The French Revolution and Napoleon Vocabulary 6-4 Section 4 6-4 powerpoint2.pdf · The French...
Transcript of The French Revolution and Napoleon Vocabulary 6-4 Section 4 6-4 powerpoint2.pdf · The French...
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The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 4Vocabulary 6-4
• Hundred Days: (1815) period that marks that time between
Napoleon’s return to Paris from Elba (March 20), his final defeat
at Waterloo (June 18) and the restoration of King Louis XVIII
(June 28)
• Prince Klemens von Metternich: Austrian statesmen and
diplomat; he was the Austrian representative a the Congress of
Vienna
• Indemnity: compensation that is paid to a nation for the damage
inflicted upon it.
• Reactionary: an extremist who not only opposes change but
also wants to undo certain changes.
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The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 4
Main Idea
After defeating Napoleon, the European allies sent him into exile and held a
meeting in Vienna to restore order and stability to Europe.
Content Statement/Learning Goal:
Explain how Enlightenment ideas influenced the American Revolution, French
Revolution and Lain American wars for Independence.
Napoleon’s Fall
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The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 4
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The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 4
Costly Mistake
• Napoleon turned east in 1812 for attacks on Russia
• Was not prepared for attack on Russia
Russia
• Czar Nicholas I didn’t like French troops on western border
• Sends troops to border
• Russia hurt by Continental System; country needed imports
• Napoleon did not like Russia troops movements
• wanted to teach Czar a lesson
1) Disaster and Defeat /The Russian Campaign
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The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 4
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The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 4
June 1812
• Napoleon w/ 600,000 troops
• Marched across Russian
border
French Move to Russia
• Russian troops/citizens pulled
east burned towns and fields
• French victory at Borodino, but
Russian army is larger
• Found Moscow in flames, where
they had hoped to stay winter.
Problems for French Army
• New recruits with no loyalty
• Supplies lost or spoiled
• Disease, desertion, and
hunger
Retreat from Moscow
• Lacked food/supplies for brutal
winter temp.
• Attacked by citizen on march
• Only 94,000 men survived
1)The Russian Campaign-Beginning of the End
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The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 4
• Russia, Prussia, Austria, and Great Britain allied
against France. French Army very weak.
• Napoleon raised another army, but troops
inexperienced
• In March 1814, victorious allies entered Paris.
• Terms of surrender
• Napoleon gave up throne
• Exiled on tiny island of Elba
• Given a small pension and guards
2)Defeat and Exile to Elba
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The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 4
• French monarchy restored with King Louis XVIII
• King was unpopular (brother of Louis XVI):feared return of Old
Order
3)The Last Campaigns
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The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 44)The Hundred Days
• Napoleon returns after year in exile: Louis
leaves in panic
• Napoleon declared outlaw by allies
• French citizens were split on Napoleon’s return
• Hundred Days- Brief period of renewed glory
• Hundred Days: (1815) period that marks that
time between Napoleon’s return to Paris from
Elba (March 20), his final defeat at Waterloo
(June 18) and the restoration of King Louis XVIII
(June 28)
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The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 4
• Duke of Wellington led
final confrontation
• British and Prussian
armies defeat weak
French troops
• Crushing defeat for
Napoleon
• End of Napoleons control
• End of the Napoleonic
Wars
5)Battle of Waterloo
• Tried to escape capture during
battle
• Exile to Saint Helena
• Volcanic island in South
Atlantic 1200 miles from land
• Remained imprisoned for six
years
• Died at 51; cause of death
never determined
6)Napoleon’s Final Days
The Last Campaigns
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The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 4
700 delegates attend the negotiators
• Lord Castlereagh of Great Britain
• Czar Alexander I of Russia
• Prince Klemens von Metternich of Austria
LeaderReactionary
• Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand of France
Goals for Other Decision Makers
• Make sure France could not rise again to power
• Remove traces of Napoleon and revolution; Restore Order to
Europe
• Put down revolution wherever it might appear
• Gave $$ to allies for war
• Redraw map of Europe
7) The Congress of Vienna/The Negotiators
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The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 4
National borders
• Congress changed many borders
• Wanted to strengthen nations
surrounding France
• Reduce chances of French
attacks
Process
• Countries that aided
France lost territory
• Countries that fought
France gained territory
New Countries
• Netherlands created
• Sweden and Norway combine
• Austria and 38 German states
in German Confederation
France’s loss
• All conquered territory
• Boundaries back to 1792
• Forced to pay indemnity,
or compensation for
damages
8)Redrawing the Map
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The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 49)Metternich’s Influence
• His reactionary attitudes influenced politics and
society.
• Wanted conditions to return to an earlier time
• He hated constitutions, voting rights, freedom of
religion and press.
• Liberal ideas were suppressed in Austria, the German
states, and northern Italy.
• Secret police spied on violators
• Opponents were jailed or fined
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The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 4
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The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 4The Revolution’s Legacy 10
Was the French Revolution a failure?
• After Congress of Vienna, monarchs ruled again
– Citizens’ rights restricted
– Nobles returned to their previous lifestyles
• French Revolution changed Europe
– Monarchies no longer secure
– Common people learned they could change the world
– Ideals of human dignity, personal liberty, and equality
– Enlightenment crossed the Atlantic to Latin America,
eventually inspired political movements in Asia and Africa