THE HINDU, TUESDAY, AUGUST 12, 1947. IRESTORING PEACE

IN CALCUTTA

MAHATMA GANDHI'SAPPEAL

VISIT TO RIOT-AFFECTEDAREASCALCUTTA, Aug. II.

In his speech at the prayer meetingat Sodepore Ashram yesterday, Ma-hatma Gandhi said that he was postpon-ing his departure to Noakhali tor a shortwhile. He had been listening to reportsof the situation prevailing in Calcutta,and had been requested by Muslimfriends to see some of the places in theCity affected by the disturbances. Hehad decided to see if he could contri-bute his share in the return of sanityIn Calcutta.

Mahatma GandhKfcaid that all his lifehe had served botl* the communitieswithout reservation. If he found to-day,when they were at the threshold offreedom, that the communities hadgone mad. then all that he could do wasto place his life in the Tiands of God be-cause he would not like to live to seesuch madness.

This reference was interpreted ingome Ashram circles as hinting at thepossibility of a fast by MahatmaGandhi.'

There was a huge crowd present atthe prayer gathering to listen toMahatma Gandhi. Their acclamation waspiercing. Gsndhiji had to speakto them for a few minutes to establishcomplete quiet.

Gandhiji said that he was to haveleft for Noakhali on Monday. Owing topressure from the many Muslimfriends who had seen him, he haddecided to see if he could contribute hisshare to the return of sanity in the pre-mier city of India. The argument of theMusHm friends went home. He hadsaid that if he did not go to Noakhaliand any mishap took place, his lifewould become forfeit as he had saidalready about Bihar. ,

He had seen the Ministers and otherstoo during the day. He would try to seethe places where destruction was saidto have been wrought by Hindus. Hehad also learnt there were parts of Cal-cutta which were inaccessible to Hindusthough many premises therein used tobe occupied by them. Similar was thecase with regard to Hindu localities. Hehad to hang his -head in shamewhile listening to this recital ofman's barbarism. He would loveto go to those places and seefor himself how much MUth there wasin this recital. He was told Muslims InCalcutta did not number more than 23per cent. It wag unthinkable that sucha minority could coerce the majoritywithout countenance from or incompe-tencs of authority. Similarly, it was un-thinkable that in the midst of a Govern-ment which knew the aft bf Govern-ment, the majority could for one M6-ment b« permitted to coerce the mino-rity. He was also told that what theMuslim Police and officers Wet* alleg-ed to be doing before, now that a Con-gress Ministry was in power, iheHindu police and officers were reportedto be doing. They were reported to haVebecome partial in their administration Ofjustice. If this wretched spirit of com-aiunallsm had entered the police force,the prospect was black indeed. He hopedthat the police would realise the dignityof their profession.

TOUR OF DISTURBEDLOCALITIES

CALCUTTA, Aug. 11.Mahatma Gandhi made a 50-minute

tour of disturbed areas in Calcutta to-day.

He was accompanied by the ChiefMinister of West Bengal, Dr. ProfullaChandra Ghosh, the Mayor of Caleutta,Mf. S. C. Rsy ChoudhUry and formerMayor of Calcutta, Mf. g. M. Osman.

Starting from Sodepore Ashram at4-10 p.m.. the party visited Paikpara,Chitpore, Belgatchai, Mdniktola, Nar-keldangal, Be-liaghata, Entally, Tarigfaand Raja Bazar areas.

The Commissioner of Police, Mr. S.N.Chatterjee, escorted the party.

In Chitpofe area the party saw theremnants of some houses that hadbeen destroyed by rioters. They alsovisited bustees and localities inhabitedBy mixed populations of both communi-ties. Soffie houses had been vacated bytheir residents owing to the situation.At some- places Gandhiii was givenovation by crowds which had assem-bled to have his dharsan. In Seiia-ghata a crowd of several thousandswhich had gathered raised shouts of"Mahatma Gandhl-ki-Jai."—A.PJ.

GANDHIJPS HEALTHCALCUTTA, Aug. 10.

Mahatma Gandhi was. examined to-day by Dr. Sunil Bose.

In a bulletin, issued afterwards, Df.fiose said that in view df the rainy »en-s6h and fefir of malaria in Noakhali dis-trict, it was very essential to cut downGandhiji's stay there to eight of tendays at the most.

Df. Bose said: "I have examinedMahatma Gandhi after ah interval ofeight years. His physical condition Isunchanged since 1930. In fact, the facialappearance and colour seem 16 Have im-proved marvellously. The body weight to-day is 113 pounds as against 112 to 114pound* in 1939. The heart and lungs aresound. The pulse rate is 68 per minuteand regular. The volume is good butthere is a bit of high tension in thepulse. The blood pressure is lB0|110fnmof HO. But this was recorded after veryheavy pressure of work. Nothing rise isabnormal.

"In view of the rainy season and fearof bowel disorder and malaria in Noa-fchall district, u is very essential to cutd6wn his stay there to eight or ten dayset the most. The general outiook inhealth is on the whole very favourable."

DIVISION OF INDIAOPPOSED

«HINDU CONVENTION

RESOLUTIONNEW DELHI, Aug. 10.

The All-India Hindu Conventionwhich met here for the second day pass-ed a resolution, expressing opposition tothe partition of India on the basis of re-ligion. Sir. V. D. Savai;kar, former Pre-sident of the Hindu Mah^tabha, presidedover to-day's session.

The resolution urged the Hindus tiotto accept the division of the country, andcriticised the Indian National Congressfor having acceded to it without gettinga verdict from the people oft this issue.Tht British Government, the resolutionadded, had no right to devolve power ona political party without a papular refe-rendum.

The Hindus were called upon to pledgethemselves to the cause of a united in-dependent India. The Convention deman-ded the recognition of the 'Bhagwa' flagas* the national flag. Hindi as the linguafranca and of India as. a Hindu State.The Government were challenged to holdfresh elections and ascertain the will ofthe people on these issues.

A Committee WBS formed to draw up8 comprehensive programme to imple-ment the policy laid down in the resolu-tion.

A number of speakers, including Mr.N. C. Chatterjee, criticised the Congressacceptance of the June 3 Plan and cha-racterised it as a surrender to League'sthreats.

SHAPING A NEWWORLD ORDER

•

REVIEW OF UNITEDNATIONS' WORK

CALL TO MEMBERSTATES

SECRETARY-GENERAL'SREPORT

LAKE SUCCESS (New York), Aug. 11.No responsible statesman in any land

could contemplate the prospect of war,M. Trygve Lie, Secretary-General of theUnited Nations, stated in his annualreport to the General Assembly, pub-lished to-day.

"If the nations involved would dropthe military premises from their effortsto resolve the basic problems of theworld, the millions of people who watchour deliberations might feaily feel thattheir own indisputable longing for peacewas being championed by this Organisa-tion," M. Lie said.

The report stated that though the 1911meetings held in the year ending June30, 1947,' showed "a heartening willing-ness" to rely increasingly on interna-tional organisation, "the world situationhas not improved in the last year."

"The failure of the Powers to draft themain peace treaties could not be over-emphasised," M. Trygve Lie said, adding:"It is clear "that in the political and, inparticular the economic sphere, they area pre-requisite of a reconstructed worldorder."

The Secretary-General's report statedthat the aftermath of the war could nolonger be considered the main cause of*the economic problems facing the world.These problems "arise in a large measurefrom a basic political . situation, whichunderlies and affects all international,political, economic and social activity."

"It is now possible to say," the reportadded, "that with the co-operation of themember-Governments, the United Na-tions is equipped to undertake the res-ponsibility for the handling of the prob-lems in these fields.''

In the course of the report, theSecretary-General surveyed the completestructure of th$ United Nations Orga-nisation, including the six principalorgans and the. commissions, committeesand specialised agencies grouped aroundthem. Particular emphasis was given tothe United Nations' international ma-chinery for dealing with the world'ssocial and economic problems, pivotinground the Economic and Social Council.

"It is within the power of the mem-ber-Governments to make of this greatstructure the most powerful, flexible andversatile machinery the world has everseen," the report stated.POPULARISATION OF C. N.'S AIMS

Dealing with the efforts of the UnitedNations to inform the peoples of theworld of its aims and activities, the re-port recorded that information centreshad already been opened in London,Washington, Copenhagen, Geneva, Paris,New Delhi, Shanghai and Rio de Janeiro.Other information centres were to openin Cairo. Moscow, Prague, Warsaw andMexico City before the end of 1947.

The report foreshadowed that In futuremuch of the work of the United Nationswould be done, away from the head-quarters at Lake Success, particularlysince such decentralisation would affordat least a partial solution of the seriousdifficulties encountered by many Gov-ernments ifl providing the dollars neces-sary for ihe maintenance of their dele-gations irt the United States. \ ..

The report concluded With a summaryOf the financial situation of the UnitedNations Organisation. Expenditure aridobligations for the year 1947 were ex-pected to exceed by 2,500,000 dollars theappropriation of 27,740,000 collars ap-proved by the General Assembly, aridthe General Assembly would be askedto approvev this additional expenditure.Budget estimates for 1948, amounting to39,403,M2 dollars, Would be submitted tothe General Assembly.—ReUter.

WORKING OF PRODUCERSOCIETIES— - — • • • " • • -

ENQUIRY COMMITTEE TOTOUR DISTRICTS

MADRAS, Aug. 11.The Committee constituted to enquire

Into the working of Produeers-cum-Cohsumera Cooperative Societies metto-day at the Secretariat with Mr. T. A.Ramalingam Chettiar in the chair.

The replies received In respect 6f thequestionnaire- issued by the Committeewere considered. Out of some 160 towhom the questionnaire was sent, some73 societies" and individuals have replied.The opinions expressed by a good manyof these, it Is gathered, are in favour of athorough overhaul of the societies. Somehave, urged the liquidation of the socie-ties, and others have suggested thatthese could be usefully made to workas multipurpose societies.

The Committee ultimately resolved totour the districts concerned, GuntUr.West and East Godavari and Krishna,starting with Tenall on September 10.

KASHMIR PREMIERRETIRES

• — — -CHANGE IN STATE'S

POLICY LIKELY• SR1NAGAS, AU|. 11.

Mr. ftamriiandra Kak, Prime Ministerof Kashmir, has retired. General JanakSingh, a dose relative of the RulingFamily of the State, was sworn in astemporary Prime Minister.

Mr. Kak's retirement was made publicai midday Just before General JanakSingh was sworn in.

Far-reaching political developmentsare expected. It is believed.in politicalCircles that political prisoners will soonbf released and the State's policy re-garding accession to the Indian Unionwill be decided.

General Janak Singh has a brilliantadministrative and military record and,for the last few years, has been leadinga quiet, retired life. During the Maha-raja's absence from the State during theVrtit, General Janak Singh was a memberof the Council of Regency.—A.P.I.

MINORITIES IN EASTBENGAL

PROVISIONAL COMMITTEEFORMED

CALCUTTA, Aug. 10.With a view to instilling courage

among the minorities in East Bengal andre-establishing neighbourly relations bet-ween the two communities there, thePresident of, the Bengal Provincial Con-gress Committee has set up an autono-mous provisional committee.

Its main function will be to raise fundsand send workers to different parts ofEast Bengal.

The Bengal Provincial Congress Com-mittee has requested a number of Pro-vincial Congress leaders to be presentat different centres in East Bengal toadvise and help the Congress Commit-tees there in regard to the celebrationof the Independence Day.—A.P.I.

INDONESIANDISPUTE

. U. S. OFFER OFMEDIATION

ATTITUDE OF REPUBLICANGOVT.

B ATA VIA, Aug. 11.Political circles in Jogjakarta, the Re-

publican capital, had doubts to-nightwhether the Indonesian Governmentwould accept the United States' offer Ofmediation in 4he Dutch-Indonesian dis-pute, believed to have been discussedto-day between the Republicans and theU. S. Consul-General, Dr. Walter Foote.It was pointed out that Indonesia had al-ready accepted the Australian offer ofits "good offices."

Holland indicated her willingness toaccept the United States' offer a fort-night ago, when the Indonesian disputecame before the Security Council.

The Jogjakarta Radio said to-nightthat the Republican Cabinet's reply tothe American mediation offer would bebroadcast either to-night or to-morrow.

The Indonesian Trade Union move-ment, known as Sobsi, broadcast a mes-sage to the Australian Council of TradeUnions in Melbourne, urgently appeal-ing to the Council to urge the Austra-lian Government to act as mediator atthe United Nations Security Council.

Immediately after the departure ofDr. Foote from the Jogjakarta airfield,the Indonerian Cabinet held a two-hourmeeting.

Three hours after Dr. Fpote had takenoff in his U. S. Navy plane, the Indo-nesian short-wave station "Voice ofFree Indonesia" went off the air, say-ing that Dutch aircraft were raiding thecity.

Five minutes later, however, the radiocame on again and announced that # ieraid hed been only a "threat". It gaveflo further details.—Reuter

TREATMENT OFMUSLIMS

MR. LIAQAT ALl'SCOMPLAINT

KARACHI, Aug. 10."In spite of our re la ted aqd Categori-

cal assurances that the non-Muslimminorities in Pakistan will not only beprotected but treated with justice andeven generosity, the leaders and the ma-jority community In Hindustan have notreciprocated with equal sincerity" saysMr. Liaqat Ali Khan in a statement is-sued to-day.

He says: "Disquieting reports continueto be received from various parts of theUnion ot India regarding communal out-rages by the majority against the mino-rity and it is quite Clear that appealsmade from the Muslim side for buryingthe past and forgetting all bitternesshave not evoked the expected response.I do not wish to enter into unpleasantdetails, but acts of aggression resultingin seriOus loss of life and property afestill being committed in West Bengal,East Punjab and United Provinces andsome of the Indian States and sporadi-cally in other parts of the Hindu majo-rity Provinces. I regret to say while wehave given repeated and categorical as-surances that the non-Muslim minoritiesin Pakistan will not only be protectedbut treated with justice and even gene-rosity, the leaders of the majority com-munity in Hindustan have not recipro-cated with equal Sincerity. On the con-trary, none else than the Congress Presi-dent himself has lately been touringSind . and besides encouraging the localHindus'to look Upon the Government oftheir" State as alien "and asking them notto participate in the celebrations, he hasalso been making public speeches Whichare calculated to incite the Hindus intheir own majority areas to violenceagainst the minority. I find from thelatest Press reports that Mr. Kripalanihas threatened that the Hindu massesmay take the law into their <*wn handsand do What they did in Bihar.,

APPEAL t O CONGRESS LEADERS"Similarly, responsible Congress lead-

ers in U. P. and G. P. ire publiclythreatening Muslims with dire conse-quences if they de not obliterate theiridentity completely and accept total sub-servience to the Hindus.

"I ask the world to judge whether thisattitude and the expression of such in-flammatory views are worthy ,of thoseWho claim to be leaders of a Apoliticalparty which has Come into power andaccepted the responsibility of govern-ing a great country still inhabited bymany millions of Muslims and whetherthe mentality which underlies this atti-tude is conducive to the peace and pros-perity of the two new IndependentStates Which afe so soon to come intobeing.

"I WoUld also point out that these acti-vities of the Congress President arewholly contrary to the agreement arriv-ed at between the major political partiesover the larger constitutional issues. Letme tell Mr. Kripalani and other Hinduleaders that they are playing with fireand trying to rekindle the embers ofstrife and hatred which we on our parthave sought assiduously to extinguish.We shall continue to persevere in this at-tempt because We believe that neitherPakistan nor Hindustan has any futureunless goodwill is restored between thetwo major communities and the unhappypast is allowed to bury itself. But, at thesame time, in this business of taking thelaw into their own hands the massesof both communities can equally play.

"If Hindu leaders like Mr. Kripalanisucceed in inciting their own people todo so it would be foolish to expect thatthere will be no repercussions elsewhere.I would borrow Mr. Kripalani's ownlanguage used on another occasion andsay that with the best will in the worldno Government can prevent such reper-cussions, however, undesirable they maybe. I would ask the Congress Pres'dentand other Hindu leaders to give upthese dangerous preachings and to co-operate with us in restoring peace andgoodwill. If they sincerely strive theycan stop the acts of aggression by theirown people, which are still going on. Ifthey fiil to do SO, God help both Pakis-tan and Hindustan!

"I also urge the Government of theIndian Union to intervene and take"direct measures to stop continuing'law-lessness in the Provinces, in accordanceWith the joint statement issued by thetwo Provisional Governments at the endof last month."—A.P.I.

SECRETARY TO TRANSPORTDEPARTMENT

NSW DELHI, Aug. 10.Mr. Y. N. Sukhtankar. at present offi-

ciating Commerce Secretary in the Gov-ernment of India, is to be appointed Sec-retary of the Transport Department insuccession to Mr. D. t>. Warren, it isreliably understood. Mr. Sukhtankar hasserved in various capacities—as India'sTrade Commissioner in London, officiat-ing Chief Controller of Imports and Sec-retary to Government.—A.P.I.

INDIAN IMMIGRATION INTOBURMA

RANGOON, Aug. 9.Indian immigration into Burma after

the June total of 14.396, dropped by7,735 during July to 6.661, owing to im-migration restrictions, it was officiallyannounced here to-day.—Beuter.

"SUDAN FOR THESUDANESE"

OPPOSITION TO RULEBY EGYPT OR ILK.

APPEAL TO U. N.COUNCILLAKE SUCCESS, Aug. 11,

As the United Nations Security Coun-cil was resuming hearing to-day ofEgypt's complaint against Britain, rivalSudanese political parties left forNew York by air to argue fur and againstunion with Egypt.

Ismail el Ashari, Leader of the AshiggaParty, which demands local autonomyfor the Sudan under Egyptian rule, wasleaving Khartoum for New York. At thesame time, two more delegates of theIndependence Front, which seeks an in-dependent self-governing Sudan, werealready on their way to the UnitedStates capital with an appeal to theSecurity Council to hear their case.

Cabling the United Nations to-day, theIndependence Front appealed to theSecretary-General to postpone to-day'sdebate until their delegates could pre-sent their case. Saying Nokrashy Pasha'sstatement to the Security Council wasa "deliberate misrepresentation" .as tothe history and national aspirations ofthe Sudanese, the Independence Frontdeclared that the Egyptian Claim toUnity of the Nile Valley was "imperial-istic scheming."

The Independence Front said: "Theabsorbing interest and claim of the Suda-nese is the restoration of their usurpedfreedom and sovereignty which they in-tend to get and which they will obtainthrough international justice or other-wise.

"We denounce the treaties of 1890 and1936 (which established joint rule by Bri-tain and Egypt in the Sudan), We regardthem as treaties drafted by two conquer-ors of our country in which we did notparticipate."

El Sayed Sir Abdel Rahman el Mahdi'Pasha, posthumous son of Mahdi Maho-med al Mahdi, also sent a cable to M.Trygve Lie last night demanding the im-mediate abolition Of the present Anglo-Egyptian condominium in the Sudan.

"The case of the Sudan is quite sim-ple," he said. "It is the case of a coun-try invaded, conquered, and governedagainst its wish by two sovereign States,Egypt and Britain, for the last 50 years."

"The Sudanese demand the immediateabolition of the present condominium andcomplete and unconditional independencefor their country. My son, Saddif e)Mahdi, will present my views," Sir Ab-der Rahman said.

Saddik el Mahdi is accompanied byMchamed Saleh Shangeiti, a districtjudge. In New York, they will join theother three Independence Front dele-gates: Bey Khalll Abdullah, Secretaryof the Umma Party, whose motto is"Sudan for the Sudanese," MohammedEffendi Ahmed Nahgul, Secretary-Gene-ral of the Independence Front, and Ya-CoUbi Effendi Osman, Umma represen-tative in London.

The announcement of the compositionof the Sudan Independence front dele-gation for Ufetf * York came after thefailure of efforts to achieve a unitedfront with other Sudanese political par-ties.

SECVttVTt COtJNClIy DISCUSSIONAt the first session of the Council, Sir

Alexander Cadogan, for Britain, basedhis main arguments on legal grounds, andit was expected that to-day's Egyptianreply would also concentrate • -on thelegal aspects. The British thesis is thatif any party to a treaty feels that somechange in popular feeling or in circum-stances makes modification of the treatydesirable, this should be a matter fornegotiation and not for the SecurityCouncil.

The Egyptian Premier, NokrashyPasha, who argued his country's caselast week, and his legal advisers havebeen working hard since Thursday attheir New York hotel suite to buildup legal refutation of this argument.

It is understod that the Egyptian replyto-day will stress that if changed cir-cumstances create a situation whichmight endanger peace, then it is the Secu-rity Council's duty to Invalidate anytreaty which is the cause of the trou-ble.*—RoUter.

GOVERNOR-DESIGNATEOF WEST BENGAL

MR. RAJAGOPALACHARION HIS TASK

NEW DELHI, Aug. 10.Mr. C. Rajagopalachari, Governor-

designate of West Bengal, is leaving forCalcutta on the morning of August 14by a Specially chartered plane whichwill fly non-stop from Delhi to DumDum. Mr. B. N. Chakravarty, who hasbeen appointed the new Governor'sPrivate Secretary, arrived here to-dayto consult, Mr. Rajagopalachari aboutthe programme, to be chalked for thefunctions on the 14th ana 15th.

In the course of an informal talk withthe United Press of India special re-presentative. Mr. Rajagopalachari saidthat he had been daily receiving tele-grams and messages of felicitation fromnumerous individuals ana public insti-tutions of Bengal. He hoped the good-will shown to him and the confidencereposed in him' by all those friendswould be justified by the service thatmight be possible for him to renderto West Bengal.

Mr. Rajagopalachari said he did notknow What he would do with the 120rooms in the Government House atCalcutta which would be hit official

residence. Subject to the convenience ofhis official duties, he would personallyprefer to Stay, if possible, in the Bar-raChpoi"e Government House whose ruralsurroundings and charming location onthe bank of the river Hughli seem tohave attracted him very much.

Mr. Rajagopalachari is considerablyworried over the continuance of dis-turbed Conditions in Calcutta. He hopesCalcutta would return to normalcybefore long. He was also very muchconcerned to hear that Poet Rabindra-nath Tagore's ancestral residence inCaleutta had not yet been made avail-able for being preserved es a nationalmonument and stated that it wouldbe one of his first acts after assumptionof office.

Mr. Rajagopalachari said that he wasgoing to West Bengal with the spiritof service to the people there and thathe counted on their goodwill.

PORTRAIT UNVEILED INCALCUTTA

CALCUTTA, Aug. 11. 'A portrait of Mr. C. Rajagopalachari

was unveiled last evening at the Bha-rati Tamil Sangham in Ballygunge, SouthCalcutta by Mr. T. K. ChidambaranathaMudaliar, the well-known Tamil scho-lar, who Is on a Visit to Calcutta.

Mr. Mudaliar paid a tribute td Mr.Rajagopalachari's contributions in thefield of literature, philosophy and art.

Mr. R. Kfishnamurti, Editor, Kalki,said that in giving Mr. Rajagopalaeharito Bengal as her first Governor underIndependence, perhaps South India Wasrepaying a part of her debt to Bengal'for the reawakening of national consci-ousness.

RELEASE OFPRISONERS

DETAILS OF GOVT.'SAMNESTY PLAN

INDEPENDENCE DAYARRANGEMENTS

MADRAS, Aug. 11.Details of the Government's amnes'y

scheme in connection with the Indepen-dence Day celebrations are announcedto-day, On the whole, 5,000 prisonerswill be released under the scheme. Foradministrative convenience, the releasewill be in batches starting from to-day.

All prisoners who have served a pe-riod of ten years of their sentence, in-clusive of remission under the existingrules on August 15, will be released.

(a) Premature release: All prisonerswho have been convicted for offen-ces under the Madras Probihition Act,1937, and have served one quarter oftheir sentences inclusive of remissionunder the existing rules on August 15,will be released Bubject to the conditionthat they give a written undertaking thatif they are convicted again for an offenceunder the Madras Prohibition Act, 1837,within a period of six months from thedate of their release, they will serve theunexpired portion of their sentences

(b) Special remissions: Prisoners whohave been convicted for offences underthe Madras Prohibition Act, 1937, whohave not served one quarter of their sen-tences, inclusive of remission under theexisting rules on August 15, and arenot, therefore, eligible for release un-der (a) above, will be given a specialremission of fifteen days.

The orders in (a) and (b) above willnot apply to those who have been con-victed under the Madras Prohibition Actas also for offences under the IndianPenal Code. They will come under theother categories mentioned below.

U) Premature releases: Prisoners sen-tenced to imprisonment up to a term Often years who have served half of theirsentences inclusive of remission underthe existing rules on August 15 will bereleased.

Prisoners sentenced to term9 of im-prisonment of more than ten years orto transportation for life who haveserved a term of at least five years in-clusive of remission under the existingrules on August 15 will be released.

The orders of release sanctioned in (a)above will not apply to habitual offen-ders; prisoners detained in jail underSections 106, 107, 108, 109, 110 of theCriminal Procedure Code; and prisonersconvicted of the following offences-offences Under chapters IX, X and XI ofthe Indian Penal Code; offences ofrobbery, dacoity, assault or crimi-nal force against a woman withintent to outrage her modesty, offences'under Sections 359 to 377 of the IndianPenal Code, extorting confession andabetments and attempts to commit theseoffences; offences of murder or attemptto commit murder or abetment ofmurder.

REMISSIONS

Special Remissions: All prisoners sen-tenced to imprisonment up to a term ofthree months or less who have not servedhalf of their sentence on August 15 willbe granted a special remission of halftheir sentence.

All prisoners who hav» been sentenc-ed to imprisonment for a term of morethan three months but not more thanone year will be given a special remis-sion of one quarter of their sentenceand in no case less than 45 days.

All prisoners who have been sentenc-ed to imprisonment for a term aboveone year will be given a special remis-sion of two months per year of thesentence imposed.

In all the above cases a sentence Indefault of payment of fine should bddeemed to a substantive sentence andhalf year or six months or more willbe counted as one year.

The orders mentioned above will notapply to the following classes of prison-ers: 1. prisoners who have been convict-ed under Section 376, Indian Penal Code(Rape); 2. State prisoners and internees;3. civil prisoners; 4, convicts cohvictedby courts in Indian States or other Pro-vinces; 5. Military convicts Who are stillsubject to the Indian Army Act; and6. convicts on prosecution ordered bythe Government of India.

Prisoners who on completion of theirterms in the Madras jails are due tobe sent to an Indian State or other Pro-vince* and who are released under thisorder should be sent forthwith to Servetheir sentence in such State or Province.

The release ordered or the special re-mission granted to prisoners who arecertified as habitual convicts fit for con-finement in the special jails at Salemand Vifcafiapatam with reference to Rule544 in the Madras Prison andReformatory Manual Volume IIIwill be subject to the condition thatafter theif release the prisoners-should report .themselves to the near-est police station or Outpost once a fort-night for the period of the unexpiredportion of their sentences or for theperiod Of the special remission grant-ed to them as the Case may be,

Rules 312, 323 and 327 of the RuledIn the Madras Prison and ReformatoryManual, Vol. II, will be deemed tohave been relaxed to the extent neces-sary for giving effect to the aboveorders.

BORSTfAL SChObLS(a) Premature release; Inmates who

nfive an unexpired portion ot gixmonths or below of their detention onAugust 15 will be released on that dateon the usual condition of good beha-viour, (b) Special remission: Other in-mates -who are ineligible for dischargeon (a) above will be granted a specialremission of three months «{ their pe-riod of detention,

Pupils in certified schools who havecompleted two years of detention willbe discharged from the schools on Au-gust 15 In the case of the remainingpupils the date of discharge will beadvanced in each case by a period cal-culated at the rate of two months foreach year in the period for which hehas been ordered to be detained.

The Government have ordered thatall prisoners eligible for release underthe scheme sanctioned above shall bereleased in anticipation of the forma)orders of the Government under Sec-tion* 401 of the- Criminal ProcedureCode.

ECONOMIC CRISISIN BRITAIN

' — • — •

LABOUR PARTY'SDISCUSSION

LONDON, Aug. 11.The text of the official statement

after tO'day's ''crisis'' meeting of theBritish Parliamentary Labour Partyreads: A:

"At a meeting of the ParliamentaryLabour Party held this morning, withMr. Maurice Webb, Member of Par-liament in the chair, a discussion tookplace on the economic situation arisingput of last week's debate in the Houseof Commons.

''The Prime Minister, the Rt. Hon.Mr. C. R. Attlee, Member of Parlia-ment and Foreign Secretary, the Rt.Hon. Mr. Ernest Bevin replied to thediscussion. There was also a discussionon the socialisation of the iron andsteel industry, to which the LordPresident, the Rt. Hon. Mr* HerbertMorrison, replied.1'—Reuter.

PAKISTAN CONSTITUENTASSEMBLY

•MR. JINNAH ELECTED PRESIDENT

UNANIMOUSLY

ASSURANCE TO MINORITYCOMMUNITIES

A promise of equal citizenship to all in Pakistan, irrespective ofcaste, creed or colour, was given by Mr. Mohammed Ali Jinnah, Pre-sident of the Pakistan Constituent Assembly on Monday. Mr. Jinnahwas replying to the congratulations offered to him by his ownparty leaders and Opposition leaders on his unanimous election tothe Presidentship.

Mr. Jinnah asked the minorities in particular to bury the hatchetand work in a spirit of co-operation and assured them of equalrights, privileges and obligations.

MR. JINNAH'S APPEAL FORCO-OPERATION

( m O M OUR CORRESPONDENT.)

KARACHI, Aug. 11."Justice, fairplay, and complete impar-

tiality In the discharge of my duties willbe my guiding principles", declaredQuaid-e-Azam Mohammed Ali Jinnah to-day, addressing the Pakistan ConstituentAssembly after his unopposed election asits President. Mr. Jogendranath Mandal,who as the temporary Chairman of theHouse, announced Mr. Jinnah's election,vacated his seat and, amidst great accla-mation from all sections of the Assem-bly, Mr. Jiftnah took the chair.

Speakers from all sides then felicita-ted the President on his election. Mr.Liaqat Ali Khan, speaking first, hopedthat under Mr. Jinnah's dual role asGovernor-General and President Of theConstituent Assembly, Pakistan, thefifth largest nation in the world, wouldbecome powerful and participate inworld councils. Mr. Kiran Shanker Roy,Leader of the Congress Party, offeringresponsive co-operation from the mino-rities, declared that partition havingcome to stay, they would wholeheartedlythrow in their lot in the affairs of theState and share the vicissitudes of thenation. Mr. J, N. Mandal, who said hewas speaking on behalf of the Sche-duled Castes in Pakistan, assured the un-stinted loyalty of his community andadded they would demand more andmore tights and privileges until theywere on a par with other communitiesin regard to all platters.

Mr. Jinhah's address to the Assemblywas listened to in pin-drop silence bythe House. Though he stated that he was.not prepared to make any authoritativestatement at the present moment, hisforty-minutes' speech disclosed two im-mediate objectives: firstly maintenanceof law atfd order with a strong handwithout fear or favour and secondly aruthless war on bribery, corruption, ne-potism and black-marketing.

FELICITATIONS TOMR JINNAH

KARACHI, Aug. i l .Mr. Jinnah was unanimously elected

President of the Pakistan ConstituentAssembly this morning (adds theAssociated Press of India).

Mr. Jinnah was led amid cheers to thepresidential chair by Mr. Liaqat AliKhan and Safdar Abdur Rab Nishtar.

Congratulatory speeches were thenmade by Muslim "League and Congressmembers.

Mr. Liaqat Ali Khan was the first tocongratulate Mr. Jinnah. He taid itWas With the greatest pride that h4rose to congratulate him on his elec-tion as the President of the CohstitU-efit Assembly of Pakistan.

Mf. Liaqat Ali Khan continued: "Youhave been fightly described as the"architect of Pakistan and it is a greatfortune for us to haVi you as the Pre-sident of this tovefeigh body, and 1feel sure that you will guide us to ourdestiny through your devotion, untiringzeal, selfless sefVlCie and unshakabledetermination. At one constantly asso-ciated with you for o v « eleven years,

can say with truthfulness bnd honestythat the creation Of this State Of Pakis-tan it mainly, if not entirely, due toyouf service." (Cheers').

"It is indeed fin ufiparalleiled eventin the history of the world that with-out bloodshed, Without going through ibloody revolution, a State Which is thefifth largest in the World should eom*into being. It i l most fortunate that Wewill continue to have your guidanceand assistance in building up this struc-ture of the future state of Pakistan."

"By y6ur election as President ofthis sovereign body you will be hav-ing the dual capacity of tiot only beingthe head o» the Assembly but also thdhead of the State. 1 am Confident thatyou will, while discharging your oner-ous duties, be guided by the indexiblehonesty which you possess. 1 have fieveffound you WaVBrnng even at tht mostdifficult time, sfiB I am sure it augur«well for the future state of a Pakistanthat We will have as our leader thearchitect of this wonderful State whichis the fifth largest in the World."

CONG&KS9 LKADtft'S TRIBttTti

Punctuated by frequent cheers, Mr.Kiran Shanker Roy, Leader of thd Con-ftess Party, congratulated Mr. Jinnehin a short speech on being elected tothe Presidentship. Offering him the mostsincere congratulations on behalf of theCongress Party, Mr. Roy said: "Youhave had triumphs in many spheres oflife, ana when we compare all youfachievements with the honour that theAssembly has done to you, it may seemto be not very important, but I colt"gratulate you on agreeing to accept thePresidentship of this House. It was awise decision. You have be«n the drea-mer of Pakistan, and now that yourdream has been realised you should bethe architect of its Constitution."

Speaking about the minorities, Mr.Roy said that if Pakistan meant a se-cular democratic Btatt, a State Whichwould make no difference between Citi-zen and citizen irrespective of caste,creed or community, he would assurehim that he (Mr, Jinnah) would havetheir utmost co-operation.

Referring to the policy which Con-gressmen in the Assembly would fol-low, Mr. Roy said: "Frankly, Sir, weare not very happy. We are unhappybecause of the division of India. Weare unhappy because of the partition ofthe Punjab and Bengal. But once thisarrangement has been agreed upon bythe two great parties, we accept itloyally, and shall work it out loyally.(Cheers), we accept the citizenship ofPakistan With all Its implications."(Cheers i.

MINORITY RIGHTS MUST BERESPECTED

Dr. Roy continued: "We would like toface all difficulties and risks which areconcomitant with the birth of a nation,as we hope to share the prosperity andhappiness which we will jointly createin the $tate, and in return we expectthe righfe-fcnd privileges of the mino-rities guaranteed in the Constitution,not only guaranteed but actually- res-pected in the day-to-day working ofthe Government. I assure you thaithere will be no want of trust and co-operation on our side."

"You have been a great leader ofIndia. The time has now come for youto take up the leadership of the Statewhich includes not only Muslims butHindus an4 other communities. Whenhistory writes Its final Judgment, it willsay that you were not only a great lea-der of a great community, but you werea great leader of the State of Pakis-tan," concluded Mr. Roy.

Mr. M. A. Khuhro, prospective Pre-mier of Sind, congratulating Mr. Jinnah,said that he was the greatest leader theMuslim world had ever produced. It wasdue to his untiring zeal and sincereefforts that the Muslims had achievedthe dream of their life.

Mr. Khuhro recalled the Lahore reso-lution passed by the Muslim League in1940 which many at that time consideredas a dream that could not be realised.Within six or seven years, without abloody war and without any serioussacrifice, the Muslims, however, hadbeen able to get Pakistan which wasdue to the sagacity and unparallelledstatesmanship of Mr. Jinnah. Mr.Khuhro was sure that under Mr. Jinnah'iguidance the Constituent Assemblywould frame a Constitution which manywould envy.

MR. 3. N. MANDAL'S ASSDEANCIMr. Jogendra Nath Mandal congratu-

lated Mr. Jinnah on his election to theoffice on behalf of the "great section ofthe minority communities—the down-trodden, economically, socially and poli-tically".

Admitting that he was not strongenough to carry out in full the missionof lifting them economically and socially,Mr. Mandal said that the Presidentmight perhaps always find Mr. Mandalalone to raise his voice on behalf of theseveral million down-trodden peoplebelonging to the Scheduled Castes, Al-though he was not sufficiently airongand capable of truly representing theircase In a manner which might attractthe full consideration ot the House, heHoped that With the generosity of thePresident, his voice, however feebk,would not fail to evoke sympathy In himand the House.

Mr. Mandal assured the President Ofunstinted faithfulness and sincereloyalty to the State and to him as thehead of eight million people of his com-munity.TASK AHEAD OF PAKISTAN

After his election as President of thePakistan Constituent Assembly, Mr.Jlhnah addressed the House for fortyMinutes. His speech was listened to Withrapt attention by members of tha Housewfth occasional cheers and applause. Theseeeeh, however, was completely tn-audible In the Press gallery as theloudspeaker equipment failed.

Mr. Jinnah thanked the House withthe utmost Sincerity for the greatesthonour conferred on him By electinghim as tne first President of a SovereignAssembly, and also thanked those lead-ers who had spoken in appreciation ofhis services arid for their personalreference to him.

"1 hope", said Mr. Jinnah, "that With*ouf support and co-operation, we SBttllmake this Constituent Assembly an ex-ample to the world. The Constituent As-sembly has got two main furtGtiOn* toperform. The first is the very onerousand cesponsible task of framing Ourfuture constitution of Pakistan and thesecond is to function as a full and com-plete sovereign body as the FederalLegislature of Pakistan. We have to dothe best we can in adopting a provi-sional constitution for the federalLegislature of Pakistan,, Net only webut the whole World wonder at this un-precedented cyelonic revolution wnieh

.has brought about the plans of creatingand establishing two independent sove-reign Dominions in this sub-continent.This mighty sub-continent with allkinds of inhabitants has been broughtunder a nlan which is titanic and un-paralleled. And what is important isthat we have achieved It peacefully.", Mr, jinnah continued: "In dealingwith our Srst funotion of this Assembly,1 cannot make any well considered pro-nouncement at this moment but I nansay one or two things. I would like toemphasise that you are now • sovereignlegislative body. It therefore, places onyou the greatest responsibility as tbhow you should take your decisionsThe first duty of a Government is tomaintain law and order so that life andproperty and religious belief are fully 'protected by the State at all eost (Loudcheers).

CORRUPTION MUST BE PUT DOWN"One of the biggest curses from which

India is suflering is bribed and corrup-tion which means we must put thatdown with an iron hand, and I hopethat you will take adequate measuresas soon as possible for this Assemblyto handle it. That really is a poison."

Severely condemning blaekmarketingana nepotism, Mr. Jinnah said: "Youhave to tackle this monster-^a crimeagainst society in our distressed condi-tion, in our shortage of food and theessential commodities Of life. Black-mar-keteers ought to be very severely punish-ed • because they undermine the entiresystem of control and regulation of food-stuffs and essential commodities. Thenext thing that Strikes Me is nepotismand bribery, a legacy Which has nowbeen transferred to us, and 1 want tomake It quite clear that I shall nevertolerate any kind of bribery, nepotismor any influence I find directly or in-directly brought to bear upon me."

PARTITION OP INDIAMaintaining that division of India

was the only solution of India's consti-tutional problem. Mr. Jinnah traced thegenesis of the plan and declared thebfOad policy of the Pakistan State to-wards Its people.

"I know," he said, "there are peoplewho do not quite agree with the divi-sion of India and the partition of thePunjab and Bengal. But now that it hasbeen accepted, it is the duty of everyone Of us loyally to abide by it and acthonourably according to the agreementWhich is now final and binding on all.1 can quite understand the feeling thatexists between the two communities.But the question is whether it was pos-sible or practicable to do otherwisethen what is being done. A division hadto take place.

"On both sides, in Hindustan and Pa-kistan, there may be sections of people

XCentinaed en next pa<e)

THE HINDU, TUESDAY, AUGUST 12, 1947.

PRICES OF COTTONTEXTILES

COMMODITY BOARDAGAINST RISE

EXCISE DUTY ON FINERCLOTH SUGGESTED

NEW DELHI, Aug. 11.The Commodity Prices Control Board,

it is understood, has expressed itself asstrongly opposed to a general increasein cotton textile prices. They have sug-gested that in order to increase produc-tion, it would be more effective to levyan excise on finer count cloth and thatthe proceeds of the excise should beuseS to subsidise the marginal produ-cer. Any general increase in prices, how-ever, the Board feels can only add toprofits without any increase in produc-tion.

It will be recalled that the question ofan increase in textiles, was referred tothe Board by the Government of India.

INDEPENDENCE DAYCELEBRATION

SCHEDULED CASTES'ATTITUDE

MADRAS, Aug. 11.Mr. N. Sivaraj, President of the All-

India Scheduled Castes' Federation, in astatement on the Independence Day cele-brations, says:

August 15, 1947, may be a day of Inde-pendence and .happiness for the Hinduand the Muslim, for it means steppinginto the places of power vacated by theBritish each in his Dominion, the resthaving to wait on their favours. But in-dependence for the Scheduled Castesreally consists in the safeguards theywanted to secure by law in the consti-tution. Is it possible then for them, inview of what has happened in the Mino-rity Sub-Committee and the AdvisoryCommittee of the Indian ConstitutionalAssembly, to join in the celebrations?The Scheduled Castes' Federation, not-withstanding its opposition to the Con-gress, permitted Dr. Ambedkar to part-cipate in the work of the ConstituentAssembly, in order to avoid the chargeof non-co-operation with the Congressin the important work of constitution-making and in the hope that the majo-rity party will be amenable to reason andfairplay in the matter of our demand forsafeguards. The Federation, therefore,instructed him to press for separate elec-torates, but in case he found the Con-gress Party adamant in its attitude toput forth an alternative, namely, that thesuccessful candidate at an election shouldsecure at least 35 per cent of the votesof the Scheduled Castes. Even this mode-rate demand was rejected by the Con-gress Party. Equally inimical was theattitude of the Congress Party to our de-mand for reservation in the services ona population basis. They rejected thisdemand also outright by their brute ma-jority. The Scheduled Castes, on the otherhand, should have been treated differ-ently from the other minorities. Theselatter have enjoyed political safeguardsfor the last thirty-five years, while theScheduled Castes got them only a fewyears back. But the Congress, in thename of nationalism (or rather pseudo-nationalism) refused to do so. The Sche-duled Castes cannot, therefore, allowthemselves to be suppressed in this man-ner and to join in the celebrations.August 15 cannot be a day- of joy forthem. On the contrary, they are filledwith despair and are wondering what willhappen to them. The Scheduled Castes'Federation has instructed Dr. Ambedkarto move certain amendments in the Con-stituent Assembly when it sits to consi-der the report of the Minority Sub-Committee, with a view to rectify thewrong done by it to the ScheduledCastes. The Federation will await the fateof these amendments. In the above cir-cumstances, the Federation will not par-ticipate in the Independence Day cele-brations, and instructions have beenissued accordingly to the people. I re-gret in the extreme to be obliged to dothis, but the blame is entirely on theahoulders of the Congress.

In Pakistan, we sincerely believe thatour just and reasonable demands will beconceded, unless the assurances of Mr.Jinnah go the way of the assurances ofthe British. Personally, I don't thinkthey will. But it will be a shame andcurse on the Hindus, if Pakistan gives usthe safeguards and the Union of Indiadoes not.

The Scheduled Castes Federation isnow stronger than ever. The offer of aplace in the Dominion Cabinet to Dr.Ambedkar and his acceptance as our re-presentative is a recognition of thestrength of the Federation. Let the Sche-duled Castes remember that the fight isstill on and that the Federation has towork more intensely than before for theattainment of their objects.INVITATION TO PARADE DECLINED

MADRAS, Aug. 11.In pursuance of the decision of the

All-India Scheduled Castes Federationnot to participate in the IndependenceDay celebrations, Mr. N Sivaraj, Presi-dent of the Federation, has addressed acommunication to the Government de-clining the invitation of the Premier ofMadras to the ceremonial parade at theIsland Ground on August 15.

MADRAS SALES TAX ACTMADRAS, Aug. 11.

Before the proposals for the amend-ment of the Madras General Sales TaxAct in certain directions are finalised, aCabinet Sub-Committee will be examin-ing the several changes suggested

It is understood that the amendingmeasure besides providing for the en-hancement of the rate of taxation bypne half per cent will also remove cer-tain exemptions and close existing loop-holes.

Questions relating to the levy of salestax on sale of newspapers at the sourceand also at the selling agent's end will« d 2 s c " s s e d by the Finance Minister,Mr. B. Gopala Reddi with Mr. C R Sri-nivasan. Editor, Swadesamitran, at aninformal conference to-morrow.

~ LATE NEWS- • - •

A _ CALCUTTA, Aug. 11.A Bengal Government Press Note

issued at 11 p.m. to-night on the situa-°5, m C a l c u t ta and Howrah states:Reports of fourteen incidents were

received upto 9 p.m. to-day.'A serious case of rioting involving the

use of bombs, brickbats and firearmswas reported from Entally Police stationarea. The Police fired 32 rounds to dealwith the situation. Four persons wereKilled as a result of the Police firing.Four arrests were made in this connec-tion. Towards the afternoon the Policestation again reported an incident in-volving the use of firearms in which oneperson was killed and four injured.

BATAVIA, Aug. 11.An appeal to India to reinforce its

efforts to prevent Dutch intentions to-wards Indonesia was made to-night in abroadcast from Jogjakarta Radio. It des-cribed the Indian proposal that Dutchtroops should be withdrawn to the pre-war demarcation lines, as the first essen-tial to the guarantee of world peace.—Reuter.

PARIS, Aug. 11.M. Emile. Bollaert, the French High

Commissioner in Indo-China, who re-turned there only recently after consul-tations here, is being recalled imme-diately to report on the situation, it islearnt—Reuter.

FINANCES OFMADRAS

ALLOCATION FROMCENTRE

MINISTER SUMMONSCONFERENCE

MADRAS, Aug. 11.The Conference summoned by Mr.

B- Gopala Reddi. Finance Minister, toconsider questions relating to allocationof fiscal resources as between the Cen-tre and the Provinces was held thisafternoon at the Secretariat.

The Conference was attended by Mr.Kala Venkata Rao, Minister for Revenue,Messrs. Mohammed Ismail Saheb, C. R.Srinivasan, T. A. Ramalingam Chettiar,T. T. Krishnamachari, T. K. DuraiswamiAiyar, C. Seshachalam, V. Panduran-gayya and Mr. M. S. A. Majid. Dr. Dod-well, Secretary, Finance Department,and Mr. T. N. S. Raghavan, AdditionalSecretary, were present.

Mr. Gopala Reddi, in a speech, wel-comed the invitees and thanked themfor their co-operation in the study ofthe question.

At the outset, Mr. Gopala Reddi gavea bird's eye view of the financial posi-tion of the Province to help them tohave a correct idea of the present po-sition. This, he said, would enable themto press for new sources of revenue inorder to meet the normal needs of theProvince.

Opening the proceedings, Mr. GopalaReddi said that the purpose of the Con-ference was to get the benefit of theadvice of those present on matters whichwere very vital for running the Pro-vincial administration. "When the wholeConstitution is on the anvil, it is butright that we take stock of the situa-tion with regard to the finances of theProvince and see whether we can getadditional revenues from the Centre orwhether the present allocation can beincreased in our favour. I need not tellyou that just now our own Province isrunning through a deficit. Last yearthere was a deficit of Rs. 8 crores, andthis year too we anticipate a deficit. Wehave huge developmental schemes whichrequire crores of rupees. Unless there isre-allocation of finances uis-a-uis theCentre, I do not know hew we can pullthrough the difficult time lying aheadof us." ' .

GOVF.'S FINANCIAL RESOURCESMr. Gopala Reddi added:The amount of revenue from the prin-

cipal heads for 1946-47. is as follows(figures given in lakhs):

Income-tax, 406.86; Land Revenue,842.34; Excise, 1421.73; Forest, 171.65;Stamps, 427.01; Registration, 77.00; MotorVehicles Act, 118.31; Commercial Taxes,806.83; Receipts from Electricity Schemes,126.68; Other heads, 773.17.

The total income is Rs. 5,171.52 lakhs.The expenditure chargeable to revenueaccount in '46-47 comes to Rs. 5,997.13lakhs. The deficit in the revenue accountaccording to the above figures comes toRs. 825.61 lakhs which we have to drawfrom the Revenue Reserve Fund. Takingthis out, the balance in the revenue re-serve fund at the end of '46-47 willbe Rs. 2,337 lakhs.

You are aware that the Congress hasbeen fighting for total Prohibition of allalcoholic liquors right from 1920 andit has been one of the chief planks ofthe Congress programme. It was approv-ed by the electorate both in the '37 andin '46 elections. Eight districts had al-ready gone dry from October '46 andeight more are to go dry from Octoberthis year. We are painfully awarethat the loss of excise revenue will ob-viously affect the finances of the Pro-vince. But yet we are pledged to it andwe are determined to carry it out. Whenwe talk of provincial finances we canonly take into account all sources of in-come for the Province deducting theexcise income. During the war the ex-cise revenue of the Provinces went upand in 1945-46 it reached a peak figureof Rs. 1,679.50 lakhs—that was the peakyear for Madras and also for any otherProvince in India. So deducting theexcise revenue, the total revenue wouldbe roughly about Rs. 35 crores.

POST-WAB DEVELOPMENTDuring the war, a number of Com-

mittees were appointed by the Advisers'regime to go into post-war developmentschemes of the Province and a compila-tion of all the items comes to about135 crores of rupees. This amount isneeded to execute the first five-yearplan of post-war development. Even atthe end of this first five-year plan onlyone-third of the Province would comeunder the road development scheme* d one-fourth of the Province undercompulsory elementary education andmedical relief schemes.

The main items of post-war develop-ment expenditure are given below(figures given in crores)-

Health 14,08; Agriculture, 8.01; Indus-tries and Fisheries, 3.37; Irrigation 27 56-Electricity. 11.10; Forest l^fveterinaryand livestock, 1.67; Roads, 27.79- Otheritems, 9.13. Total, 135.00.«.hfLfinanue £ e P°st-war»developmentbeen nf« ^ Government of India hadbeen pleased to»give us Rs. 6.25 crores.This amount covers not only post-war»rV e l O p mJn t « * « n « but also theGrow More FoodVscheme subsidies.

The Government of India could not tellus whether this block-grant of Rs 6.2crores would be maintained during thenext five years. But let us hope that theywill maintain the figure. Even so, it willonly come to about Rs. 30 crores and wewould still require over Rs. 100 crores£ rh^ e "fXt S e £ears" This wil1 h^eto De met partly from new sources ofrevenue and partly from borrowings Ifit is not possible to cover this defici-ency from these sources, the post-wardevelopment programme will nave tobe curtailed to the extent necessary

In 1945-46 we had a surplus of Rsli crores, which was transferred to theRevenue Reserve Fund and in 1946-47we ran into a deficit of Rs. 8 croreswhich was. drawn from the RevenueReserve ^und as I had stated above.Food subsidies and purchase of armysurplus military lorries and jeepsalone represent a little over Rs 12crores, while the loss of revenue dueto Prohibition, revision of scales ofPay *°r the police constables, bonus to«ne N.G.Os, expansion of almost allGovernment Departments and subsi-dies to ryots for sinking wells, etc re-present the rest. This year too, due toextension of Prohibition in more dis-tricts, bonus for procurement of food-grams, revision of salaries for teacherswarders and police constables and newschemes introduced in the course ofthe year, there will be a deficit oftwo to three crores even after settingoff the anticipated excess income fromsale of arrack, ganja, etc., shops due tocompetitive bids at the auctions andfrom income-tax.

Under capital expenditure too, wewill have the nationalisation of roadtransport, payment of compensation tozamindars, taking over the MadrasElectric Supply Corporation and loansfor housing schemes. These schemes re-quire several crores of rupees whichhave to be met from borrowings.

Thus we are running into deficit yearay year and with the advent of totalProhibition, the deficit must be on theincrease. This can only be met by dras-tic retrenchment, which is almost outof the question, revision, of our tax sys-tem and getting more sources of incomefrom the Centre.

As the Constituent Assembly is todiscuss the Union Powers vis-a-vis Pro-vincial powers in its next session, I haveventured to call this Conference just tosee whether we can cajole the Centre,

to part with, or to share with, the Pro-vincial Government certain sources oftheir income.

Just at present, the Government ofIndia give us 15 per cent of half thenet proceeds from income-tax exclud-ing Corporation tax, under what istermed the 'Niemeyer Award'. Except-ing that contribution, there is no otherstatutory contribution from tne Centreto the Provinces.

SHARE IN CENTRAL REVENUESURGED

I shall now mention a few sources ofCentral revenues in which we canclaim a share even under the existingGovernment of India Act. (1) ThoughSections 137 and 140 (1) of the Gov-ernment of India Act provide for dis-tribution to Provinces of taxes on suc-cession of property, terminal tax, fede-ral duties on excise, and exports, etc.,nothing has been done so far and theProvinces were not benefited by the in-corporation of these clauses into theGovernment of India Act. I particularlydraw your attention to Section 140 (1)ef that Act, under which the Govern-ment of India has to share with theProvinces* the whole or part of the in-come from the tax on excise and ex-port duties. Under Section 140 (2) olthe Act, the Bengal Government isgetting a major portion of the exportduty on jute, while our Province is notgetting anything from the export dutyimposed on coffee, tea and cotton norare we getting any benefit out of theexcise duty levied on tobacco and otherarticles. On tobacco the excise duty col-lected is nearly three crores of rupeesin our Province. We are only gettinga paltry sum of Rs. 22 lakhs from theGovernment of India on the basis ofrevenue derived by us during the threeyears '40-41 to '42-45. We have a legiti-mate claim to revive our Tobaco(Taxation of sales and licensing)Act of 1939. It may yield us rough-ly about Rs. 150 lakhs if a taxis levied at 10 per cent of theturnover. On the basis of it, we can pressfor a revision of the existing arrange-ment. This Government had addresseda communication to the Government ofIndia recently on this question andpromptly came,the reply that this Rs. 22lakhs is a permanent compensation perannum and it cannot be enhanced. Sure-ly, what was done during the Advisers'Regime cannot blind a popular Legis-lature and the popular Legislature isentitled to revise, if not repudiate whatwas done previously with regard to this.

Under other heads under excise duty,the Government of India get from ourprovince a sum of three crores of rupeesand if we can get 50 per cent of it, itwill mean another 150 lakhs for ourProvince. We can safely and legallyclaim under Section 140 (1) quoted above,half of the revenue from excise djutiescollected in this Province.

2. Under export duties, too, we havea clear case for at least 50 per cent ofthe net proceeds if not, for the whole ofit.

3. Taxes on Corporation including ex-cess profit tax levied during the wartime was not divisible between the Cen-tre and the Provinces. It was' entirelyear-marked for the Centre while theProvinces contributed largely for mak-ing up that revenue. All the facilitiesthat companies .require, like electricity,etc., are provided by the Provinces; butthey do not get any return out of thesebusiness profits. It does not stand, toscrutiny that the corporation tax shouldbe excluded from the divisible pool whileincome-tax is included. There does notseem to be any reason or rhyme inthis and we must ask for the inclusionof the corporation tax also to come intothe joint divisible pool.

4. Needless to say, all the primarydevelopment schemes are vested in theProvinces and the income derived underthe income-tax must be made availableto the Provinces to a greater degree thanbefore. With the alteration of our geo-graphical boundaries, the division ofBengal and the Punjab and the cessionof the Frontier Province and Sind, theentire Niemyer Award has to be revis-ed and modified to the advantage of theProvinces. The present-50 per cent basisis totally inadequate and we can safelypress that it must be enhanced to atleast 75 per cent. The Joint Select Com-mittee presided over by Lord Linlith-gow, in one of its recommendations, en-visaged a distribution of the net pro-ceeds from the income-tax up to 75 percent of the total. But Niemyer put itat the rock-bottom minimum of 50 percent. We have a right case for raisingit to 75 per cent from 50 per cent.

For a total of about 36,000 miles ofroad in our Province, only 2,000 mileshave been taken over under the NationalHighways, leaving about 34,000 milesto be maintained by the Province andthe demand for rural roads and improv-ed communications is very pressing andurgent. The Government of India islevying a very high import duty on motor-cars, spare parts and motor spirit etc.While the bulk of the responsibility formaintaining roads is on the Provinces,the import duty on vehicles running onthese roads is taken away entirely bythe Centre. Except for a percentage ofthe surcharge on motor spirit. Pro-vinces do not get any benefit out ofthis import duty. It is one of the prin-ciples of finance that he who maintainsan institution must also get the benefitsderived from or through that institutionand it cannot be gainsaid that unlessthere are good provincial and market-ing roads, the number of buses, lorriesand cars plying on them cannot in-crease. Here again we have a good casefor a share in the import duty leviedon motor spirit, motor vehicles, etc., 6ythe Centre.

Mr. Gopala Reddi said that he wassure they had other proposals to makefor making Provincial Autonomy a realsuccess by allowing to it other newsources of income and also adding toit increased percentages in the existingresources and thus meet the urgent re-quirements in the Province's develop-mental programmes.

Concluding, Mr. Gopala Reddi saidthat it was also stated that because ofPakistan the Centre was going to lose alot of revenue, because Punjab, EastBengal and Sind had been contributingmuch to the Central Revenues.

Mr. T. T. Krishnamachari. interven-ing, stated that the revenue from thePakistan area in respect of income-taxwas Rs. 7,09.00.000 and in respect of cus-toms, Rs. 12,00.00,000 The net differ-ence between income and expenditurewould be Rs. 5 crores. 3

"Whatever it might be'1, Mr. GopalaReddi said, "recent trend in our poli-tical discussion also is to have a strongCentre. That is an aftermath of the par-tition. Before Pakistan was formed^ opi-nion was in favour of Provinces retain-ing all the powers except Defence, Ex-ternal Affairs and Communications. Butafter the partition, the entire ideologyis changed and the trend is to have astrong Centre with enough financial re-sources, capable of acting in times ofemergency. We have to reconcile a strongCentre with complete Provincial Auto-nomy and also make Provincial Auto-nomy a real success. These are facts tobe borne in mind when we put forwardour proposals."

COMMITTEE'S OPINIONThe Committee then discussed the

subject the proceedings of which werenot open to the Press.

It is understood that some of the In-vitees suggested that the Province mightpress for a larger share of the exciserevenues and income tax.

Opinion was however generally infavour of the view that the Centreshould be a strong one and necessaryfinancial resources should be made avai-lable to it. There was a feeling that an

TRAIN DERAILS ATVILLUPURAM

FOUR COACHESCAPSIZE

NO LOSS OF LIFEMADRAS, Aug. 11.

News has been received in Madrasthat the engine and four coaches of thepassenger train No. 246 from Pondicherrygot derailed at the facing point whileentering the Villupuram Station atabout 3-45 p.m. to-day.

Three coaches next to the engine, oneof which was upper class carriage, werestated to have capsized and partly teles-coped. The next coach got derailedwhile the remaining carriages wereon the line.

As a result of the accident two firemenwere seriously injured and they wereremoved to the Villupuram Hospital.

The latest report received in Madrasshows that forunately only two of thepassengers in the capsized coaches wereinjured. They were also taken to thehospital for treatment. The driver hada miraculous ̂ escape.

On account of this accident, both themain and chord lines have been blockedand through running has been interrupt-ed. The Railway authorities are layingdiversion lines near the place of acci-dent and the work is expected to takeeight to ten hours.

THROUGH TRAINS DELAYEDDue to the accident, all the trains leav-

ing Madras Egmore were held up forsome time. The Trivandrum Express leftEgmore only at 10-15 p.m., with pas-sengers. The Indo-Ceylon Express leftthe station shortly after 11 p.m. Theother two trains, the Trivandrum Pas-senger and the Trichinopoly Express leftEgmore two hours later.

Mr. Kadirvelu Mudaliar, Station Su-perintendent, Egmore, attended to theneeds of the passengers who were heldup at the station to-night.

On receipt of information, a break-down special was sent from Egmore.The special which left Egmore at 6 p.m.reached Villupuram by about 10 p.m.Officers and equipment from Trichino-poly also arrived at Villupuram in an-other breakdown special. The perma-nent way and rolling stock were foundbadly damaged.

Mr. Ranjit Singh, District OperatingSuperintendent, who left on camp thismorning, is on the spot and he is attend-ing personally to the relief operations.

The No. 7 passenger train which leftEgftore this morning, terminated atVillupuram. A duplicate train is beingrun in its place from Trichinopoly.

The diversion on' the chord line isexpected to be ready by midnight andthat on the main line by about 4 in themorning. f

All the trains coming to Villupuramfrom Trichinopoly this evening, havealso been held up.

The cause of the accident is notknown.

All the incoming trains to Egmorestation to-morrow morning, are expect-ed to arrive very late.

A Trichinopoly message received inconnection with the railway accident atVillupuram says that according to theDeputy Operating Superintendent, S. I.Railway, through running is likely tobe resumed in about eight hours.

TWO FIREMEN INJUREDOur Villupuram correspondent adds:Passenger train Number 246 coming

from Pondicherry while negotiating thecurve to enter Villupuram junction, metwith an accident. The engine capsizedand the following four passenger car-riages viere thrown off the rails. Twofiremen were severely injured andthe driver escaped unhurt. A few pas-sengers were stated to have sustainedminor injuries. The permanent way wasdamaged.

The Dhanushkodi Passenger Number 7(which left Egmore this morning) aboutto leave Villupuram, was detained here.

Railway communication southwardsbeyond Villupuram is blocked. Mr. Ran-jit Singh, District Operating Superinten-dent and other railway authorities arenow on the "spot.

OFFICIAL REPORTThe District Operating Superintendent,

Madras, at Villupuram, wires as fol-lows:

At about 15-40 hours on 11th Augustwhile No. 246 Up passenger train fromPondicherry was arriving at Villupu-ram junction it derailed resulting in theengine of the train capsizing and thefour coaches next to the engine alsoderailing. The two firemen were serious-ly injured and two passengers sufferedslight abrasions. Through running willprobably be resumed at about four hourson August 12.—A.P.I.

IMPROVEMENT OFPUBLIC HEALTH

CONFERENCE* TO~DISCUSSBHORE COMMITTEE PLANS

MADRAS,1 Aug. 11.The recommendations of the Bhore

Committee in so far as they relate tothis Province will form the mam topic ofdiscussion at a Conference convened bythe Health Propaganda Board, Madras,on August 30 and 31.

H. E. the Governor will inaugurate theproceedings, and Dr. A. LakshmanaswamiMudaliar, Vice-Chancellor and a Mem-ber of that Committee, has consented topreside.

AMERICAN MARKETSNEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE

NEW YORK. Aug. U.The opening prices are : Anaconda Copper

Mining S35S; General Motors $59; U S. SteelCorpn. Common $71 and Pref.—Not quoted

NEW YORK COTTONTo-day's opening price for October 33.32

equitable basis for the allocation of theresources should de devised, so as to re-concile the need of a strong Centre withthe needs of the Province for increasedrevenue.

The view, it is understood, was alsoexpressed that until the full picture ofthe Constitution as it might ultimatelyemerge, both in respect of the Provincesand the Centre, was available, and oftheir relations was known, it would be[Jifficult, to discuss the matter.

A suggestion was made that theymight await the outcome of the discus-sions in the Constituent Assembly atDelhi and meet at a full conference toexamine the whole question at the appro-priate time. In the meantime, any im-mediate adjustment necessary might beEffected by negotiation.

The Confereqce then adjourned tinedie,

CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLYLIKELY TO DISCUSS

MADRAS, Aug. 12.It is understood that important ques-

tions regarding allocations of fiscal re-sources as between the Provinces andthe Centre' will come up . before theConstituent Assembly at its next meet-ng.

Mr. B. Gopala Reddi, Finance Minis-ter, is leaving for Delhi on August 18 toattend the Constituent Assembly and Mr.Oodwell, Finance Secretary to the Gov-ernment, will be accompanying him.

PAKISTAN ASSEMBLY• — • —

(Continued from previous page.)who do not agree with it, who do notlike it, but in my judgment there wasno other solution. I think when historyrecords its verdict it will be proved byfacts that it was the only solution ofIndia's- constitutional problem. Anyother idea of a united India wouldnever have worked, and in my judg-ment it would have led us to terrificdisaster. But in this division it becameimpossible to avoid the question of mi-norities being in one Dominion or theother."

EQUAL RIGHTS OF CITIZENSHIPPromising equal rights of citizenship

to all. Mr. Jinnah amidst cheers said:"If we want to make this great State ofPakistan happy and prosperous, thenwe should wholly and solely concentrateon the well-being of the people andespecially of the masses and the poor."

Addressing the minorities in particu-lar, Mr. Jinnah said: "If you work in aspirit of co-operation, forgetting thepast and burying the hatchet, I will saythat every one of you, no matter towhat community you belong, no matterwhat colour, caste or creed, is first,second and last a citizen of this Statewith equal rights, privileges and obli-gations."

Proceeding, Mr. Jinnah said that theyshould begin to work in that spirit andin course of time all the angularities ofmajority and minority communities,provincialism and caste prejudiceswould vanish. These were the biggesthindrances in the way of India's attain-ing freedom and but for these we wouldhave been free people long ago. No-body could hold another nation of fourhundred millions in subjugation orcontinue to hold for any length of timebut for these.

"You are free to go to your templesaj»d to your places of worship, in thisState of Pakistan" Mr. Jinnah said."While you may belong to one religionor caste or creed that has nothing to dowith the business of the State."(Cheers).

Mr. Jinnah recalled the conditions ofbitterness that existed between RomanCatholics and Pr#estants in Englandsome time ago ana said that even nowthere were some States in existencewhere there were discriminations.

"NO DISCRIMINATION""We are starting the State with no

discrimination, no distinction bet-ween one community and another, bet-ween caste or creed. We are startingwith this fundamental principle that weare all citizens and equal citizens ofone State. (Loud applause.) We shouldkeep that in front of us as our idealand you will find that in course oftime Hindus will cease to be Hindusand Muslims will cease to be Muslims,not in the religious sense, because thatis the personal faith of each individual,but in the political sense as the citizensof the nation."

Mr. Jinnah assured the House that hewould always be guided by principlesof justice and fairplay without anyprejudice or illwill and he was surethat with their support and co-operationhe could look forward to Pakistan tobe one of the greatest nations of theworld. (Loud applause).

GOOD WISHES FROM. U. S.The President then read out messages

of congratulations received by theHouse from Mr. George Marshall.United States Secretary of State andfrom the Australian Government wish-ing successful conclusion of the greatwork of framing the constitution ofPakistan based on principles of demo-cracy and peace and political, social andeconomic progress of the people of thecountry.

NATIONAL FLAG OFPAKISTAN

Mr. Liaqat Ali Khan, at the conclu-sion of the Presidential speech, moved aresolution for adoption of the NationalFlag of Pakistan.

This is the official description of theflag: "A dark green rectangular flag inthe proportion of length to width 3:2,with a white vertical bar at the mast,the green portion bearing a white cres-cent in the centre and a five-pointedwhite heraldic star. The size of thewhite portion will be one-fourth thesize of the flag, nearest the mast, the re-maining three-fourths being dark green."

Unfurling two flags which he present-ed to the President to adorn the Presi-dential table, Mr. Liaqat Ali Khan ex-plained the ideals for which the Flagstood.

He said: "This Flag is not the flag ofany one political party or community.It is the Flag of the Pakistan nation andthe State which is to come into exist-ence on August 15. It is not really thecloth that matters, but its importancelies in what it stands for. I can say with-out any fear of contradiction that thisFlag will stand for freedom, liberty andequality of all those whp owe allegianceto the Flag of Pakistan.

"This Flag will protect the legitimaterights of every citizen and will defendthe integrity of the State. This Flag, Ihave no doubt in my mind, will gain therespect of all nations of the world be-cause once Pakistan State is established,when we get the opoortunity of workingout the destinies of 70 million people, weshall show to the world at large that,although we are a new State we will bea State worthy of the 70 million peopleof Pakistan. We will live in peace andwe will be a State that will help inmaintaining peace throughout the world.

"EMBLEM OF PEACE"

"We know what are the consequencesof exploitation. We have been exploitedfor the last 200 years and we would bethe last people to use the Flag for thepurpose of exploiting other nations. ThisFlag will be the Flag of freedom notonly for the people of Pakistan, but willalso be the emblem of peace and helpin maintaining peace throughout theworld.

"As I visualise, the State of Pakistanwill be a State where there will be nospecial privileges, no special rights forany one particular community or Indi-vidual It will be a State where everycitizen will have eaual rights, equal op-portunity and equal privileges and theywill share equally all the obligations thatlie on the citizens of Pakistan."

AMENDMENT MOVED BYMR. SACHAR

Lala Bhimsen Sachar sought the per-mission of the President to speak inHindustani, but the Chair ruled thatEnglish was the language of the Houseand only when members could not ex-press themselves adequately they couldspeak in the language they chose.

Mr. Sachar who moved an amendmentfor the appointment of a committee toreport on the design of the PakistanNational Flag by noon to-morrow, offeredhis congratulations to Mr. Liaqat AliKhan for the definition of the ideal forwhich the Flag stood.

Explaining the reasons why he movedthe amendment despite Mr. Liaqat AliKhan's utterances, he said these utter-ances threw a tremendous responsibilityon the head of the State in the day-to-day administration. He was sure thatunder Mr. Jinnah's guidance and inspi-ration the Government would translateinto action these utterances and theprinciples that had been enunciated, theieason why he asked for a* committeewas that the minorities wanted to feelthat they were associated with the affairs-of the State at every step, and the deter-mination of the National Flag of theState was not a small matter but was ofthe greatest importance.

The Flag symbolised the urges andaspirations and the spirit of the people.The people would embrace even deathto defend it. The purpose of the amend-.»ent was to make it more acceptable to

the minorities. He was glad to knowfrom Mr. Liaqat Ali Khan that it was nota religious Flag but it was the Flag ofthe State inhabited by Muslims, Hindusand Sikhs as equal citizens of Ihe State.This had gone a great way in creatingthe necessary confidence.

MINORITIES MUST BE CONSULTEDMr. Sachar said it would have been

better if the leaders of the minoritycommunities had been consulted whenthe Flag was designed and even nowit was not too late. The minoritieswanted an opportunity to deliberatewith the President in a matter of thisnational importance. His object wasnot at all to create difficulties. Pakis-tan was the result of mutual under-standing, accommodation and effortsto work out the destinies of the coun-try in a manner which would appealto the two great political parties in thecountry. The minorities wanted no spe-cial favour; they wanted justice andequal opportunity to work shoulder toshoulder with others. ?

Mr. Dhirendra Nath Dutta, sup-porting the amendment said that theFlag was to a great extent identicalwith the Party flag of the MuslimLeague. The Congress Party flag did notrepresent the. communities of Indiaand it was claimed that the coloursrepresented the virtues of the nation.That analogy could therefore not beapplicable here.

"NOT A RELIGIOUS FLAG"Replying to the debate, Mr. Liaqat

Ali Khan reiterated that it was not thesame flag as the Muslim League flag.It was not a religious flag. Secondly.Pakistan State must have its own flagon August 15. the date of its birth.They had tried to give a prominentplace to the white colour, and aboutone-fourth of the flag was white, acolour that was made up of seven dif-ferent colours.

He added: "Thank God we have notgot seven different classes in Pakistan.1 hope I will not create a minority.It is only a minority that can create aminority. As I am in the majoritycommunity in Pakistan, it will not bemy desire to create a minority. Eventhe Muslim members of .the ConstituentAssembly knew nothing about the flagwhich was designed in Delhi by a fewof us."

It was for the first time that his Mus-lim colleagues in the House had seenit. It was, therefore, not a question ofnot associating the minorities. It wouldbe his endeavour and desire to associatethe representatives of the minoritiesin the House at every stage in theAssembly's deliberations. "We want towork in co-operation and not in oppo-sition. In view of the special circum-stances and shortness of time at ourdisposal, and in view of the fact thatthe National Flag of Pakistan is to flyin every nook and corner of thecountry. I. hope the members will notpress the amendment."

AMENDMENT NEGATIVEDMr. Jinnah put the amendment to

vote before the House which nega-tived it and the House adopted theNational Flag as described in the re-solution.

Mr. Kiran Shankar Boy sought thepermission of the Chair to make someobservations, but Mr. "Jinnah expressedhis inability to allow it as it was not per-missible under the rules,, though, Mr.Jinnah said, the House would like tohear him.

Mr. Kiran^ Shanker Roy said: "Afterthe verdict of the House, we accept theflag as the National Flag of Pakis-tan.'' (Loud cheers).

Mr. Liaqat Ali Khan then proposedthat the two flags which he presentedto the Assembly might be kept 'in theNational Museum.̂ but in the meantimeshould remain in the safe custody ofthe President of the Pakistan Consti-tuent Assembly.

Before adjourning for the day, theHouse adopted a resolution moved bySardar Abdur Rab Nishtar, appointinga committee consisting of a Chairmanto be nominated by the President andseven other members to be elected by theAssembly to report as soon as possibleon (a), the rules of procedure of theAssembly, (b) the powers of the Presi-dent and (c) procedure for declara-tion and filling of vacancies in theAssembly.—A.PJ.

HIGH COMMISSIONERS FROMBURMA TO INDIA

RANGOON. Aug. 7.The Government of Burma is at pre-

sent awaiting concurrence from Delhiand Karachi in regard to the appoint-ment of former Cabinet Ministers,U Win and U Pe Khin as Burmese HighCommissioners to the Dominions ofIndia and Pakistan respectively, it wasofficially learnt here to-day.

The High Commissioners, it wasstated, were ready to leave as soon asconcurrence was received in order tobe present at their posts when-transferof power to India takes place on August15.—Reuter.

"DESHABIMANI" TORESUME

CALICUT, Aug. 11.As required by the Madras Govern-

ment. DeshabiTnani, Communist morn-ing daily of Calicut, furnished thecash security demanded of it, to-daybefore Mr. E. W. Bouchier, I.C.S Dis-trict Magistrate and also filed a freshdeclaration. The paper will be comingout from to-morrow morning. It may beremembered that two sureties of Rs.1,000 and Rs. 4,000 were forfeited re-cently to the Madras Government, re-sulting in the non-publication of thepaper. But due to intercession of theAll-India Editors Conference and theMadras Press Advisory Committee, theMadras Government permitted the re-sumption of the paper.—F.O.C.

MYSORE STATE CONGRESSBANGALORE, Aug. 11.

The Working Committee of the MysoreState Congress is meeting on August 20when the details relating to the launch-ing of Satyagraha, the form it shouldtake, when exactly it should begin etc.,will, I understand, be settled. At a publicmeeting that same evening, a declara-tion is expected to be made by theCongress President.

Mr. K. C. Reddy, President of the My-sore State Congress and Member, Con-stituent Assembly, will be leaving forDelhi by air on August 14 and afterparticipating in the midnight session ofthe Assembly and the Independence Daycelebrations •will return to Bangalore onAugust 17,—F.O.C

MADRAS I.C.S. OFFICERSFOR PAKISTAN GOVT.

MADRAS, Aug. 11.It is notified that the following I.C.S.

officers on the Madras Cadre serving inthe Madras Province, will be released forappointment under the Pakistan Gov-ernment, on August 14.

The hon, Mr. M. Shahabuddin, JudgeHigh Court, Madras, (on leave),Messrs. M. Karamatullah (on leave).S. M. Hasan (Chief Presidency Magis-trate, Madras), S. A. M. Khan (Districtand Sessions judge, Ramnad), A. Ma-jeed (Under-Secretary to Government.Home Department), K. S. Islam (Sub-Collector, Narasapatam, VizagapatamDistrict), I. H. Usmani (Sub-Collector.'Madanapalle) and Riazuddin Ahmed(Sub-Collector, Hospet). '

LETTERS TO THEEDITOR

COMMUNAL INCENDIARISM

Sir,—Wherever one goes in the streets ofMadras one finds, written. in letters morethan 12" high, in red 'kavi', on the wallsot public institutions, inflammatory slo-gans like "Murder the Brahmins; Let theBrahmins perish," etc. Even if theyare posters they can be removed;as they are painted, it will re-quire a squadron of men to wipeth«m off. Is not the Government aware,with an efficient police at its back,that an organised band of gangsters areindulging in creating communal tension?It was calumnies like these, that excitedthe mob to 'violence, in Noakhali andother places.

At a time, when a new era of harmonyis lo be ushered in, these signs do notbode well. Any Government, that lets suchcommunal incendiarism unchallenged,will be abdicating its authority into thehands of lawless elements in society. Willthe authorities take ,«vp the matter, andbring to justice the miscreants?

Mylapore. « T. K. K. Raman.

DRESS REGULATION FOR LAWYERS

Sir,—The questien of prescribing a suit-able dress for lawyers has to be consider-ed in relation with the establishment ofa Supreme Court for India and the feasi-bility of having an All-India Bar. Since theSupreme Court is becoming the finalCourt of Appeal in Civil as well as inCriminal cases, the chances of practitionersfrom various Provinces attending IliaSupreme Court will increase. Should theSupreme Court prescribe a particular kindof dress as the court dress for lawyers,the difficulty of practitioners having morethan one set of robes becomes apparent.It is therefore desirable that the courtdress for lawyers is prescribed in consul-tation with the Bar Associations of all theProvinces by the Supreme Court of India.We are afraid that any attempt on thepart of individual Bar Associations totackle this question will be premature andcause confusion.

The Provincial Bar Federation has morethan once considered this matter and hssdeferred coming to a decision only for theabove reasons, ,

R. Venkataraman,Secretary, Provincial Bar Federation,

Madras.t ' .

SUMMONING THE LEGISLATURE

Sir,—I understand that the Governmenthave decided hot to summon the MadrasLegislature for the Independence Day cele-brations on the 15th instant. It is a pitythat when the Constituent Assembly isbeing convened on that day the Provin-cial Government should think it wise andjust to omit from its programme the mostimportant institution in the Province fromparticipation in the celebrations. Conside-rations of the cost of summoning of theLegislature for this function speciallyshould not have stood in the way. Manyof the members of the Legislature havemade enormous sacrifices in the cause ofthe struggle for Independence and theyshould not be deprived of the right toparticipate In the celebrations as membersof the Legislature. I hope that the Gov-ernment would reconsider the policy andget the Legislature convened by emergentnotice.

I also understand from a reliable sourcethat the National Flag is to be hoisted inthe high mast in the Fort in the darkhours of the morning of 15th or of thenight of the 14th. This is to say the leasthorrible. It is not understood whatprompted the authorities to come to adecision for an arrangement of this kind.It is better to take special steps to gatherthe necessary audience at a suitable hourand hoist the flag on the mast publicly sothat members of the Legislature who areprevented from participating in the cele-brations as such may have the pleasure offinding the flag being hoisted notonly In the high mast In the Fortbut also on the respective chambersof the Legislature. For the sake ofthe prestige of the Province andself-respect of the Legislature this maybe re-arranged, so as to make the occa-sion dignified and spectacular.

Chittoor. K. Varadacharl, M.L.A.

SALARIES OF GAZETTED OFFICERS

Sir,—May I request the hospitality ofyour columns for making a few observa-tions on the future of Gazetted Govern-ment services in this Presidency afterAugust 15?

Considering the per capita income of itsnationals, no country on the face of theearth pays such high salaries to its officersas India does. This is a time for stock-taking and for very careful planning onwhich our future will depend. Owing tothe national character of the Governmentand its anxiety to raise the moral andeconomic tone of the masses by introduc-ing Prohibition, and expanding the nation-building departments of the Presidency, itis but natural that every effort should bemade to introduce economy in administra-tion. Only such people should be takeninto Government service as are actuatedby a desire to serve the public. Those whowant money may go into trade and com-merce and draw large salaries and makebig profits. For nationals anxious to servetheir motherland, money will only be asecondary consideration. Of course it Isfor the Government to see that public-spirited men and women who enter itsservice are given good terms of servicp.I suggest that no person who has enteredGovernment service after August 16, 1945,should be offered more than the salariesmentioned below. All gazetted officersshould be in the grade of Rs. 200-25-700and for responsible and arduous workthey should be offered an extra pay! I shalltake up a few departments for purposesof Illustration.

Let there be a cadre of Deputy Collec-tors on a scale of pay of Rs. 200-25-700.A Deputy Collector on appointment asCollector may be given an allowance o£Rs. 100 p.m., an allowance of Rs. 250 p.m.on appointment as Member of the Boardof Revenue, and of Rs. 300 on appoint-ment as Chief Secretary to the Govern-ment. The officer will make no suddenjumps to much higher salaries but willdraw the salary of his own earned senio-rity to which will be added the aboveallowances.

Similarly let there be a cadre of Sub-Judges In the scale Rs. S00-25-70O. The Dis-trict Munsifs may be designated, as in thePunjab, as Junior Sub-Judges, and theirsalaries be fixed at a maximum of Rs. 500.Officers above that pay may be called Sub-Judges. A Sub-Judge on appointment asDistrict and Sessions Judge may be givenan allowance of Rs. 100 p.m., and of Rs.300 p.m. on being made a High CourtJudge.

In the same way the salary of thePolice Department might be fixed at theabove ngures, and D.S.Ps. given an allow-ance of Rs. 50 p.m., D.I.Gs. of Rs. 100 p.m.,and the I. G. of Police Rs. 300 p.m. Simi-larly Assistant Conservators of Forestswill, on appointment as Conservators, drawan allowance of Rs. 100 p.m., and Rs. 300p.m. when appointed Chief Conservator.

The scale for all services being the same,the higher officers will draw allowancesto compensate them for responsible work.Under this scheme, Assistant Engineerswill get an allowance of Rs. 50 p.m. whenappointed Executive Engineers, of Rs. 100p.m. when appointed SuperintendingEngineers, and of Rs 300 when made ChiefEngineers. Divisional Inspectors of Schools,Deputy Directors of Public Instruction,Principals of First Grade Colleges willdraw an allowance of Rs. 50 p.m., and ofRs. 300 when appointed Director of Pub-lic Instruction. .

The idea of a Police State will naturallybe repugnant to a sovereign India and anumber, of posts now in existence owingto an imperialist, bureaucratic outlookshould be immediately abolished. The Dis-trict Officers should be given a free handsubject to the supervision of the depart-mental chief and public opinion. Posts likeConservators of Forests, Deputy Inspec-tors-General of Police, Divisional Inspec-tors of Schools, Members of the Board ofRevenue, etc., have no place in a self-respecting and self-governing India.

Now that the Ministers of Governmentare drawing Rs. 1,000 p.m. as salary, it isabsurd to pay others tnore than that. Theplace for those who are money-minded istrade and commerce. It may be remarkedthat these scales of salary will not at-tract the best brains. That is not brue ofa highly spiritual country like India, thebest men of whom, like Buddha, Asoka,Nanak, Kabir, Dayananda, RamakrishnaParamahamsa, Vivekananda, Subhas Chan-dra Bose. Nehru, Patel, Rajagopalachari,tiajendra Prasad, Abdul Ghaffar Khan,and Gandhiji have cared only for highervalues of life without thinking tor amoment of their own economic betterment.Men entering Government service shouldbe missionaries and not mercenaries.

Dr. K f amrhnmi Wade.Kumbakonam.

6_

PRIC