The impact of World War on Americans
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The impact of World War on Americans
Chapter 35
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What kinds of opportunities and hardships did the war create for Americans at home and abroad?
Essential Question
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How do you think Pearl Harbor affected Americans?
Think about what happened after 9/11
Question
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Initially live in fear of another wave of attacks from Japan
Rumors of an enemy invasion haunted the region
Fears faded, but coastal communities remained weary
FDR reasoned…. Need to be weary
Pearl Harbor
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If Americans didn’t win the war, we would be fighting a war in our homeland
We have to help the troops
However….
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EVERYONE could help…. Even women and children
Need to sacrificeRationing is instilled
War Efforts
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A system for distributing food, gasoline, and other goods
Reason – military needed them
Clothes changed – military needed fabrics
Rationing
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War Production Board (WPB) responsible for making America the “arsenal of democracy.”
Organizing the American economy
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Car factories airplanes and tanks
Soft drink company artillery shells
All across the country business mobilized their resources to serve the needs of the military
Examples of the change over
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The huge demand for military supplies revived the supplies
Business expanded and hired more workers
Farmers prosperedGross national product (GDP) rose
Depression ends
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Is the total value of goods and services produced in a year
Rose by 116%People’s income rose by 110%Businesses grow 130%At home – things are looking better
Gross domestic Product
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What happens to the GDP
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Government spending threw the roof
Taxes paid for 45% neededBorrowed rest to pay for war◦War bonds ◦Borrowing from banks
Financing the War Effort with Taxes and Bonds
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What happens to the national debt?
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Government and people did a lot to prevent inflation from becoming a major factor
Worked together to save resources
Americans came together
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GIs or soliderWhat was life like◦Government provide for everything it was labeled Government Issued… ahhh GI
American GIs go to War
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In 1940, more than 16 million men between the ages of 21 and 35 had registered for the draft
Later expands to 18 to 44 Initially there was 300,000 troops, by the time pearl harbor happened 1.5 million….
Assembling a fighting force
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Military expanded Representing all walks of lifeBy the end of the war nearly 6 million has enlisted
After Pearl Harbor
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A way to show patriotismImmigrants and ethnic minorities this offered a chance to show they were true Americans
Fighting offered
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Had little time to prepare the troops
8 weeks in some casesRough and tough
Training
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Training could only do so much – battle field was tough and rough
Danger everywhere – PTSD (although not classified at this point)
Fear could die any momentBoredom, fatigue, and homesickness became a way of life
Hardships
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Lives changed foreverMany returned physically, mentally, or emotionally wounded
Great pride and appreciate for American ideals of liberty
GI’s who did survive
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Japanese AmericansWomanAfrican AmericansJewish AmericansMexican Americans
How did other groups fare
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Opportunities:Very fewJ.A. men fought in the 42nd Division which won more medals than any other unit of its size in American History
Japanese Americans
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After bombing P.H., J.A. were regarded suspicious and possibly being more loyal to Japan than America
Jap. Nationals declared “enemy aliens” had to register with govt. (did same to J.A. as Hitler did to Jews except for killing)
Japan American Hardships
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Executive Order 9066Evacuees had weeks to sell home and possession before being interned
Internment camps were bleak, crowded, and guarded with machine guns and barbed wire
Japan American Hardships
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Worked jobs held by menTough, physical labor increase the self-confidence, independence , and income of women.
Army, navy, and coast guard established auxiliary branches for women
Moved beyond office work to become truck drivers, mechanics, radio operators, air traffic controllers or pilots
Women Opportunities
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Faced hostility on the jobAfrican Americans faced additional racial hostility
Wages not equal to men’s wagesLabor unions didn’t support womenDouble duty – full day work and full day completing domestic duties
Women Hardships
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As war progressed, AA were able to become military officers and engage in combat
The army air corps established its first black combat unit, the Tuskegee Airmen
A Philip Randolph's Threat to lead a massive march in D.C. ;led to opening of the defense industry to all Americans
African Americans - Opportunities
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Many AA moved to industrial cities for better-paying jobs and to escape legalized segregation in the South
African Americans - Opportunities
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Racisms was still a powerful force in American Society
Early in the war, the marines and army air corps refused to take AA soldiers
At 1st, AA were relegated to menial and non-combate roles
African Americans - hardships
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African Americans - hardships
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