Solar System is heliocentric - Mrs. Smit's Science...
Transcript of Solar System is heliocentric - Mrs. Smit's Science...
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THE SOLAR SYSTEM
Solar System is heliocentric
Earth and other planets
revolve around the Sun.
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SOLAR SYSTEM PARTS
Sun
Planets
Four Inner Planets
Four Outer Planets
Comets, Asteroids,
Meteors
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THE SUN
It is our most important star.
Made up of ¾ hydrogen, ¼
helium.
Has two major parts
Interior
Atmosphere
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SUN’S INTERIOR
Interior has 3 Layers
Core
Radiation
Zone
Convection
Zone
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THE CORE
Inside of interior
Where Sun produces its
energy
Nuclear Fusion takes placeH + H + H + H gravity He + Energy, Light, and Heat
Temperature Increases
15,000,000 oC
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RADIATION ZONE
Middle Layer of interior
Area of very tightly packed gas
Energy transferred mainly by electromagnetic radiation
So dense it can take 100,000 years for energy to move through
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CONVECTION ZONE
Outside layer of interior
Hot gases rise from bottom of
zone and cool at top
Cool gas sinks then reheats and
hot gas rises
Convection Current: moves
energy toward the Sun’s
surface
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THE SUN’S ATMOSPHERE
Sun’s atmosphere has 3 layers
Photosphere
Chromosphere
Corona
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PHOTOSPHERE
Photo means light: Light Sphere
This is the visible layer of the
Sun
Called the “surface of the Sun”
looks like a restless boiling pot of
liquid
NOT A SOLID SURFACE
Temperature is less than 6000 oC
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CHROMOSPHERE
Chromo means
color: color sphere
Red/Pink Color
Seen at the beginning and
end of a total solar eclipse
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CORONA
Corona means
crown
Looks like a white halo
Only seen during a total
solar eclipse
extends millions of kilometers
into space as solar wind
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FEATURES OF THE SUN
Sunspots: areas of gas on the Sun’s
surface that are cooler than the
gases around them.
Cool areas don’t give off much light
Appear dark
The number varies over an 11 year
time period
Shows Sun also on an axis
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FEATURES OF THE SUN
Prominences: huge reddish
loops of gas
Often connect sunspots
Can extend
over the edge
of the Sun
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FEATURES OF THE SUN
Solar Flares: eruptions in the sunspots that release energyinto space
Can interfere with communication on
Earth
Short duration
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FEATURES OF THE SUN
Solar Wind: Continuous
stream of high energy
particles released into space by
corona
Causes the auroras
Increased by increasing
solar flare strength
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INNER PLANETS
Terrestrial planets
Small and dense
Rocky Surfaces
Closest to Sun
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4 INNER PLANETS
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
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OUTER PLANETS
Gas Giants
Very Large
No Solid Surfaces
Many Moons
Rings: thin disk of small
particles of ice and rocks
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4 OUTER PLANETS
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
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PLUTO
Not considered a planet any
more
Solid Surface
Smaller and denser than
Earth
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OTHER OBJECTS IN SPACE
Comet: loose collection of
ice, dust, and small rocky
particles whose orbit is long
and narrow ellipses.
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OTHER OBJECTS
IN SPACE
Asteroid: Rocky objects
that are orbiting around the
Sun
too small and
numerous to
be planets
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OTHER OBJECTS
IN SPACE
Meteoroid: chunk
of rock or dust in
space
Meteor: streak of light in the sky produced by burning of meteoroid in Earth’s atmosphere.
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