THE GENETIC OF CANCER

Increased mitosis Tumor formation

Tumor suppression gene

Hyperactive growth

TranslocationPoint mutation Amplification

Normal growth

Normal growth

Proto-oncogene

Normal protein

Defective protein

Normal cell division

Uncontrolled cell division

Excessive protein stimulation

ROLES OF CANCER GENES IN CELL SIGNALING

PROTO-ONCOGENES AND ONCOGENES

Proto-oncogenes code for growth factors

Mutations cause overproduction of growth

factors

Proto-oncogenes code for growth factor receptors

Mutant receptor no longer requires growth factor

binding

Proto-oncogenes code for transcription factors

Factors always bind to their target gene promotor

Proto-oncogenes code for proteins that

transmit external stimuli for cell

division.Stimulation no longer

needed

TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES

EFFECT OF CANCER GENES ON CELL CYCLE

Oncogenes Tumor suppressor genes

COMMON FORMS OF CANCER TREATMENT

Chemotherapy RadiotherapySurgery

May be used alone or in combination

THERAPEUTIC TARGETS AGAINST CANCER CELLS

Inactivation cell surface

receptor

Inhibition of angiogenesis

Inhibition of metastasis

Inactivation of receptor-

associated G-proteins

Inhibition of amplifying enzymes

Inhibition of Rb protein

Inhibition of p53 protein

IMMUNOTHERAPY AGAINST CANCER CELLSTumor cell with target antigen

Antibodies against target antigen

Binding to target receptor

Complement activation

Destruction by cytotoxic T cells

MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES AS RADIATION AND DRUG

CARRIERSMonoclonal Antibodies as

radiation carrierMonoclonal Antibodies as

drug carrier

Chemotherapeutic agent Radioactive label

GENE THERAPY OF CANCER