An introduction tothe Holographic Projection

David KimNov 06, 2014

Real HologramAnalog & Digital HologramPrinciple and Applications

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resultant wave

waveform 1waveform 2

constructiveinterference

destructiveinterference

interference of waves from two point sources [1]

Superposition of Waveforms

interference effects can be observed with all types of waves, e.g.) light, radio, acoustic, surface water waves, matter waves, etc.

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Inventor of Analog Hologram

● 1948, Dennis Gabor, “A New Microscopic Principle”, Nature → In-line Holography

● Holography: Holo (=whole) + gram (=written)○ Amplitude + Phase (using coherent wave like laser)

In-line Hologram Writing In-line Hologram Reading

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Creating Real Hologram•Hologram Generation✓ 1) object beam which is splitted from the 0) laser

light source, hits the 4) 3D object and directs to 3) the film

✓ 2) reference beam which is splitted from the same 0) laser light source, also directs to 3) the film

✓ Two beams correlate each other and generates the 3) coherence waveform pattern on 3) the film0) laser

lightsource

object

beam

reference

beam

lensbeam

splitter

mirror

mirror

lens

film

3Dobject

Hologramimage of3D object

coherence pattern waveform(obj. beam vs. ref. beam)

1

2

3

4

5

observer

•Hologram Regeneration✓ With 2) reference beam and 3) the film, virtual 5)

Hologram image of the 3D object is generated

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Three Types of Hologram

● Reflection Hologram○ The object and reference beams are incident on the plate from opposite sides of the plate (single beam)

○ The image is dimmer

● Transmission Hologram○ The object and reference beams are incident on the recording medium from the same side (off-axis)

○ The image can be very deep

○ Rainbow Hologram (or Benton Hologram)■ Viewable in white light

■ Credit cards, Bar-code readers

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Transmission Hologram (1)

object beam

reference beamreference beam

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Transmission Hologram (2)

virtual image virtual image (180 degrees turned)

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Reflection Hologram (1)

object beam

reference beam

reference beam

we can see the virtual image to the direction of object beam

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Reflection Hologram (2)

master hologram

copiedhologram

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Rainbow Hologram (1)

Rainbow Hologram - Writing Rainbow Hologram - Reading

splitter

mirror

laserlight

source

lightsourcereference beam reference beam

object beam

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Rainbow Hologram (2)

object beam

reference beam referencebeam(light)

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Computer-generated 3D Hologram

∆ images /orfull scenes

ref. beam including

coherencewaveform pattern is projected

2Dimage

3Dconverter

SLMprojector

waveformgenerator

filmdisplay

real-time generation/selection

of desired scenes

real-time spatial lightmodulation of objects

(Fourier/InverseFourier Transformfast calculationsfor generating

virtual coherencepatterns)

real-time 3Dconversion

of 2D images

● generation ⇒ tons of complex calculations● needs enormous storage space● real-time generation is very difficult!!

At 1968, Synthesizing Binary Fraunhofer Hologram using General Fourier Transform Method is studied.

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Quasi-HologramPepper’s Ghost HologramPrinciple and Applications

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Pepper’s Ghost EffectFloating Hologram

● 1862, invented by Henry Dircks, applied in large-scale by John Henry Pepper

● The viewer must be able to see into the main room, but not into the hidden room

● The edge of the glass is sometimes hidden● The hidden room may be an identical

mirror-image of the main room, so that it’s reflected image matches the main room

● The hidden room may be painted black, with only light-colored objects in it

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Rear Projection - 16 -

2Pac Hologram at Coachella 2012Dead Rapper Tupac with Snoop Dogg@ Coachella Festival 2012,Hologram by MUSION

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[Youtube]

Hologram Concerts● 2012, Performance by Snoop Dogg with Tupac, Coachella Valley Music

and Arts Festival, “Hail Mary”, “2 of Amerikaz Most Wanted”● May 2014, Performance by Michael Jackson, “Slave to the Rhythm”,

Billboard Music Awards● 2000~, Vocaloid concerts of Hatsune Miku (初音ミク), Crypton Future

Media

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[Youtube]

Hologram Transmission

April 2014, Narendra Modi,Prime minister of India,sent his hologram to rallies of supporters in 1,400+ locations across the country in election season

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Hologram Companies

Interact TMHolopodium Holographic I

Eon VR

Eon AREON VR SDK

Tupac Hologram

TelePresence TM

EyeLiner TM

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Head-Up Displays (HUD)

HUD for Aviation System

C-130J co-pilot’s HUD

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Smartphone Holograms (1)

[Youtube - Holographic ver. of Sadistic Love for Pyramid Hologram]

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Smartphone Holograms (2)

● gesture recognition● front 4 cameras → eye tracking● 3D image projections off the

screen

● gesture recognition● front 4 perspective sensors (camera) → eye

tracking● with 4 infrared LEDs for invisible illumination

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Fog Display Hologram

Displair’s screenless 3D multi-touch display@CES 2013, Las Vegas, UStaste and aroma will be incorporated in the future

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360° Light Field Display Hologram - 25 -

Similar TechnologiesRelated technologies

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Related Technologies● Augmented Reality (AR)● Virtual Reality (VR)● 3D Display with Glasses

○ Anaglyphic 3D (with Red + Cyan Cardboard Glasses)○ Polarization 3D (with Left / Right directed polarization Glasses)○ Alternate Frame Sequencing 3D (with Active Shutter Glasses) → Samsung, etc.

● 3D Display without Glasses (Autostereoscopic 3D)○ Parallax Barrier 3D + Eye Tracking → LG, etc.○ Lenticular Lens 3D○ High-Rank 3D (by MIT)○ Head-mounted Display 3D (HMD)○ Holographic Display○ Light field Display → Ostendo

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Anaglyph 3D(use red for left eye, cyan for right eye filters)

Polarization 3D(use different polarization directions for left and right eye)

3D Display with Glasses

Active Shutter 3D(use LCD shutter glasses with high speed alternate image display)

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3D Display without Glasses (1)Parallax Barrier 3D Display Lenticular Lens 3D Display

High-Rank 3D (HR3D)

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3D Display without Glasses (2) - 30 -

Future of HologramHow the technology will be...

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fVisiOn - NICT’s Glasses-free Tabletop 3D

a special optical device as a screen + a series of micro projectors arranged circularly⇒ Light field in a certain volume on the table (ref)

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Ostendo’s Quantum Photonic Imager (QPI)Hologram Generation Chip

Ostendo is developing a miniature hologram projection chip for smartphones, watches, price will be $30.00

2D chip and projector with 5,000 dots per inch (DPI) is expected to launch at 2015,QPI chip uses microlenses + light-field effect display

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HoloVideo - Mark-II of MIT Media Lab - 34 -

Reference Links[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interference_(wave_propagation)

[2] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow_hologram

[3] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepper’s_ghost

[4] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spatial_light_modulator

[5] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holographic_data_storage

[6] http://musion.com/

[7] Computer-generated Binary Hologram

[8] http://www.fou.uib.no/fd/1996/h/404001/kap02.htm

[9] The Avionics Handbook Chapter 4 - Head-Up Displays (pdf)

[10] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_C-130J_Super_Hercules

[11] Fog Display - Displair

[12] Amazon Firephone 3D Review

[13] HOLHO - Pepper’s Ghost Device for Smartphone

[14] How 3D Glasses Work

[15] Ostendo Review - spectrum.ieee.org

[16] Light-field displays

[17] Oculus Rift - Wikipedia

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