The Impact of WWI

Wilson’s Fourteen Points Outlined America’s aims for the war and proved that

America wanted “peace without victory” Biggest Points were 1-5 and 14:

1. covenants of peace

2. freedom of the seas for trade and navigation

3. remove trade barriers (like tariffs and embargos)

4. reduction of armaments (stop stockpiling weapons)

5. self determination which allows people to choose their own form of government

14th Point: set up an association of nations to promote peace and prevent another world war…will become the League of Nations

Treaty of Versailles Allied leaders met at Versailles to

reestablish peace in Europe (punish Germany) “Big Four”

United States Great Britain France Italy (switched sides and became an

ally) Blame Germany for the war Made Germany pay war reparations

(payment for war damages) Big Four set up the League of Nations

(only point they accepted out of Wilson’s 14) as an organization for countries to peacefully solve problems

Opposition to Treaty

Treaty of Versailles was not well liked by the American Senate because they believed it would lead to future US involvement in foreign affairs Said it was just an alliance in disguise

But Wilson needed Congress to approve the treaty Many didn’t even like the fact that America got in the

war to start with…isolationists Others just didn’t like parts of the Treaty…too many

foreign entanglements (alliances) Was not ratified…meant that the League of Nations was

not powerful because US was not a member

Dawes Plan The reparation payments

proved to be too much for Germany and they defaulted (couldn’t pay)

Plan was devised in which the money would be paid in annual payments and set up a Bank of Germany…worked until Great Depression

Germany is not happy…especially Adolf Hitler…will lead to his rise of power

Effects of the War Flu Epidemic made the

adjustment to peace even harder

African Americans and Women lost all their gains when jobs became competitive again

Inflation (rising prices) made it hard for people to buy consumer goods and pay debts

Palmer Raids

An anarchist is someone who is

against any form of government.

The Red Scare: A wave of widespread fear of suspected communists radicals thought to be plotting a revolution within the US this paranoia was created after the

Bolshevik Revolution in Russia To combat this Attorney General

Palmer led a series of raids in which police arrested thousands of people… some radicals while some were

just immigrants Italians Sacco and Vanzetti

suspected of being anarchists…supposedly killed two people…

executed even though there was no hard evidence

Nativists fears of foreign influence

Return to Normalcy Warren G. Harding was

elected on the campaign of “return to normalcy”

A time before: Wilson progressive reform world wars world affairs

when things were “normal” and America was neutral

Rejected Wilson’s ideas of Americas role in world affairs

Washington Naval Conference Held by President Harding

outside of the constraints of the League of Nations

A disarmament conference in which countries in attendance agreed to slow down militarism (stop stockpiling weapons), navy in specific…

***who will be the first to break their promise?***