The hydrological research basin The hydrological research basin SchSchääfertal in the Harz Mountains / fertal in the Harz Mountains /

Central Germany Central Germany –– current state of the current state of the observation programme and results of observation programme and results of

the recent runoff analysisthe recent runoff analysis

F. ReinstorfF. Reinstorf11, J. Tiedge, J. Tiedge11, J. Bauspie, J. Bauspießß11, H. John, H. John11, G. Ollesch, G. Ollesch22

11 University of Applied Sciences MagdeburgUniversity of Applied Sciences Magdeburg--Stendal, Dept. of Water and Waste Management, Stendal, Dept. of Water and Waste Management, BreitscheidstrBreitscheidstr. 2, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany. 2, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany

22 HelmholtzHelmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Centre for Environmental Research -- UFZ, Dept. of Soil Physics, UFZ, Dept. of Soil Physics, BrBrüückstrckstr. 3a, 39114 . 3a, 39114 Magdeburg, GermanyMagdeburg, Germany

AimAim and Motivationand Motivation

AimAim::ContributionContribution to to thethe understandingunderstanding of of thethe impactimpact of global of global changechange on on waterwater and and substancesubstance balancebalance and and runoffrunoff formationformation, , especiallyespecially storagestorage and and movementmovement

Motivation:Motivation:TheThe hydrologicalhydrological researchresearch basinbasin SchSchääfertal fertal isis oneone of of thethe oldestoldestand best and best equippedequipped investigationinvestigation areasareas in in thethe Harz MountainsHarz MountainsLongLong--termterm measurementsmeasurements sincesince 1968 as well as 1968 as well as naturallynaturally and and anthropogenicanthropogenic effectseffects on on thethe waterwater and and substancesubstance balancebalanceprovideprovide a a „„test test sitesite““ forfor predictionprediction toolstools

ImpressionsImpressions of of thethe researchresearch basinbasinSchSchääfertal/Harzfertal/Harz

V-weir of the Schäfertal with meteorological station.

Typical view in to the catchment of the Schäfertal in direction of the upper Harz with the Brocken

Late summer

Winter, snow cover

Late winter, surface runoff

Workshop „Small basins“, 30/3/-02/04/09, Goslar-Hahnenklee

InstrumentationInstrumentation, , datadata, , modelsmodels

MeteorologyMeteorology HydrologyHydrology OthersOthersair temperatureair temperature

air humidity and air pressureair humidity and air pressurewind speed (2, 5, 10 m)wind speed (2, 5, 10 m)

wind directionwind directionshort and long wave radiationshort and long wave radiation

PARPARheatheat--fluxflux

several temperature sensors atseveral temperature sensors atdifferent abovedifferent above--ground heights and ground heights and

soil depthssoil depths

five automatic rainfall gagesfive automatic rainfall gages““watermarkwatermark”” soil moisture sensors, soil moisture sensors,

TDR and TDR and tensiometerstensiometerscontinuous measurements of continuous measurements of

discharge,discharge,ground water table at numerous ground water table at numerous

pointspointssnow cover height and water snow cover height and water

equivalentequivalenttile drain flowstile drain flows

temperature in dischargetemperature in dischargeelectric conductivity of dischargeelectric conductivity of dischargebiweekly manual and automatic biweekly manual and automatic

event waterevent watersampling forsampling for

sediment yield, phosphorussediment yield, phosphorusnitrogennitrogen

DOC / LCDOC / LC--DOCDOCsoil water sampling with suction soil water sampling with suction

plates and chemical characterisationplates and chemical characterisation

Applied models: AKWA-M, WASIM-ETH, DIFGA, EROSION-3D, Nutrient load model

Workshop „Small basins“, 30/3/-02/04/09, Goslar-Hahnenklee

Location of the basin „Schäfertal/Harz“

BasinBasin characteristicscharacteristics

River Basin (according EU-WFD)

Operation (from…to…)

Gauge coordinates / Gauge datum:

Catchment area: Elevation range:

Basin type:Climatic parameters:

Land use:

Soils:

Geology:

Hydrogeology:Characteristic water

discharges:

Selke, Bode, Saale (Elbe)

1968 – ongoing

11° 3’ 10’’ E, 51° 39’ 16’’ N

1.44 km2392 – 474 m aslLow mountain653 mm a-1, 6.9 °C (station Schäfertal)>80% arable, pasture/set aside, forestCambisol, luvisol, gleyiclivisolPalaeozoic greywacke, argillaceous shaleFractured rock aquifer0 (Qmin) / 36 (Qmax) / 0.33 (Qmean) [mm d-1]

Workshop „Small basins“, 30/3/-02/04/09, Goslar-Hahnenklee

Special Special basinbasin characteristicscharacteristics

0

5

1 0

1 5

2 0

6 8 7 0 7 2 7 4 7 6 7 8 8 0 8 2 8 4 8 6 8 8 9 0 9 2 9 4 9 6 9 8 0 0 0 2 0 4 0 6 Y e a r

runo

ff [m

m d

-1]

1 0 0

8 0

6 0

4 0

2 0

0

rainfall [mm

d-1]

Variation of the groundwater level at GWBR 61, 1973 - 2006

Rainfall and discharge variation of the Schäfertal from 1968 until 2006

Workshop „Small basins“, 30/3/-02/04/09, Goslar-Hahnenklee

GroundwaterGroundwater MonitoringMonitoring„„SchSchääfertalfertal““

Analysis of Analysis of thethe precipitationprecipitation ––dischargedischarge –– time time seriesseries

04/1996 04/1996 –– 11/200811/2008

y = 0.2267x - 38.75R2 = 0.986

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000

precipitation [mm]

disc

harg

e [m

m]

Double sum analysis curve between precipitation and discharge of the Schäfertal (04.1996 – 11.2008).

Workshop „Small basins“, 30/3/-02/04/09, Goslar-Hahnenklee

HOMOGENEITY !

StatisticalStatistical modelmodel

∑∑∑∑∑−−−−−

++++=t

mtt

t

mtt

t

mtt

t

mtt

t

mtt QBQSGTGNQAQA

The reduced model is a coupling between “moving averages” for Q with a part to consider P. For the case of m=2 the following formulation can be found:

no tQtQtQtQtPtPtQ εβγγ +−+−+−+−+−+= )4/))5()4()3()2((()1()()( 11

with Q(t) … discharge at day t, γ, β1… weighting factors, P(t) … precipitation at day t and εn ... random term.

generally

Workshop „Small basins“, 30/3/-02/04/09, Goslar-Hahnenklee

Simulation of Simulation of thethe precipitationprecipitation ––runoffrunoff -- transformationtransformation

Comparison of the observed and modelled discharge of the gauge Schäfergraben, year 2008, day 110-250.

Schäfergraben, 2007

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180

day

disc

harg

e [m

m/d

]

observedsimulated

Schäfergraben, 2008

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260

day

disc

harg

e [m

m/d

]observedsimulated

Comparison of the observed and modelled discharge of the gauge Schäfergraben (recession curve), year 2007, day 95-170.

Workshop „Small basins“, 30/3/-02/04/09, Goslar-Hahnenklee

Simulation Simulation parametersparameters and and qualityqualityTab. 1: Parameters and quality criteria of the linear statistical model for the summer runoff of the years 1996 – 2008.

Yearβ1 (p-value*) γ0 (p-value*) γ1 (p-value*) RMSE NS-coef Number

2008 0.794 (0.00) 0.005 (0.00) 0.003 (0.00) 0.034 0.97 134

2007 0.668 (0.00) 0.003 (0.00) 0.004 (0.00) 0.027 0.98 75

2006 0.626 (0.00) 0.008 (0.00) 0.010 (0.00) 0.03 0.98 34

2005 0.731 (0.00) 0.007 (0.00) 0.004 (0.01) 0.035 0.98 54

2004 0.642 (0.00) 0.005 (0.00) 0.005 (0.00) 0.027 0.92 66

2003 0.842 (0.00) 0.006 (0.00) 0.004 (0.00) 0.036 0.99 66

2002 0.935 (0.00) -0.006 (0.73) 0.024 (0.06) 0.232 0.88 29

2001 0.798 (0.00) 0.003 (0.00) 0.002 (0.09) 0.021 0.99 76

2000 0.776 (0.00) 0.003 (0.03) 0.006 (0.00) 0.047 0.97 85

1999 0.661 (0.00) 0.005 (0.10) 0.005 (0.09) 0.053 0.69 30

1998 0.762 (0.00) 0.003 (0.06) 0.008 (0.00) 0.029 0.94 39

1997 0.881 (0.00) 0.005 (0.21) -0.001 (0.80) 0.07 0.97 77

1996 0.604 (0.00) 0.004 (0.00) 0.002 (0.11) 0.043 0.93 49

*The p-value is the probability, calculated under the null hypothesis H0, of obtaining a test result as extreme as that observed in the sample ... If this probability is regarded as small, H0 should be rejected; otherwise it should not be rejected.NS-coef … Nash-Sutcilffe model efficiency coefficientRSME … root mean squared error

Workshop „Small basins“, 30/3/-02/04/09, Goslar-Hahnenklee

SummarySummary

Summarized parameters and quality criteria of the linear statistical model of the summer runoff for 2008 and mean values for the years 1996 – 2008.

Yearβ1 (p-value*) γ0 (p-value*) γ1 (p-value*) RMSE NS-coef

Average1996 - 2008 0.73 0.004 0.006 0.053 0.938

Standard deviation

1996 - 2008 0.103 0.003 0.006 0.055 0.081

Workshop „Small basins“, 30/3/-02/04/09, Goslar-Hahnenklee

FurtherFurther interpretationsinterpretations

04.0794.01

005.0003.0≈

−+

=PQ

1.) The parameters of the linear statistical model permit a further access to a quantification of the relationship between precipitation P and runoff Q for a prediction of runoff. In a balanced regime the following relationship for P and Q can be assumed in mean:

2.) From the double sum curve the long-term relationship between precipitation and

runoff can be estimated. In the whole investigated period an average of about 22% of the precipitation can be observed in runoff.

Workshop „Small basins“, 30/3/-02/04/09, Goslar-Hahnenklee

ConclusionsConclusions

Differentiated impact of the mining activities on Differentiated impact of the mining activities on the groundwater in the basin the groundwater in the basin Homogeneity of the period 04/1996 Homogeneity of the period 04/1996 –– 11/2008 11/2008 with regard to the relationship of precipitation with regard to the relationship of precipitation and runoffand runoffThe reduced statistical model permits already a The reduced statistical model permits already a well description of the recession curves and well description of the recession curves and hints to hydrological relationshipshints to hydrological relationships

Workshop „Small basins“, 30/3/-02/04/09, Goslar-Hahnenklee

Thank youfor yourattention !