The Five-Phases of Economic Development and Institutional Evolution in China and Japan

8/3/2019 The Five-Phases of Economic Development and Institutional Evolution in China and Japan

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K@LD Wh|idng Rkrm| _m|dms

Pfm Edum!Rfksms he Mohnhado@mumchramnp kn` Dnspdp}pdhnkcMuhc}pdhn dn Ofdnk kn` Jkrkn

Akskfdih Khid

Nh. ?02@momalm|


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Pfm Wh|idng Rkrm| sm|dms ds k ohnpdn}kpdhn he pfm eh|am|ct nkam` @dso}ssdhn Rkrm| sm|dms9pfm n}alm|dng he pfm rkrm|s ohnpdn}m` wdpfh}p dnpm||}rpdhn h| ofkngm. K@LDs wh|idngrkrm|s |mecmop dndpdkc d`mks hn k phrdo kn` k|m rhspm` hncdnm eh| `dso}ssdhn. K@LD mnoh}|kgms|mk`m|s ph rhsp pfmd| ohaamnps hn pfm akdn rkgm eh| mkof wh|idng rkrm| &gdumn dn pfmodpkpdhn lmchw. _ham wh|idng rkrm|s akt `mumchr dnph hpfm| eh|as he r}lcdokpdhn.

_}ggmspm` odpkpdhn:

Khid# A.


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K@LD Wh|idng Rkrm| ?02 Khid

Klsp|kop

Lksm` hn pfm uk|dklcm |kpm he g|hss `hamspdo r|h`}op rm| okrdpk g|hwpf kn` dps sh}|oms# pfdsrkrm| ed|sp d`mnpdedms edum rfksms he mohnhado `mumchramnp pfkp k|m ohaahn ph Ofdnk# Jkrkn#kn` Ih|mk: A &Akcpf}sdkn# G &ghum|namnp!cm`# I & ck I}znmps# F &f}akn okrdpkc lksm`kn` R@ &rhsp `mahg|krfdo!p|knsdpdhn. L}p pfm|m k|m kcsh ak|im` `deem|mnoms dn pfm hnsmp#

`}|kpdhn# kn` dnspdp}pdhnkc eh|as he pfmsm rfksms ko|hss pfmsm mohnhadms. Dn h|`m| ph}n`m|spkn` pfmsm `deem|mnoms# pfds rkrm| mvrch|ms pfm kg|k|dkn h|dgdns he dnspdp}pdhns dn [dngOfdnk kn` Phi}gkwk Jkrkn &kn` l|dmect Ofhsn Ih|mk kn` pfmd| rkpf!`mrmn`mnpp|knseh|akpdhns hum| pfhsm rfksms. Dn `hdng sh# pfm rkrm| marchts gkam!pfmh|mpdo|mkshndng kn` dnpm|r|mpkpdhns he `dum|gmnp dnspdp}pdhnkc muhc}pdhn lmpwmmn Ofdnk kn` Jkrkn#wfdof kcsh ock|dedms pfm sdarcdodpt he r|mukdcdng k|g}amnps pfkp d`mnpdet Mksp Ksdkn`mumchramnpkc kn` dnspdp}pdhnkc emkp}|ms wdpf k}pfh|dpk|dkndsa# ohccmopdudsa# idnsfdr!`hadnknom# Ohne}odkndsa kn` pfm cdim. Ednkcct# pfm rkrm| mvkadnms pfm |mcmuknom he pfmeh|mghdng `mumchramnpkc `dso}ssdhns ph pfm dnspdp}pdhnkc kgmn`ks ekom` lt Ofdnk kn` Jkrkndn pfmd| |msrmopdum mam|gmnp rfksm!p|knsdpdhns. Dn wfkp wkt okn Ofdnk kuhd` pfm ad``cmdnoham p|kr8 Wfkp dnspdp}pdhnkc sfh|pohadngs lmoham mud`mnp e|ha pfm E}i}sfdakokpksp|hrfm kn` fhw okn pfmt lm hum|oham dn kn kgdng Jkrkn8

JMC Ockssdedokpdhn: J;;# N;=# N?=# N==# H;=# H0?# H=?# R=;


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Ohnpmnps

;. Dnp|h`}opdhn .................................................................................................................. ?


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;. DNP\H@]OPDHN

Dn


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0

pfmh|mpdokc dnnhukpdhn he pfm nmw krr|hkof ds kn }n`m|spkn`dng he `deem|mnp cmumcs he rm|okrdpk dnoham ks s}oomssdum spkgms dn pfm nh|akc r|homss he `mumchramnp |kpfm| pfknks `deem|mnp lkcknom` g|hwpf rkpfs ohn`dpdhnm` lt `deem|mnp rk|kampm|s &m.g.# Gkch| kn`Wmdc


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=

Ih|mkn Wk| dn ;4=?. Jkrkns G@R rm| okrdpk kcsh sfk|rct `mocdnm` kepm| ;40;# kn` `d`nhp |mohum| dps r|mudh}s rmki }npdc ;4=5.

Om|pkdnct pfm phccs he darm|dkcdsp kgg|mssdhn kn` ohchndkcdsa# pfm G|mkp @mr|mssdhn# Wh|c`Wk| DD# pfm Ih|mkn Wk|# kn` Ofdnks odudc wk| dn Ofdnk k|m ekoph|s eh| pfmsm rhh|rm|eh|aknoms he rm| okrdpk dnoham `tnkados dn pfds rm|dh`# ph wfdof k am|m amofkndspdo

krrcdokpdhn he pfm Akcpf}sdkn o|dpm|dhn akt nhp lm sh pmccdng. Lt cmkudng ksd`m eh| k wfdcmpfm ofk|kopm|dzkpdhn he pfm r|m!Wk| `mumchramnpkc rfksm he Ofdnk kn` Ih|mk# cmp }sahum hn ph smm de `kpk dn pfm smohn` fkce he pfm omnp}|t okn s}ggmsp k ocmk|m| rdop}|m hepfm `mumchramnpkc rkppm|n dn Mksp Ksdk.

Krrctdng ako|h kooh}npdng ph heedodkc `kpk hn pfm R\O# Jkrkn# kn` _h}pf Ih|mk# wm oknd`mnpdet s}oomssdum `mumchramnp rfksms lt `dspdnop rkppm|ns he sh}|oms he rm| okrdpkG@R g|hwpf. Pfm sh}|oms wm eho}s hn k|m: &; `mahg|krfdo!mohnhado ofkngm dn pfm|kpdh he phpkc marchtamnp ph phpkc rhr}ckpdhn# g&M(N9 &


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5

Pklcm: _h}|oms He Rm| Okrdpk \mkc Dnoham G|hwpf: Ofdnk# Jkrkn# kn` Ih|mk

_pk|pdng T(N&Ak``dshn

g&T(N$&Ak``dshn

g&T(N$&Heedodkc

G&M(N$ G&_$ G&TD(MD$ Rfksm

;672;4?6 =?2 2.24 A

;672;4=; =?2 !2.


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7

Dn pfm smohn` s}l!rfksm# `mahg|krfdo ekoph|s# d.m.# kn dno|mksm dn pfm cklh| eh|om sfk|mhe pfm phpkc rhr}ckpdhn kn` pfm sfdep he pfm marchtamnp sfk|m e|ha pfm K!smoph| ph pfm D!smoph| ohnp|dl}pm` ph lmpwmmn hnm!{}k|pm| ph hnm!fkce he pfm um|t fdgf rm| okrdpk dnohamg|hwpf.6 K ockssdokc rkrm| lt _dahn I}znmps &;4=7 ofk|kopm|dzms pfm |m`}opdhn dn pfmkg|do}cp}|kc marchtamnp!sfk|m ko|hss mohnhadms kn` hum| pdam ks {}knpdpkpdum ksrmopshe pfm mohnhado g|hwpf. Dn Mksp Ksdk# pfds sfdep wks ohar|mssm` dnph a}of sfh|pm|

rm|dh`s pfkn dn Wmspm|n M}|hrm#4 s}rrcmamnpm` lt pfm `mahg|krfdo gdep `}m ph |dsdngem|pdcdpt kn` `mocdndng dneknp ah|pkcdpt dn pfm r|mom`dng G!rfksm.;2 Pf}s# D |mem| ph pfdssmohn` s}l!rfksm he pfm rhsp!Akcpf}sdkn spkgm ks pfm I!rfksm# |madndsomnp he pfmI}znmps r|homss.

Pfm fdgf rm| okrdpk dnoham g|hwpf he Ih|mk e|ha ;472;464 ds ksshodkpm` wdpf k`mumchramnpkc!spkpm m{}dcdl|d}a &dn pfm smnsm `mednm` dn Khid


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6

l}p ekdcm` ph s}spkdn pfm ohnpdn}m` g|hwpf he rm| wh|im| h}pr}p dn pfm nmvp `mok`m# wdpf kah`do}a he p}|nk|h}n` dn pfm


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4

wh|im| dn pfm D!smoph| eh| nhw. Fhw a}of he pfds ds `}m ph PER(f}akn!okrdpkc dnumspamnpoknnhp lm inhwn eh| s}|m# fhwmum|# wdpfh}p |mcdklcm okrdpkc sphoi `kpk pfkp k|m spdcc}nkukdcklcm dn heedodkc spkpdspdos. Uk|dh}s sofhck|ct |msmk|ofms fkum sh}gfp ph mspdakpmPER# wfdof k|m nmkpct s}|umtm` lt Okh mp kc. &


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;2

?. DN_PDP]PDHN_ AKPPM\# L]P DN WFKP _MN_M8

D fkum pf}s ek| d`mnpdedm` edum s}oomssdum rfksms he pfm `mumchramnp r|homss# A# G# I# F#rc}s R@# wfdof s}ggmsp k ohaahn `mumchramnp rkppm|n ko|hss pfm Mksp Ksdknmohnhadms ks wmcc ks lmdng ck|gmct ohnsdspmnp wdpf pfm }ndedm` krr|hkof ph `mumchramnp.

Fhwmum|# dn srdpm he gmnm|kc ohaahnkcdpt ks |mgk|`s pfm {}knpdpkpdum nkp}|m he`mumchramnpkc rfksms# pfm|m k|m kcsh `deem|mnoms dn pdadng kn` `}|kpdhn he mkof rfksmko|hss pfm Mksp Ksdkn mohnhadms kn` lmthn`. Wft8 Kn` wfkp darcdokpdhns k|m pfm|m eh|e}p}|m `mumchramnp8 Pfmsm {}mspdhns mud`mnpct okcc eh| kn mvrcdodp ohnsd`m|kpdhn hednspdp}pdhns pfkp D fkum klsp|kopm` sh ek|. Tmp# pfm nhpdhn he dnspdp}pdhns fks nhp lmmnmksdct kg|mm` }rhn kahng mohnhadsps kn` hpfm|s. Hnm he pfm |momnp krr|hkofmsrhr}ck| kahng mohnhadsps ds ph amks}|m pfm {}kcdpt he dnspdp}pdhns he mkof mohnhat ltpfmd| `dspknom e|ha r|ms}aklct d`mkc dnspdp}pdhnkc k||kngmamnps oharhsm` he# skt# pfm|}cm he ckw# gmnm|kcdzm` p|}sp# r|hpmopdhn he adnh|dpt sfk|mfhc`m|s dn oh|rh|kpmghum|nknom# kn` pfm cdim# kn` |mg|mss mohnhado rm|eh|aknom hn pfmsm dn`doms. L}p wfkp`hms s}of k `dspknom darct8 Okn# kn` h}gfp# s}of `dspknoms lm nk||hwm` sdarct ltmncdgfpmnm` ghum|namnp rhcdot kn` dnnhukpdum mnp|mr|mnm}|dkc lmfkudh| sh pfkp kcc pfmmohnhadms ohnum|gm hn pfm ah`m|n g|hwpf |mgdam s}rrh|pm` lt pfhsm d`mkcdnspdp}pdhnkc k||kngmamnps8 Kcpfh}gf s}of `dkgnhsms kn` r|mso|drpdhns krrmk| ph lmocmk|# pfmt akt nhp lm um|t fmcre}c dn }n`m|spkn`dng pfm nkp}|m he pfm rkpfs pfkp pfm Mksp

Ksdkn mohnhadms fkum lmmn pkidng kn` dn akidng r|m`dopdhns eh| pfmd| e}p}|m p|kjmoph|dmskn` r|mso|dldng rhcdot eh| pfma.

Dnspmk` he kn mvhgmnh}s udmw he dnspdp}pdhns# D k`hrp pfm ehcchwdng ohnomrp}kc e|kamwh|ieh| }n`m|spkn`dng dnspdp}pdhns kn` pfmd| `tnkados# ks mcklh|kpm` hn dn at |momnp wh|i&Khid


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;;

nmw wkts he rckt dn |msrhnsm# wfdof knpdodrkpm kn` ohnsp|kdn p|knsdpdhns ph pfm nmvprfksm he pfm spkpm he rckt. Pfmn# skcdmnp rkppm|ns he pfm nmw spkpm he rckt wdcc lms}aak|dzm` kn` ak`m r}lcdo dn pfm nmw s}lspknpdum eh|a he dnspdp}pdhns. Pf}s#dnspdp}pdhns sfh}c` lm udmwm` ks oh!muhcudng wdpf mohnhado!`mahg|krfdo `tnkados|kpfm| pfkn `mpm|adndng mohnhado kn` `mahg|krfdo rm|eh|aknom dn k }nd!`d|mopdhnkc wkt.Pfm|meh|m# dn h|`m| ph `dsom|n pfm |hcm he dnspdp}pdhns ohn`dpdhndng rfksm!p|knsdpdhn he

mohnhado!`mahg|krfdo uk|dklcms# wm nmm` ph d`mnpdet fdsph|dokc sh}|oms he dnspdp}pdhnkc`tnkados h|dgdnkpdng dn pfm A!rfksm.;7

Pfm fdsph|dkn Ckn`ms &


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The Five-Phases of Economic Development and Institutional Evolution in China and Japan

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