul h, hp-

oz o h u o of hh p

So3 I h -o uy bc, So mu h

o u ho u h ol lo o

h Slu h Jh popl o o h h up-

hoo of l h oh hh (ul of po o popl) hh p ( 140 bc) H hu u ol l-

hp oh h poll lou ph No uply,

Jh p fquly ho o h o So Ou

po u h ll-o u So

pl 4 Aoly, l ff popl, lu

So P, h h N5

Ju pply So h k “P” kp h

h ppop o o fo h O ll

H o h po of h, plly h

Go h o ho o h A l o

h lf, A (“xl fh”) o Ah (“o of

O Cull o h “yo ouh up Bh oul o oly h u-oo Gk, u oul lo h polh y ou h fo h h

o Gk ulu” (Peter: Disciple—Apostle—Martyr [ Floy V Flo; Phllph: w, 1953], p 22) By o, m Hl y, “w o o ko hh y fo u h P, ho o Gll fh, k ho o ly h ly o , ly o h ll of l o ko h Holy Spu, o po o p” (Saint Peter: The Underestimated Apostle [ ho F pp; G Rp: , 2010], p 12 35)3O h quo of h p y of h So, J C VK, From Joshua to Caiaphas: High Priests After the Exile (mpol: Fo, 2004), pp 137-574Of h 917 ou po y h S of Il, 231 h Of hh oly 72 ff Rkly, 16 op ful l 75 p of h - ollo h o fqu fl Jh Slo (Shlo, Shlozo), ou-

26 , h o fqu l , ly, Sh‘o, lo ou 26 S L Y Rh, A Catalogue of Jewish Ossuaries (Jul: Il Aqu Au-hoy h Il Ay of S Hu, 1994)

5S Nol J Oppll-Glluh, “So,” ISBE 4:515-16 I y o h Sho - lly popul o Il: fo p up of Il, Sho P




Background of Simon Peter 21

ulu,” G 17:5) Jo (“h ho p h hl” o

Il (“Go ,” G 32:27-30; lo I 62:2; 65:15)6 A “m

of Rok” oo ho ol o ho you y p7 Bok po ol fouo o hh o ul (m 7:24-25;

ph 2:20) Alhouh P ul , h , h l up o

h of h o y h m8 Fo lh

pk, php pp So’ k y ll

h “Roky”9

h A qul of petros kēphās , h lh o,

“Cph,” ou h N P’ (J 1:42; 1 Co1:12; 3:22; 9:5; 15:5; Gl 1:18; 2:9, 11, 14) h fquy h hh

h pp h N (, P, So, So P, Cph)

f o h f ly Chy I h Syop h

ou 75 Joh, 35 k o ou h

N, f 181 ou, o h h of Pul/Sul

(177)10

Galilean Fisherman

H h y p oh o P’ kou

So Gll fh, h ho o Bh

(J 1:44)

Location of Bethsaida. A pol of fo , ho,

o fo oo h f loo, oy ko

-ll, y of o oqu h Io A

poly h pl of h ll A ll Ghu h

6“Bu h f po f o ju hly h of h f h Ju P h l I opo o Jh uo o hoo l o hh oho poo h po pu l uo ly olo o h ” Cull, Peter ,p 19

7Hl lk o u h ppllo “h m of Rok” o “P h Rok” Saint Peter , pp16-22

8“H l o ly ol of ok-lk f” (BDAG, p 654)9“o h of ou kol, h ‘Rok’ o oy pol h

H/A o Gk I oul o opl o h A k‘Roky’ hfo oul h o xpl, , h o ho h ouh o‘ouh’ h, Cop h ppllo maqqāb(āy ), ‘h(lk),’ o Jumu” Ryo Bo, Kl P Dof Joh Ru, , Peter in the NewTestament (mpol/N Yok: Auu/Pul, 1973), p 90, 210

10Hl, Saint Peter , pp 10-11





O (Joh 12:5; 13:11; 2 S 3:3, l) Du h Hll-Ro

, Gk y fo h -

of Gul I ppoxly ad 30, Ho Phlp Jul hoo of Auuu’ f Jul/L, ho ad 2911

oy, -ll l ou 15 klo o h oh of h hol, o

h k of h Jo R fo p o h oh-

qu of h S of Gll (ll K h O

[Nu 34:11] S of Gll, S of u [J 6:1] lk of

G [Lk 5:1] h N)12

h oh ll l-‘Aj, ll ll ly loh p-y hol of h h Jo R p

o h Gll I N , ho, h ly o h west of

h Jo u h h h ou o h u

C h o opo? Ao o Joh’ Gopl,

Phlp, o o P A, lo fo “Bh inGalilee ” (J 12:21, l ) k Joh ly, o h

p opoll oloy, fo l-‘Aj, u , o -ll,

lo Gll, u h juo of Ho Ap Bu

h ou of h Jo y h hf h f uy o h

P’ y, -ll f lo h of Gll O,

y h Joh o o lo Bh olly Aoh

ojo o fy -ll N Bh fo mk

8:22-23, hh Ju l l ho l Bh ou

h “ll” (kōmē ) O oul h xp mk o u h o

city ( polis ) kp h Bh’ y pl Bu

php h xp o po h u of h o h

J S u h l-‘Aj y l-

myh h of h fh ll of Bh

ll h opol of Ho Phlp’ Hll y of Jul13 h

11R, “Aholoy Gophy,” DJG , p 39, po ou h h N u oly h J-

h fo h pl h houl k o oo lu h of hGopl o I follo h l ou h Jophu o h h f h L h Auuu’ uh

12O h oloy u fo h S of Gll, R S Noly, “h S of Gll:Dlop of ly Ch opoy,” JBL 128 (2009): 183-88

13“Bh (Pl),” ABD 1:692-93





follo uo off y G Shuh h 188014

A ly 1838, Roo f -ll N Bh-

mo xo u h o of R A uppoRoo’ : “Po o (ou po

) h p-y hol l-‘Aj, h oh o

Bh, h ho o h exclusively Byz po

l” Fuho, hquk ad 363 ul

f lo of fo o 9 klo oh of ll

uqu loo of h oh ho l o 2 klo-

o h ouh hu, Ju’ y, -ll uh lo o hS of Gll h oy15 S Noly, ho, ll o

o “h xpll of f-uy ” -ll,

olu h “fo h , h loo of Bh

quo”16

A y , h f uy, h Jo R h o

h of Gll h of Gul (o

Gol) Bh-Jul hu ly poll o—ju

h juo of Ho Phlp (Gul) ju o h of h

juo of Ho Ap (Gll) Alo ly po

uo off Goo p fo o ophy o oh

uj o uy “ophy” Gk u o -

o x , php qul o ouy o h

h p of oll, x uy ollo lo h

ly pol o fo h l S Bh-Jul h

pl of Gul, ou off l h, ,

Ho Phlp’ hy h y l Gl popu-

lo, fl oh Jh o-Jh flu17 h

14R L Al, “Bh,” ZPEB 1:542-43, hoz h ofl xul y u- h “php h fh l f oup h ho poo [-Aj], hh y h Ho Phlp ul [ l] lo o ou o h N hfo oul ol o of h quo p h opl ou ll ho of h ul ho”

15R A, “Bh (-ll),” NEAEHL 5:1611-12 (l )16Php fuu xo ll ol h quo Ao F Ry R S Noly,

The Sacred Bridge: Carta’s Atlas of the Biblical World (C: Jul, 2006), p 35917I B -ll, xo u up h of lo l h f o

fu , h So pl po, lo o uupl o ul puy hu “po of Jh p” A, “Bh (-ll),” NAHL 5:1615





h f oo h Gl o oqul p of

P’ kou, plly h o h h ply h

l ol op h oo fo Gl o h huh (A 10:1–11:18; 15:7-14)

The fishing industry in Galilee. h ooy of Bh, lk h

of oh o ll lo h lk, p hly o h

fh uy, o y u of fh hook,

l h, ho, l l oh o

h fh uo A of -ll, ppoply ll h

“Hou of h Fh” I f, fh po p of h oooo f of f-uy Pl Jophu, h

ly hpo po of h o of Gll h S of

G, o “ u of hp” ploy y h Jh

l h p o f h Ro ( J W 3101 §465; f

3109 §531) I 1986, h kl oy of o

o h f uy ad ouh Jophu’ f o lf h o-

ll “Ju Bo” y h o of ho ol h

l o h lk h Jh u h Ro h

u of ad 67

oy, h k of l f u fo oh fh

poo h of Ju h “Ju o,” 255 f lo, 75

f 41 f hh, of f u oul hol up o

ff p Ily, h o h , ly llu-

h mk ou of o o h lk: “Ju

h , lp o uho” (mk 4:38 tniv)18 I uh l,

l of h pol, fo h ll o ph h opl, p lo

hou o h lk k ou l Rll So’ po o Ju’

o o l o h : “m, ’ ok h ll h

h’ uh yh” (Lk 5:4-5 tniv) I l o, Ju

h pl fquly o h lk u h Gll

y (mk 4:35; 5:21; 6:32, 53; 8:10, 13)

h Bh “Hou of h Fh,” h oof ml Nuy (ml h N), o h oh ho

18Fo ou of h oy oy of h l, Shlly wh, “h Gl-l Bo 2,000 Y-Ol Hull Ro I,” BAR 14/5 (1988): 18-33





of h lk, “Fh o,” poly f o oo

uu hh fh - ml lo ll -

h, Gk o oh lk “Pl of Sl Fh,” of fh-po fly ju f l fo Cpu,

hh lo pp o h fo l fh Po fh

fo h Gll o Jul ol k,

y h Fh G poxl Jul (Nh 3:3)19 ml

Nu h o ff o x ho lo lo h

hol of h lk, ll o h So pl po,20 o of

h o p of hh h ll of Cpu, loly lo ll Hu21 No uply, Nu lo fou o

poxy o Bh

So P h oh A pp p o-

fh u h Z h o o,

J Joh (Lk 5:7, 9-10)22 So o o of h o (Lk

5:3), php o h h fo h fh h fly u,

lo Cpu, ploy h h o y lo (mk 1:20;

f m 20:1-16) h x h y o o,

hl l, y h l o

fh w houl o uppo f k ooy

o h Gopl Suh o lkly h 23 h Z

19S S Fy, Galilee, Jesus and the Gospels: Literary and Historical Approaches to the Gospels (Phllph: Fo, 1988), p 50, 44, muphy-O’Coo, “Fh of m,” pp22-27, 48-49 Fo lluo o h fh-pkl uy h, So, Geogr

1624520ml Nu, “Po of Gll,” BAR 25/4 (1999): 8-3121uu’ Onomasticon lo Cpu 2 l fo Choz, hh f ll Hu,

h xo h (h you “P’ hou”) uppo h fo S HG A, “Cpu,” ZPEB 1:747 R, “Aholoy Gophy,” DJG , p 39,y, “xo of y lh yo y ou h Cpu o -f h h of h u l-Hu”

22 h Gk o u fo “p” (Lk 5:7) metochois , Luk 5:10, koinōnoi Foh l h p lll h Ah Ppy: “H h fh kColu h p” (koinōnos ) S BAGD, pp. 439-40 Fuho, h Colu pol p fo h xh h of ul fo fh o

lk (mm 351)23“ fh ho y h o h o o p of ul, l-pof-

p, oplx of oo lohp h ypo of ‘ ooy’ h o y, oo h m o -p y h ‘f k,’ f , ok xh, ozo, h lk, o f o pl y” K C Ho, “h Gll Fh ooy





fh u p of o ooy u h

opp ool of l, h , h Ro l o

of Ho Ap h o fl ho uppo h, poly h oup ll h Ho (mk 3:6; 12:13)

Ho’ o ly x x k, h , p-

of h h, po l f o fh l o h

Gll fh24 Fuho, lol fh qu o

py ho u f

h ho o y Nu lo h ho of h S of Gll

of uh u o k ulkly ul ou o h hy qu ou ll yo h p-

ly of lol f h25 I ho, h o f h -

fuu y ly u f So o o oll

u, L y h oll l l f h x

ooh Cpu (m 9:9) h poly u of oll

x ollo Cpu u , lk Bh, u

x o o p o oph (mk 2:15 o “y

x ollo” L’ py) Opp y lk h -

ou h ly ou oo ll , u

oly ff, po ou x f ( J W 24)26

Ful o o oo h x

fly h fuo h pou ou u Khp

ul fu of ul o hp Rl -l

ok oh x fly h pouo of oo

fully p po qu holo whh

houl pk of h fh l-l pu o Gl-

l p oo po27 Joh (Joh), So A’

h Ju o,” BTB 27 (1997): 99-11124 Ap x o h of h h h o o hlf of ll oh po-

u (, p 111)25Nu, “Po of Gll,” p 22, y, “h ouo of h ho qu ozol

kll oo pl Bk ul f, follo y p po,

p hop fo o, ul, ohou, ollhou, ho oh fl m , of ou, y, h k oully p l o”

26I27muphy-O’Coo ll h l-l fly; Ho hy p R Al Culppp y, “h uff o ho h hy o h fl





fh (m 16:17; J 1:42; 21:15-17),28 Z, fh of J

Joh, u p h o h h php

h l o oju So (1 Co 9:5), hoh--l l Cpu (mk 1:30) houh h

o f , I o f So o o of Z-

’ uh If o, h oh--l o oh h h

oh of J Joh, h u y h po

Slo, o of h o o h o (f m 27:56 h

mk 15:40; 16:1; J 19:25) Php A oh Z

uh If o, h Z-Joh fly fh u uly ll h fly!29

No o olook ll h h f h fou, poly ,

of h l pol p of oo ok lk o h

Gll fh uy Rll h Phlp lo fo Bh

(J 1:44) Nhl ho pp pouo

fh u h So P (J 21:1-3), qu ff fo

fh oy h o l—h kll qu o op

l o pk up o k ou! If L (mh)

oll l ho u f Cpu, h o

l f, poly h, of h l pol ho, fo h ll,

o ll o p of h llhoo o h fh uy o h

Gll h qu kl

Status of fishermen in Palestinian society. h u of Gll

fh h Jh oy fful o h N po-

o o o o y o h oh I Jh ulu -

lly, ul lo o (b. Ketub 59; b. Ned 49)

of h upp l, u h hy h h p lo of h y lo-” ( John, the Son of Zebedee [Colu: Uy of Souh Col P, 1994], p 15)

28 h xul lly fo h “Joh” oh Joh 1:42 Joh 21:15-17 h o oou olu o o h ff poy o Luk Joh Joh Joh uffly ff A H o plu Joh u- of Joh I y h ly o h ofuo ou h o fly If

Joh h fly of So A, h o hou o oy O llh h k, h poph fo Gh Hph Gll, h fy ou h f h

29muphy-O’Coo, “Fh of m,” p 27, u ff o fo So A-’ o fo Bh o Cpu: o o x x l o o of Gll Php oh o ply p





fh jo o h h o Bu

p u of ul puy fo, fo xpl, h

uy (A 9:43) Fh oul l h of ul puy u, u h o fy poy ul puy,

h o o h fh o oly ul I

yp, “h S o h ” fo u h h fh

h “ o l h y (oh) pofo”30 Clo

(h o o uy bc), h Ro Pluu o h lo

u of fh (Rudens 290-305) I h h uy ad, Ah-

u lup fho h oyl o huou, lhy h (Deipnosophistai 6226, ; 6228; 7309)

Ho, h po of fh fo h ooy of

Pl J, I hk ol o u h fh p-

p, u poly o hhly oupo31

Capernaum and Simon’s house. Ju lh Cpu h

hqu fo h Gll y (m 4:13; Lk 4:31) mk’

Gopl o hou lo o So A (mk 1:29)

B o h holol of f-uy hou x

ju o h ouh of h you Cpu, h hou h

poly lo “P’ hou” p of l oplx of

oo o hou h o y, “l fl l oh

phl fho, h h ouy h x”32

Ao o mk 1:29, f l h you Cpu,

Ju, J Joh “ h hou of So A” h

Z Joh/Joh fl poly oup oo (“hou”)

uou h l ouy33 P A, o

Bh, l Cpu u Ju’ y, h

30 J A wlo, ANET , pp 433-3431mhl G o h “h [fh pkl] ol , o

oly fo h h of h o, h fh-hop of Jul, u lo fo hRo y of oupo, h o of h Ro p ou Pl” Saint Peter: A Biography (N Yok: S, 1995), p 56

32Slo Loff, “Cpu—Ju’ O Cy,” Bible and Spade 10/1 (1981): 5 Ah-olo uh insula

33“h hou hz y l ou uou y ll ll h hlf of x fly ou oul ou I h ou o, - fo o h oof, oly o x o h ” Vlo zf, “Cpu,”

NEAEHL 1:292





o hh Z h o pl h fh Ju, o

o hou hlf (m 8:20; Lk 9:58), So A’

u u h Gll y (mk 1:36)34 h of lo fly xp y Ju h Gll pol

poly oh h p o of h Gopl, p-

lly Noh A ho pz h py p I

lo oh o h, p h xoy l Ju p-

fo oh Bh Cpu, h ou Choz,

Bh Cpu fo h flu o p (m 11:20-24; Lk

10:13-15) First-century fishing techniques and the Gospels. h hqu of

fh o h lk ol h h o l

Boh of l h fo oul op y o po

lo h ho o fo o h y h

h h h, u o k p f fh (m

4:18) h o l , y o, qu o l

popl o op ffly Af h o o offho o p

, l h f lo o h op h o h

oo l ou llo o k fo ly l ll

fo h uf o h lk oo h o h o, plll

o h ho, h h l h fo lo ll h

o h ouh o ho, o l h oh

of h u o h ho h h Dp

o h z of h , h oul qu l popl o oh o-

l A o o h h l l l

foo ou h p o l y f fh A f lo

oul h ou h ou of h l o h

uf o o pu fh h o jup o h op of h

l h ko h ho I o, o

oul l o h l of h l ploy I h

, o u o h o h fh fo h h

y h h po of ulou f of fh Luk 5:1-11ou lk h hqu h fl p

34Fo floo pl of h hou houh o P’, J F S Hhl Shk,“H h Hou wh Ju Sy Cpu B Fou?” BAR 8/6 (1982): 26-37





lo , qu h o o l ul

l fh (m 13:47-50) h y k fo fh h

o ll of Gll (J 6:9) o o h o of P Ju o h ouh35

Al, fh y of l hook, o uko

o o h Gopl of mh h h po -

ol h pl x (m 17:24-27) A Ju’ qu, P

hook o h lk h f fh h uh h o ouh,

stater oh o h, hu po h qu py fo

oh Ju P I ll u h f of h l h foo ffo ll op houh hh p

o P’ kou h ll y u ( u-

l) quo, u l po o u of h

o Gll fh h f uy ad

Fo h o p, ou po of P p o po

h Gopl hh h h o o ply l ol

Aly, ou h lf ul o h of -

l ho py pupo oh qu ou ou of

f o ll oju I h u of h ,

hly oh Sll, y opo, h Gopl p -

oly ll ouo h p ll oh h f-

fo36 I h x hp, I ll x o loly h x of h

Gopl fo o lu ou h

35R ho h h Holy L y h joy lou fh o- of fh fh fo h S of Gll A fo h o-ll S P’ fh, p of lp ll musht A u ol f l o I hhly o !

36I h o hol ho p o ll uo-fol h y ho ppoh o h Gopl I pp h h of oh ypof u h ho ppoh, fully ploy, ll h pl hl o h hooloy hol u lly whl u hy po of P ouo, o lo h ou popo y o I oh o, o kol h o of ou hoolo

h ; hy uj, h ul of l h h lf- y h ulply of of h Gopl ll ll hol-hp u h h Gopl ll hol ou Coquly, ou-o o ll fou Gopl o oly pol uk u lo l o—-’ hoy of h Gopl o u p I y , o y o qu h x o pl o ppoh o h oh





Questions For Discussion

1 wh lu h y o ou h kou of

l fu h ly huh?2 wh pflly o xo of P’ lf Gl-

l fh ou o u h l ol

p l h Ju o?

3 why Ju l joy of h pol fo Gll?

why ’ h l pol fo h lou of Ju-

Jul?

4 why o Ju So k? wh lohpo h h o h l hoy of Il?

5 Ho o h oju ou pol khp h o

of h pol l you u of Ju’ y

l ly huh hoy?

For Further Reading

Bo, Ryo , Kl P Dof Joh Ru, , Peter in the New Testament mpol/N Yok: Auu/Pul, 1973 Pp 7-20

Cull, O Peter: Disciple—Apostle—Martyr: A Historical and Theo-logical Essay l y Floy V Flo 2 Phllph: w-

, 1962 Pp 17-23

Fok-Jko, F J Peter : Prince of Apostles Loo: Ho & Souho,

1927 Pp 23-30

G, mhl Saint Peter: A Biography N Yok: S, 1995 Pp 3-50

m, Rlph P “P” ISBE 3:802-3 G Rp: , 1986muphy-O’Coo, Jo “Fh of m: wh w Ko of h F

Dpl fo h Pofo” BR 25/3 (1999): 22-27, 48-49

Nu, ml “Po of Gll” BAR 25/4 (1999): 8-31

Pk, Ph Peter : Apostle for the Whole Church Colu: Uy of

Souh Col P, 1994 Pp 18-26, 38-41

Px, Bl With Jesus Through Galilee According to the Fifth Gospel Roh

P: Coz, 1992 Pp 33-40




2

P H gPL

part one

Call to Confession

ll four gospels indicate h So o h f fou

ul o o pl of Ju (J 1:35-42; mk 1:16-20; m

4:18-22; Lk 4:38)1 H ly p of Ju mh

poly fo ou fo h p o h l

Early Convert

Simon’s summons to discipleship. Ju polly uo So o

pl H ll ou lo h ho of h S of Gll h

h oh A h o h lk (mk 1:16)

Ju ll h o “fh fo popl” (mk 1:17) Sholy hf, Ju

ll oh of oh, J Joh, h o of Z, ho h (mk 1:16-17) hy o oly l h ;

hy lo l h fh h h h h o (mk 1:20;

m 4:18-22) Luk’ ou of h ll o plhp o fully

lop lu ulou h of fh (Lk 5:1-11) h

1Fo hlpful ul o p h Gopl, G R Oo, The Hermeneutical Spiral (Do Go, Ill: IVy P, 1991), pp 153-72; Goo D F Doul Su-, How to Read the Bible for All Its Worth (3 ; G Rp: Zo, 2003), pp 127-

48l; ohy w, Interpreting Gospel Narratives: Scenes, People and Theology (Nhll:B&H A, 2010) S lo w’ o hl Peter in the Gospel Narratives: Pat-tern, Personality and Relationship (wUN 2127; ü: moh Sk, 2000) Fo -uo of ho op lo, mk All Poll, “N- C,” Hearing the New Testament : Strategies for Interpretation ( Jol B G;G Rp: , 1995), pp 239-55




Peter in the Gospels: Part One 33

po p h P’ u of ho

Ju , o fo p (“m”) o (“Lo”)2

So f pp oo ho ho o Ju foPuly, So l o Ju’ h, lo h h l

o o h hol3 H h o h x l o o

Ju’ qu o l o h , houh h h lo ll

h h o ul h ulou hul p h

l (“fll oh o, o h hy o k”) Luk’ ou

hu po opll o fo h fou pl’ up o

o lk y fo h fh u: Ju ofo h h ply of po uhoy So’ o, “Go y fo

, Lo, fo I ful !” (Lk 5:8) ho h of h poph

mo (x 3:5-6), Ih (I 6:5) zkl (zk 1:28), h of

ho xp hophy (fo of Go l

fo) oo h h poph ll4

Joh’ Gopl fuh llu h pl’ up o

h l h h Gll uo o plhp o h

f ou h Ju Po o h So ou o Ju

h Jo Vlly oo h Joh h Bp’ l

o— ll fo ol p ppo fo h o

of mh I f, Ju’ f o o pp o h

A, So’ oh, u pl, oh of ho

pl of Joh h Bp h u pl ooly

f “h o ho Ju lo” (J 13:23; 19:25-27; 20:1-10;

21:1-14, 20-24), Joh h o of Z

Af p o h Ju, A fh h oh

So xly ou: “w h fou h mh” (J

2 w, Interpreting Gospel Narratives , pp 14-203No f fo Cpu l l l o hh ju uh oul h ou (“By of h Pl”) h ou h fou qu qu fo l o of l hou S Bl Px, With Jesus Through Galilee According to the Fifth Gospel (Roh P: Coz, 1992), pp 41-42

4I k h h Epistle of Barnabas , po-N ou l ly o ad70 135, h pol popl ho “ ful yo ll u o oo h ‘h o o o ll h hou, u ’” (Barn 5:9) mhlG ll o o ly fo ll “ oo” h O mo of hfu of poph ll f plll h l l oo of So P h NS G, Saint Peter : A Biography (N Yok: S, 1995), pp 106-7





1:41) h po pl h ll h h pouly po o

h Bp’ ph (J 1:6-9) Af phlly y h o

u (J 1:19-27), h Bp xplly f Ju “h L of Go ho k y h of h ol” (J 1:29)

“h So of Go” ( J 1:34) h p of A u

pl houh hy hly p h full po of h l, hy

l Ju o h po mh5

B h fo, A So o Ju

Look So, Ju y, “ ‘You So o of Joh You o

ll Cph’ (hh l P)” (J 1:42) h u,lk poph ol, pl pul kol o h p of

Ju houl poly p h lh h -

u h Nhl (J 1:47-51) I h f h

Ju, P’ u ol h Ju o ly fo-

ho I ho, Roky o l o h po-

l6 h u ll lo h S of Gll o Ju’ pl

luh So oul h

Observer of Jesus’ first miracle at Cana. I h Gopl of Joh, Ju

x pp C of Gll I o o Ju

h fly, h pl o h lo (J 2:1-2) Khp,

fhp u poly ou fo h lu7

I f, my’ y h Slo, Z’ f ( m

27:56; mk 15:40; 16:1; J 19:25)8 If h h , h

up oluo h J Joh, o of Z, Ju’

f ou9 whh h o o o, Ju’ f o l,

5S Psalms of Solomon 17:21-44; 18:5-9, php fo Ph l O h, Ly R Hly, Exploring Jewish Literature of the Second Temple Period (Do Go, Ill:IVy P, 2002), p 389, m Lk, “Pl of Soloo,” DNTB , p 855 OQu , C A , “mh,” EDSS 1:537-42 olu, “ oul pp h o of h jo po Qu o uh ff foh of oh pou, hopful J” (1:539)

6“h poly polp, p h h P oul k h pl pll pol (Gl 2:9) fouo o, hh h h oh pol o

ol o h opl (ph 2:20; R 21:14)” Rlph P m, “P,” ISBE 3:8037G R Bly-muy u h pl oul ko Ju’ fly ( John [2 ; wBC 36; Dll: wo, 1999], p 34)8S h l uo hp 1 S lo Bly-muy, John, pp 348-49, B who III, “Slo,” ABD 5:906-79 A po u y J A Roo, Priority of John (Loo: SCm, 1985), pp 118-22 By





h o , h h pl’ oo: h

h mh ( J 2:11)

Jesus as Simon’s house guest. I Joh’ Gopl, f h l C, Ju o o o h ll of Cpu h h oh, h oh

h pl (J 2:12) Ao o mk’ Gopl, Ju y S-

o’ hou (mk 1:21, 29; 2:1), u h k f Slo,

Z’ f P’ oh--l, lo my’ (m

27:56; mk 15:40; J 19:25) L, mk fo u h Ju’ fly,

l h ooy h hll uo ll y

h Jul , p o h fo ou h -y (mk 3:21-22, 31-35) Joh’ Gopl fo u h u h -

y Ju’ oh o l h (J 7:5)10

Du Ju’ So’ hou, h hl So’ oh-

-l of f—o h, o l (mk 1:30) Rkly, h

ly u h u ho11 h hl, h f of

f uh hl of o o mk, fuh fo S-

o’ fh Ju h po mh Vy lkly, y J

ly y of hl u h -

oy o h Qu f of x ll “R-

po Ruo” (4Q521) uo h h x-

oy x Go’ mh o ho l po,

h o h l, up ho ho o o, hl h

lly ou, h , ph oo o h f-

fl h h huy ( Lk 7:18-23)12 h , f

o, R Al Culppp olu “h hl Joh h o of Z’ oh y h Slo, pou o ul oh f o h of h l” ( John,the Son of Zebedee [Colu: Uy of Souh Col P, 1994], p 9)

10m Hl yly o h “[Ju’] oh h lohp hh oh u Ju’ lf” (Saint Peter: The Underestimated Apostle [ ho H pp; G Rp: , 2010], p 10)

11 h y xpl hy h oh of J Joh h h huzph o k h h o o ho lo Ju (m 20:20-23) If Z’ f, Slo, So’ oh--l, h lo h o ho Ju hl hu Ju o oly h hou u

u lo h ho pl fo o h Sh y lo h h u Fo h o, hy h pu h h o qu pl of pl hoo pl fo h o o, Ju’ f ou Bu f y oju ufou, lo oo h l-l fhful uppo of Ju’ y y h o ouh fo h ohqu (m 27:55-56)

12Fo h x f oy, mhl w, m A J Cook,





h, Ju pfo y oh hl xo (mk 1:32-

34), oo h ly kyok f Gll (mk 1:28, 37)

So, lk h o, oly o xl: “w h yh lk h!” (mk 2:12)

Sfly, So ho h up h o f Ju

h h oly h fo h huu fo of qu

py o h ly o hou So’ xlo,

“yo h fo you” (mk 1:37), y u p-

o o h h o php ly y

jo u ou Ju’ o h po mhof Il13 h o l h Ju uk P C-

Phlpp (mk 8:32-33)

Leader and Spokesman in the Jesus Movement

So u h ol pok fo h l pol H, lo

h J Joh, ou l of h h h

l oup of l Bu h lly h oz l

h h l oup

Apostolic appointment. Ju’ ppo of l pol ky

o fh h yol (mk 3:13-19; m 10:1-4; Lk

6:12-16) h h h u l lly

yolz ouo of h l of Il,

Il Ju h o o ouy fulfll

h poph of Jh zkl (J 31:31-34; zk

34:25-31; 36:24-28; f Lk 22:20; 1 Co 11:25)14 H follo ou

h of h u Il (I 10:20-23; Ao 9:9; m 5:3)

h pl o (l oo o h Syop Gopl),

uppl y A (m 10:2-4; mk 3:13-19; Lk 6:13-16; A 1:13),

The Dead Sea Scrolls: A New Translation (S Fo: HpSFo, 1996), pp420-21

13m u So y “o p o H h ol of popul h” (“P,”

3:803) S Joph H Hll, Jesus and the People of God ( Sly Po; N - mooph 21; Shffl: Shffl Phox P, 2007), pp 90-122, fo hlpfuluo of Jh ol Ju’ po o

14O h, So mKh, A New Vision for Israel : The Teachings of Jesus in National Context (G Rp: , 1999), pp 1-14, Pu J Gä, New Covenant, New Com-munity (wyoo, G: Po, 2006), pp 51-57





uppl l of h pol, ll h, So l f;

mh’ Gopl xplly So “f” ( prōtos ) h

ll ou h h h oz pok kol- l of h l, h Gopl hh h

o k l (, m 14:28; 15:15; 18:21; 26:35, 40; mk

8:29; 9:5; 10:28; J 6:68)15 h m lhp pol

Roky o h oup of l Ju xoy po

uhoy, h ou o, ph h oo

of h ko pfo hl xo (mk 6:7-13)

Member of the inner circle. mk’ Gopl h po hh oly P, J Joh llo o p: h hl

of Ju’ uh (mk 5:37), h fuo (mk 9:2-13)

Ju’ oy h G of Gh (mk 14:32-42)16 No

hou , Il, K D’ y lo h h

o ll “h h” (2 S 23:8) I o o h o

po, h Ju l h holol ou o h mou

of Ol, mk o oly h h, plu A (mk 13:3-4)

A’ p poly o fo of h P’ oh

fqu opo h p of fou Apply,

Ju lly oo h oup of h l h

h pool h of y Pul’ l o h Gl

hh h J, Cph Joh “kol pll”

h Jul huh (Gl 2:9) h J o y Pul,

ho, o J h o of Z oh of Joh, u Ju’

hlf-oh (mk 6:3) J of Z l h h pool

o A 1:13 u o o fu y of h o of h ly

Jul huh ul o of h yo A 12:2

h pl y f pp o h o of

Ju’ h o plhp Fo xpl, h h ho

ho o f ( prōtos ) u of ll (m 20:27)

Php, ho, h ouy o p h l All

15“h uou h Gll fh pl of Ju o houplll ly Chy,” Hl, Saint Peter , p 29 S lo h o o pp34, 48, 75, 89 100

16mh l ou h h h fuo Gh (m 17:1; 26:37)





Jh Gl ou of hh h f

uy l o o l h ff h

h Pl Ju o ly h hh lx uhoy h ho h Qu ouy, h

ly op-o uu, ofoy pl o, o-

kly h h Ju o17 houh o

, h Ph hhly uho of lhp

A ll , ff lhp yl h ly

Ch oh lou ou o pp P-

’ f pl (1 P 5:1-11) Peter walks on water. mh uqu xoy

po ol P18 Follo mk, mh ll u h f

h ulou f of h f hou (m 14:13-21), Ju o-

h pl o o h o o o o h oh

() of h lk H h o p

lo py o h hll olook h lk h pl, ho,

h ffuly u hy y o o o o

h I h ly o hou, Ju o “lk o

h o h ” f, hy y ou, “I ho!” (m 14:26)

Ju pl, “k h, I; o o f” (m 14:27)

A h po, mh l uqu o h Gopl (m

14:28-31) P qu Ju’ po, hh , o jo

h o h Rkly, , “So P o ou of h o,

lk o h , o Ju” (m 14:29) A h

o o, ho, h o fh y h poful

17O h ozo of h Qu ouy, Gz V, An Introduction to the Com- plete Dead Sea Scrolls (mpol: Fo, 1999), pp 94-113, Hly, Exploring JewishLiterature , pp 211-18, p pp 221-24

18G D Klpk pk of h po “ qu uplll hol o p oh of h opl l” The Origin of the Gospel According to St. Matthew (Oxfo:Clo, 1946), p 40 Ro H Guy f “fful o h oluo hmh o h l 28-31 fo o, u opo hh o plhp” ( Matthew: A Commentary on His Literary and Theological Art [G

Rp: , 1982], p 300) w D D Dl C Allo J, ho, o ou: “w f ll u pol o o o y f oluo o h u h I of h ol oxo h h f of h f hou (hh hk h hol ), y o u o ful o” ( A Critical and Exegetical Com-mentary on the Gospel According to Saint Matthew [ICC; 3 ol; uh: & Clk,1991], 2:499)





o k I po, h ou, “Lo, !” Ju

p h y h h u h l y o hh h

po ul: “You [] of ll fh, hy you [] ou?”(m 14:31) wh hy o h o, h ly

A ph po o ly oh po, h -

pl ohp Ju y, “uly you h So of Go” (m 14:33)

O ly h pol o of h po P

fuo ypl pl, h o h ouy of -

l h p l ulo -

l h huh h ou of h ul poly h p y of h y h o of o fo

( R 13:1) wh P l h fy of h huh, u h

o y fo Ju fou o h , h

o k Oly h ou o Ju h fo p

uo h pplo l: l u kp fou o

h So, ho l h fo pl19

Bu ho o u mh’ poyl of P h

po? I h po? Do h o

pl ho lk fh? Do poy P pul -

ll ? w h o ly y fo h ol?

O h poyl h o po, ho u lo

o, l x y po ho, oo h ll

pl, xp o of k flu?20 I hk h

l o lkly21 Af ll, P lo o h pl -

qu Ju o h lk o h Apply, h lly u-

19“h Ju ho ulpl h lo fh ho pp o h pl lk oh ho P fo k, h Ju h Lo of h huh ho houh lo ho lly pp o h popl, h hy y ou, fo h l h h h Ju ho ul o u h l of l hly ohp ‘uly h So of Go’” Dol A H, Matthew 14–28 (wBC33B; Dll: wo, 1995), p 425

20“I o o l, ho, hh mh u o P h

xpl of l fh hh o, o fo h k foolhy k h o p h oh o ply hlh h fo xhlo P’ oofo h o o Ju o o xpl” R F, The Gospel of Matthew (G Rp: , 2007), p 567

21H, Matthew, p 423, ply o h “P h poxlly ol oh of fh lk of fh”





22 houh “you of ll fh,” o h o l

h a little fh? No o l olu! No o olook h

f h Ju l Roky Bl y k ofo(plly lh of P’ ofo h oo follo), ko

h h huh, ul o P h Rok, ll uph o h “ of

H,” phol xpo fo h (m 16:18)23 Php h

po o h P l l h h

h “kp h fo you, ho protected by the power of God through faith fo lo y o l h l

” (1 P 1:4-5, l )

Peter’s Confession

P’ ofo C Phlpp h h of mk’

Gopl ( ll mh Luk) I mh, ho, lo

o h oo fo xpl oo y h m h

P ll l h huh h upf fuu (m 16:18-

19) h po of P’ ofo uo y p-

p h pl o (mk 9:27-30; m 16:13-20; Lk 9:18-21)

h ho Joh’ Gopl (J 1:40-42; 6:67-69)

A h po of Ju’ y, p pu-

lo oppoo, h h fo Gll p

h h pl Ho Phlp’ oy C

Phlpp, o y-f l o h oh of Cpu (mk 8:27;

m 16:13) Ju h k h pl k h, “who o

popl y h h So of m ?” (m 16:13) Af ou

po, lu Joh h Bp, ljh, Jh, o o of h

poph, Ju h k h h ll-po quo: “Bu ho o

you y h I ?” (mk 8:29; m 16:15; Lk 9:20) All h Syop

Gopl (f J 6:68-69) h P pk fo h l H

po k kyo of h l: “You h Ch” (mk

1:1; m 1:1; Lk 3:21-38; J 20:31)

22 h o of h o f mh 14:29 houl poly k - o p (, p h of o) S Dl B wll, GreekGrammar Beyond the Basics (G Rp: Zo, 1996), p 558

23Fo h h h “ of H” f o o po, J J, “pu,lh|” TDNT 6:926-28





“Ch” h l “mh”24 h h

up lo o o xp D ho

o h yy o fo loy uh up of p, hou popy (2 S 7:14-17; I 11; J

23:5-8; zk 34:23-31) I h of h f l, h

ok ol poll po25 Bu h ll P -

? mk’ Gopl h oul ffo: “h -

of h oo of Ju Ch, h So of Go” (mk 1:1)26

V lh of h Gopl hol, h l “So of Go” -

Jh, ol— po o Ju’ uBy o ff h o l, o f h P h o y

fully p h? So oul I o ul u -

uo k h l ofo h foo of h o (“uly

h Go’ So,” mk 15:39) h o full l -

ff h op ofo of h Gopl (mk 1:1)

h pol h oh ff mh’

Gopl H xp P’ ofo, h o, “h So of

h l Go” (m 16:16) Luk’ o h “h mh of Go”

(Lk 9:20), u h pp o fuolly qul o “mh”

Shoul h olu h mh’ “So of h l Go”

lk yoyou h “mh”? h lly o h u-

of h hh p ho l quo Ju: “I pu you

u oh fo h l Go, ll u f you h mh, h So

of Go” (m 26:63; f mk 14:61; Lk 22:69) I h O, h

24 h nrsv gnb h “h mh ” h x h “h Ch” fooo (mk 8:29 p) S lo tev, nab neb mo lh o, ho, h “h Ch ” h x A f po fooo h “O h mh” (, nasb, niv) h Gk oChristos , h ox, l houl o l o lh “Ch”u “mh” o “po So” o h lh p h f of h l

25“I l Ju h Ch, P h uppl h pop l, u h h h ou Ju ll o h ’ ol h h h o’ o; h llp f o H ll o fl uff, u uff hlf ‘o

fo y’ ” J R , The Gospel According to Mark (G Rp: , 2002),p 252

26my hol hk h l “So of Go” oy S, , Al Yo Coll, Mark: A Commentary ( Hol w A; H; mpol: Fo, 2007), p130 Fo h mS , Bu m mz, A Textual Commentary on the Greek NewTestament (N Yok: U Bl So, 1971), p 73





H k oul yl Go’ o (2 S 7:14; P 2:7; 89:26-

27) Php, h, P’ ofo mh h houh

o fuh h mk LukBu h oo o o uppo h o U of h l

“So of Go” o h “o of h o xl N

l fo Ju, o h yok o

‘mh’ o o o y quy h u of

hhp o ou l”27 h h h

mh 16:16 y h f h Ju h y

h full , “So P,” p h fo h h u o oh l h lou y h Fh hlf (m

16:16-17) o h houl h hh mh

h oo of Ju Go’ uqu So h Gopl hol

(m 1:20-23; 3:17; 4:1-11; 17:5)

houh h mk Luk of P’ ofo

C o o lu h l “So of Go,” l po

oh Gopl l h h pol ly oz Ju

u h Go lo po (mk 1:27; 2:7; 3:11; f Lk 4:41; mk

4:41; f Lk 8:25) I ho, hy uly ko h Ju o

mh k xpl h pl mk

Luk Bu lo po o o h P’ ofo of Ju

h So of Go ly ; h h pol ll h

lo y o o h opho of h xl po 28 Oly

h fh of h uo h f of h Holy Sp

27Ryo Bo, Kl P Dof Joh Ru, , Peter in the New Testament (mpol/N Yok: Auu/Pul, 1973), p 86 “mh’ p xpo,o uio.j tou/ qeou/, ‘h So of Go,’ f h mh o h hu f u, o-o ho uquly fo of Go, h y of Go ho oho pp Go’ ,” H, Matthew, p 468 So lo F, Matthew, pp 618-19

28 hu P’ u of Ch C Phlpp o y h ll of h -l ho l opo h Gopl A fuh pol h mh’ Goplh ll h pol k h ofo prior o P’ ofo (m 14:33) h o

up P’ ofo C Phlpp F, Matthew, p 571, off plulxplo: “Php h ff h oo of Ju’ o-h-hu u h ox of ohl l [m 14:33] hl foulo C Phlpp of holol ofo hh l hupul (‘So of Go’) l of h xlo h fuol fo of Ju’ ol mh”





Po o full-fl hh Choloy uly 29

hu h u o P’ pl, ou hy y f

P’ ofo, of ly l u of Ju’ Sohp o pp (, 1 P 1:3, 19-21; 2:22; 3:18-19;

2 P 1:1, 11, 17; 2:1, 10; 3:18)

h u o o of h o ly pu o h N

wh ply o h Ju y o P, “A I ll you,

you P, o h ok I ll ul y huh, h of

H ll o pl I ll you h ky of h ko

of h, h you o h ll ou h, h you loo o h ll loo h” (m 16:18-19)?

h f quo h: I P hlf h ok, o h ok h

ofo h k? I h p, ll fflo ully

o’ po Ro Chol ff h fo Po h

l h oplf h uo, oy o f

of u Sll, h o opo h py o

A f-lu of h x qu P h h ok o hh

h huh o ul Suppo h h upo of p-

mh, A o ly h h Gk x of m-

h30 I Gk h ply o o “P” ( petros , )

“ok” ( petra , f) qu hf Suh o h

A— h o h h oh

(Kephā ) kephā )) Fuho, o h l ox of

h p l plll h fuh h f-

lu :

“You h mh” (m 16:16)

“you P” (m 16:18)

“you ul lok” (m 16:23)

I h , ul, hh Ju o P, h uj of

29S I Ho mhll, The Origins of New Testament Christology (Do Go, Ill: I-Vy P, 1976), pp 93-94, 119-23

30Oh o of A o uly h pop h xpo “Soo of Joh” (So Joh), “ of H,” “flh loo” “ loo” SBo l, Peter in the New Testament , pp 90-91





po houh pol, h po h h ok P’

ofo fo Rh, Ju P h o ho

ll x uhoy h h o h ook of A ply ou P’ lhp ol h ly fo y of h

l Chy31

Suh po f y fo h fully lop Ro

Chol h o h o of h ppy O o lolly o

holly opll o kol h l y ff P

( h pol) h fouo of h huh (ph 2:20) S y

o h h N lf o l po huhhoy, I ll o puu fuh32

h o quo o h u of h u-

hoy o o P wh o fo P o h h

“ky of h ko of h” hy o “” “loo” (m

16:19)? h o of “ loo” pp Ju-

I h mhh (o-uy ad ofo of ol, -

po of ll l), fo xpl, h xpo f

o o y , u h po (f o

u ad), o o o h h po-

h (ou) o p (loo) I ox, h o

p of h ll halakah, h , ul fo h ou of lf O

lo f of h oloy h ul

fo h you o h pl33 h Qu

ouy lk ploy l oloy pou fo

o hp pl

(1QH 5:36; 1Qm 5:3; 1Q 22:3, 11; CD 13:10)

P’ ky, h, lkly f o h uho ol h h

o ouy h o of loo h p o

jul o lo ou mh

31“Apply Ju ully h P h ok upo hh H oul ul HChuh P’ l ol h ly Chuh ho A u h p-

o,” o o B V l, “P, So,” ZPEB 4:734 Hl, Saint Peter , p 14,uz h uo follo: “P fuo h ul h of h l of -pl h o huh”

32S lo h ul uy y Bo l, Peter in the New Testament , pp 83-8433S fuh J Nu, “R Lu: mhh of,” DNTB , pp 893-97,

Hl, Saint Peter , pp 4-5





18:18 P hu k h l o o : h ou h

of o h o ouy lh

h l of pl ho h h fllohp Boh k of uhoy f x y P, llu h ook of

A (, , A 1:15-26; 2:14-41; 3:17-26; 4:8-12; 5:1-11, 29-32;

8:14-25; 10:34-48; 11:1-18)34 I lo l h h uhoy o

o h; h pu h fo A olll x-

of h “ky” y pol poph (, Sph Phlp)

h h Ju o

Jesus rebukes Peter. mo Bl of So P’up o O o h h ho; h x h h o35

A h po (m 16:22-23), o oo h h l-

ofo of fh, p fo h -

lo l o h ol of l h huh h h o h

of uk y h m

I po o Ju’ po of h ppoh h h

h of h lou uho, P k h uk

h: “Go fo , Lo! h u hpp o you” (m 16:22)

Ju P’ ffo oh ul y h Dk Lo S

o h h fl f h l flu o Ju

fo h p o (m 4:1-11); h h , fo

oh oo, “ oppou ” (Lk 4:13) P uly po-

h oppou I pouly o o h f h

P lo ly ho ol hop fo h Ju o

Alhouh Ju h pok oply ou h p h, P

o fho ho h f o h pol of h ko36

Ch h U S of A yphz h

P; o, oo fll py o qu ol poll

34 A D Allo pu , “P h uho h hou p,” Saint Matthew,p 639

35 w, Interpreting Gospel Narratives , p 180, o x po h Gopl of mh

hh “P y o o oh h oo o, u h ly ouoo o flu”

36“Ju u o o h h true of P’ ofo Fo h, P hpl qu upp” (, Mark, p 252, l ol) “h of uf-f mh fo o h [P], h hy h o h o hhly p fo h ‘S’ k” (G, Saint Peter , p 66)





pf h Ju’ ko Lk P, uly of “

you o o h u o hu h” (m 16:23) Ju’

uk of P pol u o uqu; h o y, h l pokpo fo h l, h hly h Bu k o

k ou , h o lo h ; h oh lo

hh h ofu P, h uk h

ll P ll flly h H l f l h u

I h f l, h o lly p h y of Ju’ uff

fo h loy: “h Sp of Ch h h [h poph] -

h f o h uff fo Ch h uqu loy” (1 P 1:11) No hff of Jh, -

ol y P’ pl

P’ ofo, lk h Ju’ ou of h -

p h, h uk of P h qu fo plhp

h po of Ju’ y h Syop Gopl (m

16:13-27; mk 8:27-38; Lk 9:18-27)37 h o , Ju

“[] h f o o o Jul” (Lk 9:51) Ou x hp

P’ jouy o Jul h l of Po wk

Questions For Discussion

1 Cop P’ uo o pl h ou of

poph ll h O wh l ff o

you ?

2 Ho o o ll fou Gopl ou of P’

uo ho lh o h po po? wh h

h h Gopl hou f o h oh?

3 why o you hk Ju l P h fuu l of

h Ju o?

4 Do you h h h Ju’ ho of l pol

37 h Gopl of Joh oz o o ly ff h: ook of (J1:19–12:50) follo y ook of loy (J 13:1–20:31) h o ooy u opl-

y o h of h Syop All of h foo Syop h pp Joh,houh ff ox h ff foulo (, , J 6:68-69; 2:19-22;12:23-33; 8:12–10:42; 13:6-9) Luk lo h ff o oh ozolh fo h o-olu ok, ol o po of lo hoy wh h l uu, ho, P’ ofo ll o h of Ju’ y h of mh’ Gopl





f yolz Il? If o, h you

xplo?

5 why o you hk Ju po P, J Joh uquxp foo o h oh pol? I

h ou ho l?

6 Do you h h po of lk o (m

14:28-33), mh poy P p fo ll -

l?

7 why P’ ofo C Phlpp u po

h Syop Gopl?8 wh you po of Ju’ lo: “You P,

o h ok I ll ul y huh, h of H

ll o pl ” (m 16:18)?

9 Do you h y l h Ch o ofu

h ko of Go h h o poll ? C

h fo huh hoy h ?

For Further Reading

Bo, Ryo , Kl P Dof Joh Ru, Peter in the New Testament mpol: Auu, 1973 Pp 57-69, 75-101, 109-19

Cull, O Peter : Disciple —Apostle—Martyr. Phllph: w-

, 1953 Pp 17-32

, J R The Gospel According to Mark G Rp: ,

2002

Fok-Jko, F J Peter : Prince of Apostles Loo: Ho & Souho,1927 Pp 45-62

F, R The Gospel of Mark: A Commentary on the Greek Text G

Rp: , 2002

——— The Gospel of Matthew NICN G Rp: , 2007

G, mhl Saint Peter : A Biography N Yok: S, 1995 Pp

53-85

Hl, m Saint Peter: The Underestimated Apostle l y

ho F pp G Rp: , 2010 Pp 1-48Huo, L w “Gopl (G)” DJG Do Go, Ill: IVy

P, 1992 Pp 276-82

m, Rlph P “P” ISBE. G Rp: , 1986 3:802-7





Oo, G R The Hermeneutical Spiral. Do Go, Ill: I-

Vy P, 1991 Pp 149-73

Pk, Ph Peter : Apostle for the Whole Church Colu: Uy of Souh Col P, 1994 Pp 52-62, 66-74, 84

P, Nhol “Gopl” DTIB. G Rp: Bk, 2005 Pp 264-68

V l, B “P, So” ZPEB 5 ol G Rp: Zo,

1977 4:733-39

The Life and Witness of Peter by Larry R. Helyer

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