The introduction in hygiene

Ovidiu Tafuni

1. The hygiene is a medical sciense that has

as obiect of study, the human health and

factors that have an impact it. Its averall

goal is the protection and the promotion of

health. The hygiene studies the impact of

the enviromental factors (natural and

special) the human health and issues

sanitary and normative measures and laws

in order to provide the best hygienic

conditions and for leving and work.

2. The sanitary measures and laws aim at:

• the prevention, the spreading of disease,

the reduction of the morbidity, mortality

and the increase life span;

• the maintainance and the promotion of

the healthy life style;

• the stimulation of labour capacity.

3. The theoretical field of the hygiene is:

• the sources of polution of the

anvironment;

• the impact of different factor of natural

and social character on the biosphere;

• the effect of this impact;

• toxic substancies, transition laws;

• the general laws of the harmful action of

factors on the human body.

4. The hygiene, its content and

theoretical and practical

importance are in close connection

with several notions, such as:

• sanitation;

• prevention of desease;

• health.

a) The sanitation is a practical activity used

to increasing the respect of the hygienic

norms and rules, and the implementation

of the hygienic measures.

b) Prevention of disease (prophylacticmeasures) covers the theoreticalknowledge and the practical measures(such as; economic, social, cultural andsanitary), which contribute to themaintenance of good health conditions.

• There are three types of prophylacticmeasures:

• Primary prophylactic measures;

• Secondary prophylactic measures;

• Tertiary prophylactic measures.

• 1a) The goal of the primary prophylacticmeasures is fighting risk factors generatedby human ecosystems.

• 2a) The objectives of the secondaryprophylactic measures are:

• early disease detection in pre-morbid states.

• the prevention of the complications of thedisease.

• 3a) The tertiary prophylactic measureconsists in completing the treatment so as toavoid recidives.

• C1) According to World Health Organizationthe health is the good physical, psychicaland social state of each person in particularand the population in general.

• C2) The health is the result of the adaptationof human being to the environment.

• There are two types of factors thatinfluence the human health:

• external: physical, chemical and biologicalfactors;

• internal: genetic factors.

The factors can also be classified into sanogene and pathological.

5. Risk factors (pathological factors)

1. Unhealthy life style:

• avereabing;

• drug addiction;

• tabacco smoking;

• medicine abuse;

• alcohol;

• sedenbary life sbyle …

2. Biological factors:

• hereditary factors

• personal predisposition.

3. Unfavorarble environtnent:

• unfaiourable climatic canditions;

• air polution;

• sudden changes of climatic

conditions;

• over exposing to sun.

4. Medical assistance risk factors:

• professional ignorance;

• late medical assistance.

6. Then ways of intoxication

• They are through respiratory system,

digestive system, and skin

penetration.

• The ways of intoxication determine:

• The localiyation.

• The peculiarity of the clinic

symptoms.

7. The efects: (of the intoxication)

• Severe, and chronycal.

• Genetical modification, and

blood illnesses.

• Worstening the life conditions

of the population.

8. The effects depend on:

• the origin of toxic factors;

• the way of intoxication;

• the localiyation (on the topics of the

toxic substance);

• the individual receiptiveness;

• the peqularity of the collectifs under

the influence of the toxic factors;

• the expozition and the way of

elimination.

9. Research Method.

We can distinguish tree groups of reseach methods:

1. Determination and research of the factors.

2. Research methods of the effects of the factors on human body.

• Descriptive Method

• laboratory method;

• chemical method;

• physical method;

• biological method;

• bacteriological method;

• physialogical method;

• clinical method;

• epidemiological method;

• statistical method;

• experimental method.

Hygienic norm a hygienic norm

previeus a strictkrly determined range

(the admissible concentrations) of

factors, which is harmless for the

human activity and health, of the

population and future generation.

• The main principles of hygienic norm.

• Gnarantee principle.

• The principle of differnciation of the

maximal admissible concentration.

• The complex principle.

Thank you for atention