The Industrial Revolution

Consequences & Effects

1. New leading nations with strong industrial economies0Britain,

Germany, France

0USA, Japan

The Industrial Revolution saw a previously inconsequential part of the world (EUROPE) become the centre of a new worldwide economy.

2. Rise of capitalism

0Capitalism became the most efficient and productive way to finance a country

0Factory owners and others who controlled the means of production quickly became very rich

0Working class conditions becameworse Greater class division

3. Urbanisation0Factory system Rise of modern city

0Bad living conditions; small houses, cramped streets, dampness, open sewers

0Chronic hunger and malnutrition 0Diseases (TB,

lung diseases, cholera, typhoid)

4. Population Increase0The population of England and Wales, which had

remained steady at 6 million from 1700 to 1740, rose dramatically after 1740.

0The population of England had more than doubled from 8.3 million in 1801 to 16.8 million in 1850.

0By 1901, had nearly doubled again to 30.5 million.

5. Role of Women

0Long working days in the factories

0Role of family changed drastically

6. Child Labour0Limited opportunity for education, and children were

expected to work.0Worked in relatively bad conditions for much lower

pay than their elders.0Children as young as 4 were employed.0Factory Acts of 1833 and 1844 limited use of child

labour.

7. Organisation of labour

0Concentration of labour into factories, mills and mines Trade unions Strike action

0Socialism- Idea of dividing wealth

0Communism (1848)- Marx & Engels: The Communist Manifesto

8. Luddites

9. Other effects0Crime 0Alcoholism0 Increase in life expectancy0Expansion of newspaper and popular book publishing Rise in literacy