The Layout
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Transcript of The Layout
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The Layout
• Inner Rocky Planets
• Asteroid Belt
• Outer Gas Giants
• Kuiper Belt
• Oort Cloud
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Planets
• “Wandering Stars” or “Wanders” (Greek)
• Discovery of Uranus (1781) and Neptune (1846)
• Discovery of Pluto (1930) later reclassified as a dwarf planet
• Discovery of Eris (2003) later reclassified as a dwarf planet
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Planets
• International Astronomical Union (IAU) 2006 definition:
• a planet is a celestial body that– is in orbit around the Sun, – has sufficient mass to assume hydrostatic
equilibrium (a nearly round shape), and – has cleared the neighbourhood around its
orbit.
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Rocky Planets
• Mercury
• Venus
• Earth
• Mars
Images: www.nasa.gov
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Asteroids
• Orbit between Mars and Jupiter
• Rocky objects too small to be called planets
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Images: www.nasa.gov
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Gas Giant Planets
• Jupiter
• Saturn
• Uranus
• Neptune
Images: www.nasa.gov
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Kuiper Belt
• Disk-shaped region past Neptune 30-50 AU from the Sun
• Similar to asteroid belt, but much larger—20 times as wide and 20–200 times as massive
• Kuiper Belt Objects (KBOs): Icy “asteroids”
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Poor Pluto?
Images: http://web.gps.caltech.edu/~mbrown/dwarfplanets/
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Dwarf Planets
• A "dwarf planet" is a celestial body that – is in orbit around the Sun, – has sufficient mass for its self-gravity to
overcome rigid body forces so that it assumes a hydrostatic equilibrium (nearly round) shape,
– has not cleared the neighbourhood around its orbit, and
– is not a satellite.International Astronomical Union (IAU) 2006
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Dwarf Planets
• Orbits in the Asteroid Belt:– Ceres
• Orbits in the Kuiper Belt:– Pluto– Eris – MakeMake – Haumea
Image: www.nasa.gov
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Comets
• “dirty snowballs”• Highly elliptical orbits
around the Sun• As they get close to
the Sun, the ices “melt” and trail out behind the comet making a “tail”
• “tails” always point away from the Sun
Image: http://spaceplace.jpl.nasa.gov/en/kids/phonedrmarc/2004_january.shtml
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Images: www.nasa.gov
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Oort Cloud
• Proposed in 1950 by Dutch astronomer Jan Oort
• Spherical shell of icy bodies surrounding the solar system
• Origin of “long period” comets (200+ years)
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