The Inner Solar System
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Transcript of The Inner Solar System
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The Inner Solar System• The four inner planets are all
relatively small and dense, and have rocky surfaces.
• The terrestrial planets are planets similar in structure to Earth.
• Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars are called the terrestrial planets.
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The Sun• The sun’s energy is produced in
its central region by the fusion of hydrogen nuclei into helium nuclei.
• The sun remains stable because the inward pull of gravity balances the outward push of thermal pressure from nuclear fusion.
Nuclear_Fusion_Joins_Atoms Nuclear_Fusion_Creates_New_Elements
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The Sun’s Interior• The sun’s interior consists of the
core, the radiation zone, and the convection zone.
• Core – is the sun’s central region, where nuclear fusion occurs.
• Radiation Zone – is a region of compressed gas. Energy is transferred by the absorption and reradiation of electromagnetic waves.
• Convection Zone – The outer layer of the sun. energy is transferred outwardly by convection currents.
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The Sun’s Atmosphere• Photosphere – the
innermost layer of the sun’s atmosphere. It is the visible surface.
• The photosphere is not a solid, but it is considered the surface.
• Astronomers can’t see through the photosphere.
• The_Photosphere_and_the_Solar_Wind
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The Sun’s Atmosphere
• Chromosphere – is the middle layer of the sun’s atmosphere.
• At high temperatures, hydrogen emits a reddish color.
• Chromosphere means “sphere of color”
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Corona
• The corona is the outermost layer of the sun’s atmosphere.
• The gases are thin at this layer
• The chromosphere and corona can only be seen during solar eclipses.
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Stages of Solar Eclipse
• The corona can only be seen from Earth during a total solar eclipse or when viewed with a special telescope.
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Features of the Sun’s Atmosphere
• Sunspots – small dark regions on the sun’s surface.
• Sunspots are areas of gas in the photosphere that are cooler than the surrounding gases.
• Sunspots give off less energy
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Other Features• Prominences – occur near sunspots. They
are huge loops of gas that erupts.• Solar Flares – the sun’s surface erupts
hurling charged particles into space
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Review Concepts• What is the source of the sun’s energy?• Nuclear fusion in the sun’s core.• What two forces in the sun interact to produce a stable structure?• Gravity and the thermal pressure from fusion.• List the layers of the sun’s interior from the center outward and
describe each one.• Core: central region where fusion takes place; Radiation zone: middle
layer, energy is transferred by radiation; convection zone: outer layer, energy is transferred by convection.
• List the layers of the sun’s atmosphere• Photosphere, chromosphere, corona• List three features that exist on the sun’s surface.
•Sunspots, Prominences, and Solar flares
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Debbie’s sun
Exploring_Space__The_Universe
Video_Quiz__The_Sun__Our_Star_Attraction
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Mercury• Mercury is the smallest of the
terrestrial planets and the closest planet to the sun.
• Mercury is a dense planet with a very large iron core.
• Mercury is geologically dead.• There is no mantle convection
within the planet and little erosion on its surface.
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Venus• Venus’s thick atmosphere is
composed mostly of carbon dioxide, which traps heat and raises the planet’s temperature.
• Venus’s atmosphere contains droplets of sulfuric acid.
• Average surface temperature 460 degrees.
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Mars
• Mars is the most Earthlike of all of the planets. The weathering of iron rock on its surface gives the planet a reddish color. This is why Mars is called the “Red Planet.”
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Mars
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Asteroids• Beyond Mars is a region of
small, rocky bodies called asteroids that orbit the sun.
• This region is referred as the asteroid belt
• Scientist now hypothesize that asteroids are remnants of the early solar system that never came together to form a planet