THE HETEROGENEITY OF HOUSING ELDERLY’S PROFILE: EVIDENCE

FROM WALLOON DATA

Dr. Stéphanie CASSILDEHSA Conference 2015, 8th-10th April

Why and How Searching of Heterogeneity of Housing Elderly’s

Profile ?

Research question and objectives

Aging: shifting from an aggregated group of elderly to

(maybe) various groups Enough observations in surveys

Analytical objective Descriptive objective

Housing Quality Survey in Wallonia

EQH 2006-2007

Description of each household

1895 retired, 4031 non-retired

EQH 2012-2013

Description of each individual within the household

1954 retired, 4058 non-retired

Housing = Regional Authority ; private households

+: cross sectional comparability

-: lost of information (age, comparable income)

Household level

Methodology

Multiple Correspondence Factorial Analysis

Hierarchical Ascendant Classification Descriptive statistics for the group-specific

characteristics

Full sample Sample of retired Sample of non-retired

With the results, I wish to learn

Is the factorial space of housing conditions the same for all?

Which are the differences between retired groups and non-retired groups?

Which are the similarities between retired groups and non-retired groups?

To which extent is there an heterogeneity of housing elderly’s profile?

The Walloon Context

The Walloon Context

Being landlord is the norm (70%) Promotion to access property (bonus logement;

ends in 2015) High preference for detached-houses High preference for houses (80%) 50-70 sqrt.m. belongs to small housing (very) Old housing stock Poor insulation

Promotion to realize insulation (add of income eligibility criteria in 2015)

The Factorial Space of Housing Conditions in Wallonia

Comparable Active Variables

Salubrity index (5 categories) Housing type (3 types) Building year (6 intervals) Area in sqrt.m. (6 intervals) Heating type (3 categories) Walls insulation (2 categories) Windows insulation (2 categories) Status (2 categories)

Descriptive statistics: gender, disable, satisfaction, will to move, [age], [income]

The Factorial Space

Dimension 1

Housing type Area in sqrt.m. Status

α Cronbach between 0.572 and 0.671

Dimension 2

Salubrity index Heating type Building year Insulation

α Cronbach between 0.394 and 0.463

landlordhouse

huge area

tenantapartmentsmall area

old buildingbad salubrity indexindividual heating

new buildinggood salubrity index

central heatinggood insulation

Dimension 1

Dimension 2

4 groups

EQH 2006-2007

Results

EQH 2006-2007: Results

-2,0

-1,5

-1,0

-0,5

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

3,5

-1,0 -0,5 0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0

efficient insulation for windowsefficient insulation for walls

built after 1990

very good salubrity index

central heating appartment

1 to 40 sqrt.m.

tenant51 to 71 sqrt.m.

landlord101 to 150 sqrt.m.

151 to 200 sqrt.m.

built 1919-1945

built 1875-1918 average salubrity index

individualheating

very badsalubrity index

bad salubrity index

neither house nor apartment

group D

group B

group C

group A

Source: EQH 2006-2007Households whom head is retired

EQH 2006-2007: Results

4 groups of retired household head

A: 60.3% (AVERAGE) old housing

B: 13.7% old apartment with individual heating and bad salubrity index

C: 9.1% better housing conditions

D: 16.9% tenant in new small apartment

4 groups of non-retired household head

1: 25.2% better housing conditions

2: 18.3% small housing with average salubrity index

3: 29.4% old huge housing with individual heating and bad/average salubrity index

4: 27.1% tenant in very small apartment

EQH 2006-2007: Results

4 groups of retired household head

A: 60.3% (AVERAGE) B: 13.7% [low income] C: 9.1% very satisfied

[refusal to communicate the income]

D: 16.9% woman [low income]

4 groups of non-retired household head

1: 25.2% very satisfied, do not want to move [good income or refusal]

2: 18.3% [average income] disable in the household

3: 29.4% (AVERAGE) 4: 27.1% not satisfied

[low income]

EQH 2012-2013

Results

EQH 2012-2013: Results

Source: EQH 2012-2013Households whom head is retired

-2,5

-2,0

-1,5

-1,0

-0,5

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

-1,0 -0,5 0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5

1 to 40 sqrt.m.

apartment

tenant51 to 70 sqrt.m.

built after 1990individual heating

very bad salubrity index

no heating or only extra heatingbad salubrity index

built 1919-1945built 1875-1918

71 to 100 sqrt.m.landlord

151 to 200 sqrt.m.

101 to 150 sqrt.m.

very good salubrity index

built 1971-1990

efficient insulation for windows

efficient insulation for walls

group A

group C

group D

group B

EQH 2012-2013: Results

4 groups of retired household head

A: 43.5% (AVERAGE) old housing, no heating or only extra heating

B: 4.6% tenant in small apartment

C: 36.7% better housing conditions

D: 15.2% tenant in new small apartment

4 groups of non-retired household head

1: 26.2% better housing conditions

2: 16.1% tenant in small apartment with individual heating

3: 45.2% old housing with average salubrity index

4: 12.6% tenant in small and old apartment with very bad salubrity index and no heating or only extra heating

EQH 2012-2013: Results

4 groups of retired household head

A: 43.5% (AVERAGE) B: 4.6% woman

[low/average income] C: 36.7% very satisfied

[huge income] [55 to 64] D: 15.2% woman

4 groups of non-retired household head

1: 26.2% very satisfied [huge income]

2: 16.1% woman, low satisfaction, will to move [low/average income] [25-34]

3: 45.2% (AVERAGE) 4: 12.6% woman, disable

in the household, low satisfaction, will to move [low income]

Comparing EQH 2006-2007 and 2012-2013

Results

What affect retired and non-retired

What is due to the evolution of the housing sector:

Extra heating is back Decrease of landlord %, even if higher

proportion of landlord among retired than among non-retired

Growing heterogeneity among retired

Decrease of A % (AVERAGE group) Worse housing conditions for A Increase of C % (better conditions) Decrease of B % Stability of D %

Today non-retired are tomorrow retired

Growing heterogeneity that can be expected : Stability of (1) % (better conditions) Stability of (2) % But worse housing conditions for (2) and

feminization Increase of (3) % (AVERAGE) old buiding Decrease of (4) %

Conclusions, Limitations, and Perspectives

Conclusions

4 housing elderly’s profiles in Walloon data Growing differences between these

profiles Invite to a thinner focus for public policy

design

Limitations and Perspectives

Collective households (retired home) Elderly who live with their children Retired status maybe « erases » former

characteristics following life housing path

Curiosity for other countries: which factorial space? Which kind of heterogeneity among elderly?

Thank you for your attention

The Heterogeneity of Housing Elderly’s Profile: Evidence from

Walloon Data

Dr. Stéphanie CASSILDEHSA Conference 2015, 8th-10th April