The Fungi Kingdom
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Transcript of The Fungi Kingdom
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The Fungi KingdomMycolog
y -the study of fungi
fungus - singularfungi- plural
1) fungi are eukaryotic• they have a nucleus and
organelles2) they are heterotrophs• they depend on other organisms for food3) they are multicellular
4) they cannot move but feed off of host or are parasites
4 Main Characteristics of Fungi
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1) fungi lack chlorophyll
2) fungi are not photosynthetic• cannot produce their own food
3) they never reproduce by seeds4) most fungi have cell walls made of chitin… Except molds
4 Reasons Fungi Are Different From Plants
cellulose• Plant cell walls are made of what?
• molds have cell walls made of cellulose…like plants
• most are saprophytes• some are parasites
Saprophyte-feeds on dead/decaying organisms
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FUNGAL ORGANELLESContain many of the organelles found in other cells
DO NOT contain CHLOROPLASTS!!!!!!!!!
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The Fungi KingdomFungi GROWTH
Hyphae - network of thin thread-like structures that form the “body” of a fungus
• hyphae grow and branch until they cover and digest the food source (upon which the fungi is growing)
• hyphae contain cytoplasm
hypha - singularhyphae - plural
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The Fungi KingdomParts of fungi:
Mycelium - a mass of hyphaemycelia - plural
• The mycelium is usually hidden in the soil, in wood, or another food source
• A mycelium may fill a single ant, or cover many acres
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• the structure of the fungi that you can see, is the part that carries out reproduction
• most fungi reproduce by using spores
Reproduction is classified according to:
(fungi spores are microscopic)
EX: Mushrooms & puffballs release large clouds of spores. Each cloud contains millions of spores
Fungi Reproduction:
1) the way they form the spores
2) the shape of the structure in which spores are made
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The Fungi Kingdom
single hypha
Mass of hyphae (mycelium)
Germ tube (Growing Spore)
(initial hypha)
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1- Sporangium Fungi
Rhizopus
Stachybatrus
Bread mold
Water mold
Cheese mold:Blue, Roquefort,Brie
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Sporangium fungi reproduces by spores in the ends of the hyphae
• Sporangia- structures found on the tips of hyphae that make spores
• EX: Bread Mold
• Bread mold produces spores in sporangia that stick up above the bread
4 Main Types of Fungi:
1.Sporangium Fungi/Mold
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1- Sporangium Fungi
• The hyphae have spore case or SPORANGIA at the ends
Sporangium
Hyphae Mycelium
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Sporangium with spores inside
Sporangium releasing Spores
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1- Sporangium Fungi
Hyphae
Sporangium
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2. Club fungi - have a club-shaped part which produces the spores
4 Types of Fungi
Example: MUSHROOMS
Corn Smut
Puffball
Shelffungus
Coral Fungus
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2- Club Fungi
• b) Produce spores from club shaped sacs called basidia.
Cap
Stipe Gills
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The Fungi KingdomWhat are we looking at when we
see a… fungus-among-us?
The ‘living’ body of the fungus is a mycelium
The part of the fungus that we see is only the “fruit” of the organism
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2- Club Fungi
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2- Club Fungi
Basidium
Spores
Cap
Stipe
Gills
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3. Sac Fungi - produce spores in sac-like structures
EX: yeasts, cup fungi, powdery mildews, & lichens
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3- Sac Fungi
Tuber magnatum truffle:A delicacy @ $1,000-$2,000 per lb.
Mitrula paludosa
Cup fungi
Cramp ball
Example: YEAST
Dead Man’sFingersSome molds:
Penicillium
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3- Sac Fungi
• b) Produce spores inside a small sac called an
ASCUS.
An Ascus with spores inside
Many Asci
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3- Sac Fungi
• Yeast cells producing asci.
Asci
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RESPIRATION
• AEROBIC
• ANAEROBIC
• Occurs with Oxygen
• Occurs without Oxygen
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2 types of Cellular Respiration
• Aerobic Respiration
• Requires Oxygen• Water and CO2 are
waste products• Food + Oxygen
CO2 + Water + ATP
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2 Types of Cellular Respiration
• Anaerobic Respiration (Fermentation)
• Does not require Oxygen (anaerobic)
• Yeast cells used to make bread
• Creates CO2 (makes bread rise) , alcohol (for beer, wine, champagne)
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Lichens - a fungus and an organism with chlorophyll that live together
Picture of lichen taken through an electron microscope.Lichens on ground
Algal cells Fungal cells
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Lichens• Part Fungus and part Algae • Have a mutualistic relationship (they help each
other).• Fungus provides protection and a place for the
algae to live.• Algae makes food for both to live on.• Pioneers – ultimately leading to a forest community –
SUCCESSION
LICHENS!
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Symbiotic Relationships?• A close relationship between two organisms
where at least one benefits.– MUTUALISTIC (+ +), – COMMENSALISM (+ 0)– PARASITIC (+ -)
• Examples: – Nemo and the Sea Anemone– Fungi that help protect plant roots from drought– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XuKjBIBBAL8
ANT KILLER
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What type of relationship am I?Mutualism (++), Commensalism (+0),
Parasitism(-+)
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4 Types of Fungi
4) Imperfect – sporangium/mold, sac, and club fungi that can only reproduce asexually
• cause most fungal diseases in humans
EX: ringworm, athletes foot, thrush
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The Fungi KingdomFungi Reproduction of 4 types of
fungi:1) Mold – reproduce asexually & sexually
2) Sac fungi – reproduce asexually & sexually
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The Fungi KingdomFungi Reproduction of 4 types of fungi
cont’d:3) Club fungi – reproduce asexually & sexually
4) Imperfect – can only reproduce asexually
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How Do Fungi Get Around if they cannot move and are rarely very tall?
Fungi have a major problem:
Many fungi do not grow tall enough to clear the "boundary layer" of still air next to the ground so they…
1) Shoot their spores
2) Use animals, water or wind for dispersal
• Once spores are caught by something they can be carried long distances
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• Wind and water can carry pieces of hyphae to new places.
• If enough moisture and food is present, the spores/hyphae can grow into new fungi
• Fungi can also reproduce from pieces of hyphae.
Fungi Reproduction Cont’d:
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The Fungi Kingdom1. Define the term mycology.
2. List the 4 main types of fungi and give an example of each.
3. List the 4 main characteristics of fungi.
4. Explain 2 reasons why fungi are different from plants.
5. Define hyphae. Explain what it does and where it is located.
6. Define mycelium. Explain what it does and where it’s located.
7. Which of the 4 types of fungi is bread mold?
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8. Define lichen. List 2 places that you can find them.
9. Which part of the fungi carries out reproduction?
10. List the two ways fungi reproduction is classified?
11. Which type of fungi causes most fungal diseases in humans?
12. List 3 types of human diseases caused by fungus.
13. What is the number one problem fungi have when they are reproducing?
14. List two ways a fungi can release spores