The Holocaust

16.3

The Plan

• Exclusion• Expulsion• Enclosure• Extermination

Exclusion“no rights, no property, no protection”

• 1933-1938• Built concentration camps• Boycotts• Yellow stars• Fired from jobs• No school• NUREMBERG LAWS: no longer citizens• Kristallnacht

Expulsion

• 1938-1940• Judenrein: “cleansed of Jews”• Expulsion from Austria, Germany, Poland,

Czech• Sent to ghettos and camps• WWII begins• Einsatzgruppen starts: mobile killing squads

Enclosure

• 1940-1942• Ghettos– Warsaw, Lodz– 800 calories/ day

• Forced labor• Labor camps: natural deaths

Extermination

• 1942-1945• Final Solution• Mercy killings, Euthanasia, mobile gas

chambers in vans• Wannasee Conference: official policy of

extermination• Extermination camps built – Auschwitz

Extinguishing the Fire

• D-Day June 6, 1944• Death camps begin to be dismantled• Jews sent to Auschwitz • Gas chambers ran 24 hours, tried to kill all of

them before Allies got there• April 29, 1945 Hitler dead• May 7, 1945 War over

Justice

• Nuremberg Trials• Crimes against humanity• War crimes• Crimes against peace• 22 Nazi defendants– 3 not guilt, 4 prison, 3 prison for life, 12 put to

death– Trials still continue today– No such thing as “just following orders”