The Inferno Dante Alighieri. Dante: Poet Exiled from Florence White Guelph 1265 – 1321 Places...
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Transcript of The Inferno Dante Alighieri. Dante: Poet Exiled from Florence White Guelph 1265 – 1321 Places...
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The InfernoDante Alighieri
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Dante: Poet Exiled from Florence
White Guelph
1265 – 1321
Places enemies in hell Politicians Poets (Ovid , Lucan) Church figures
Commentary on corruption Popes
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Dante: Character
Travels through hellNature of sin
Symbolic of human race
Sympathy towards shades suffering
Emotional, fainting
Contrasts the feelings of the author
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Virgil
Condemned to Limbo(1st circle)
Master, Guide, Teacher
Guides and protects Dante through hell
Teaches morals and God’s justification
Represents human rationality and reason
Deliberate, determined, wise
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Canto IDark wood, facing sunlit hill
Leopard, Lion, She-wolf
Back to the wood, Virgil
Can’t pass the beasts,
propose as a guide through Hell
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Canto II
• Feel not worthy
• Virgil comfort him => how he has been send to him
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Canto IIIVestibule, hear sighs from the damned souls
Souls rejected by Heaven and Hell => no hope of truly dying
Meet Charon
Strong wind disturbs Dante’s senses => fall on the ground
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Canto IVFirst circle : Limbo
Meet people around the only light
Reach a castle => “bearing told of great authority” and “master sage”
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Canto VSecond circle : Lustful
Minos
First time see souls being punished
Constantly whirling without hope of rest
Francesca and Paolo => pity => faint
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Canto VIThird circle : Gluttons
Punishment = discomfort
Cerberus
Ciacco
Plutus
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Canto VIIConfronting Plutus – fourth circle :Prodigal and Miserly
2 semicircles – clashing
Fortune
Fifth circle (river Styx) : wrathful
Fight forever
Tower
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Canto VIIIBefore reaching the tower => Phlegyas
Attacked by Filippo Argenti
City of Dis => fiendish angels threating
Virgil comfort, argue
Slam doors
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Canto IXGate of Dis
Lack of Divine aid
Three furies
Call for Medusa
Heavenly messenger approaches
Enter into sixth circle- vast setting
Torment by Heretics
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Canto XTombs of heretics
Epicureans
Farinata interrupts
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Canto XIEdge of seventh circle
Explanation of next three circles and subdivisions
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Canto XIIFirst ring of seventh circle
River of blood
Navigate around the river
Guard (Nessus) names 3 shades within the river
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Canto XIIISecond ring
Enters forest (Shade trees)
Formation of Shade trees
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Canto XIVEdge of third ring
Divisions (zones)
Explanation of blasphemers (zone 1- within)
Happen across another “Red River”
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Canto XVSecond zone
Explanation of sodomites
Happen across Latini (Shade)
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Canto XVIStill in second zone
Sinners from Florence
Virgil asks for Dante’s belt
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Canto XVIIGeryon (Fraud)
3rd Zone
UsurersPreventing art
Greed/Money
Furthering Mankind
Rain of Fire
Purses/Emblems around Neck
Down to 8th Circle
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Canto XVIIIMalebolge (Evil Pouches)
Wall, 10 ridges, pit
1st Pouch
Panderers/Seducers
Demons with whips
2nd Pouch
Flatterers
“Foul sight”
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Canto XIX3rd Pouch
Simoniacs (pardoners)
Pope Nicholas III
Dante’s Criticism
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Canto XX4th Pouch
Astrologers, Magicians, Diviners
Continuous line
Face backwards
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Canto XXI5th Pouch
Grafters/Conmen
Positions of power
Greed
Tar Pits
Malebranche (evil claws)
Malacoda (leader)
Time frame: Good Friday
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Canto XXIIStill 5th pouch
Speak with Barterer
Virgil and Dante run from Malebranche
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Canto XXIIISlide down to 6th pouch
Escape Malebranche
Hypocrites
Lead lined clothing
Caiphus (preist to Pontius Pilate)
Crucified
Dante gets directions
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Canto XXIVRocky descent to 7th pouch
Thieves
Serpents chasing shades
“Stealing” formsCatch, bite, burn, recreated
Dante’s Political Party
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Canto XXVThree shades
Six footed serpent
Merge forms
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Canto XXVIEighth Circle, Eighth Pouch
Flames-contain souls of sinners that committed a fraud
Ulysses and Diomedes – Trojan Horse
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Canto XXVIIGuido de Montefeltro – advisor to the Pope
Release from guilt cannot come before repentance, which cannot come before the sin
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Canto XXVIIIEight Circle, Ninth Pouch
Sowers of Discord
Dance in a circle as a demon hacks them to pieces
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Canto XXIXEighth Circle, Tenth Pouch – 4 zones
Zone 1. Falsifiers of Metals
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Canto XXXZone 2. Falsifiers of others’ Persons - Myhrra
Zone 3. Falsifiers of Coins (counterfeiters)
Zone 4. Falsifiers of Words (liars) - Potiphar
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Canto XXXIInto the Ninth Circle
Chained giants
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Canto XXXIICocytus – Frozen Lake
4 rings
Ring 1. – Caina – Traitors to kin
Ring 2. – Antenora – Traitors to homeland
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Canto XXXIIICount Ugolino, Archbishop Ruggieri
Ring 3. – Ptolomea – Traitors to guests
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Canto XXXIVRing 4. – Judecca – Traitors to lords and benefactors
The Devil – Brutus, Cassius, Judas
Virgil leads Dante out the other end of Earth
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Qualities of an EpicBegins in medias res - Canto 1 (l. 1-3) “Midway upon the journey of our life”
Vast setting – Canto 34 (l. 112-113) “And now beneath the hemisphere”
Begins with a statement of theme – Canto 1 (l. 112-117) “Therefore I think and judge it for thy best “
Begins with an invocation to a muse – Canto 2 (l. 7-9) “O Muses, O high genius, now assist me!”
Includes the use of long lists – Canto 4 (l. 121-144) “Mongst who I knew”
Ship references
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Qualities of an Epic: 2
Features long and formal speeches – Canto 2 (l. 43-126) “Tell me, my master, tell me”
Shows divine intervention on human affairs - Canto 9 (l. 89-90) “He reached the gate”
Features heroes that embody the values of civilization – Canto 5 (l. 116-117) “The torment that you suffer”
Often features the epic hero’s descent into hell – Canto 3 (l. 9) “All hope abandon, ye who enter in!”
Epithets…
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Literary ElementsAlliteration- “So that the firm foot ever was the lower.” Canto I (l. 30)
Allusion- “He answered me: ‘Within there are tormented / Ulysses and Diomed, and thus together / They unto vengeance run as unto wrath. / And there within their flame do they lament / The ambush of the horse, which made the door / Whence issued forth the Romans’ gentle seed...’” Canto XXVI (l. 55-60)
Assonance- “Here the nobility shall be manifest / And I began...” Canto II (l. 9-10)
Consonance- “Justice incited my sublime Creator” Canto III (l. 4)
Deus ex Machina- “Well I perceived one sent from Heaven was he, / And to the Master turned; and he made a sign / That I should quiet stand, and bow before him.” Canto IX (l. 85-87)
Enjambment- “The many people and the diverse wounds / These eyes of mine had so inebriated” Canto XXIX (l. 1-2)
Imagery- “Speaking no word, we came to where there gushes / Forth from the wood a little rivulet, / Whose redness makes my hair still stand on end. / As from the Bulicame springs the brooklet, / The sinful women later share among them, / So downward through the sand it went its way. / The bottom of it, and both sloping banks, / Were made of stone, and the margins at the side; / Whence I perceived that there the passage was.” Canto XIV (l. 76-84)
In medias res- “Midway upon the journey of our life / I found myself within a forest dark, / For the straightforward pathway had been lost.” Canto I (l. 1-3)
Parallelism- “Through me the way is to the city dolent; / Through me the way is to eternal dole; / Through me the way among the people lost.” Canto III (1-3)
Simile- “In similar wise the evil seed of Adam / Throw themselves on that margin one by one, / at signals, as a bird unto its lure.” Canto III (l. 115-117)
Symbolism- “The infernal hurricane that never rests / Hurtles the spirits onward in its rapine; / Whirling them round, and smiting, it molests them.” Canto V (l. 31-33)
In life the sinners were blown around and controlled by lustful thoughts, now in hell they are eternally punished the same way.
“For the straightforward pathway had been lost.” Canto I (l. 3)
-Dante has lost his way on the true path of life; meaning sin has obstructed his path to God
Crumbling Statue