The Impact of Social DEEPEST LEVEL OF VALUE Neuroscience ...
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10/3/2016 1 The Impact of Social Neuroscience on Moral Philosophy Patricia Churchland Philosophy UC San Diego & Salk Institute Brainstem & limbic system emotional and motivation systems for survival & well-being ME DEEPEST LEVEL OF VALUE Life-value “Let us try to teach generosity and altruism, because we are born selfish.” Darwin: our moral sense or conscience • social instincts • habits & skills • reason Aristotle David Hume Adam Smith Agriculture – about 10,000 years ago
Transcript of The Impact of Social DEEPEST LEVEL OF VALUE Neuroscience ...
10/3/2016
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The Impact of Social Neuroscience onMoral Philosophy
Patricia Churchland Philosophy
UC San Diego & Salk Institute
Brainstem & limbic system
emotional and motivation systemsfor survival & well-being
ME
DEEPEST LEVEL OF VALUE
Life-value
“Let us try to teach generosity and altruism, because we are born selfish.”
Darwin: our moral sense or conscience• social instincts• habits & skills• reason
AristotleDavid HumeAdam Smith
Agriculture – about 10,000 years ago
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Robin Dunbar – brain size/friend sizeroughly 150 folks
Mencius Confucius385-303BC 551-479 BC
CONCEPTS & CATEGORIES
1. have a radial structure
3. have fuzzy boundaries
Eleanor Rosch
2.prototypes at center
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Two Traditions
Legal Model Skill Model
MosesKantAquinasBentham………
AristotleConfuciusHumeSmithDarwin…..
Henry Sidgwick Jeremy Bentham
Maximize aggregate utility1748-18321838-1900
Darwin: our moral sense or conscience• social instincts• habits & skills• reason
AristotleDavid HumeAdam Smith
reconciliation, prosocial choice, orphanadoption, empathy, punishment, fairness,self-control, cooperation, reasoning
Proto-mammals:warm-blooded
SO: greater energy use
Evolution of homeotherms
Trade off:Learning capacity
Newborn Independence
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Mammals: expansion of domain where brain manages well-being
ME ME Mine
Paul MacLean, Barry Keverne, Jaak Panksepp
Hypothesis
•Sociability: basic value for social mammals: natural selection
•Hub: oxytocin & opiods
•Norms emerge from reward system Prairie voles
OTR in nucleus accumbens linked torewarding aspects of bonding.
Meyer-Lindenberg et al 2011
Densities of oxytocin & vasopressinreceptors (Lim, Murphy & Young 2004)
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Meadow Voles
Anacker & Beery 2013
ALSO: endocannabinoids. Wei et al PNAS/15
Ruff & Fehr 2014
HIGHLY SOCIAL MAMMALS:
ME
MineME
ME
kin kith
kin
Hierocles, 2nd C
If sociality is pleasurable, wemay engage in many behaviorslargely unrelated to passing on genes.
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Social Problem Solving
Practical problems, constrainedby features of body and brain.
Clever solutions to problems, learned& modified by offspring
Norms emerge
Fig. 1. Changes in dopamine neurons' output code for an error in the prediction of appetitive events.
Wolfram Schultz et al. Science 1997;275:1593-1599
Published by AAAS
Wolfram Schultz1997
VTA
Ruff &Fehr 2014
Artificial NeuralNets
Deep learning +reinforcement
www.talaikis.com
Allows for learning norms
AlphaGo beats Go champ Lee Sedol
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Two Traditions
Legal Model Skill Model
MosesKantAquinasBentham………
AristotleConfuciusHumeSmithDarwin…..
Moral Norms & Values
Not supernaturalNot esoteric or PlatonicNot unconditionalAncient evolutionary roots
Orangutan&
Dog
