The First Americans
description
Transcript of The First Americans
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The First Americans
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Introduction Origins Regional Diversity
Mesoamerica Western
Southwest Pacific Northwest
Mississippian Eastern Woodlands
Iroquois New England
Conclusion
Key Terms: Bering Land Bridge Teotihuacan Aztec Anasazi Cahokia Iroquois Hiawatha
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Themes Origins of Native
Americans in Western Hemisphere
Diversity of lifestyle Changing nature of
Indian societies before European contact
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Introduction Origins Regional Diversity
Mesoamerica Southwest Eastern Woodlands
Mississippian Iroquois New England
Conclusion
Key Terms: Bering Land Bridge Teotihuacan Aztec Anasazi Cahokia Iroquois Hiawatha
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Southwest Mesoamerica Pacific Northwest
Mississippian
Iroquois
Location
Food Source
Dwellings
Interesting Facts
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Native Americans and Origins Many
anthropologists and historians agree humans lived in North American about 35,000 BC
How did they arrive…? Bering Land Bridge
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Map of Bering Land Bridge
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Locations of Selected Native American Peoples, 1500 AD
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Farming Access to food = key Agricultural Origins
8000 B.C. Middle East 5000 B.C. Western Hemisphere
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Introduction Origins Regional Diversity
Mesoamerica Western
Southwest Pacific Northwest
Mississippian Eastern Woodlands
Iroquois New England
Conclusion
Key Terms: Bering Land Bridge Teotihuacan Aztec Anasazi Cahokia Iroquois Hiawatha
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Major Mesoamerican Cultures
AztecsMayansIncas
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Major Mesoamerican Cultures (Aztecs)
Became dominant power by 1400s
Capitals = Tenochtitlan Pop: 300,000
(bigger than a city in Europe)
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Religion Polytheistic (The
worship of many gods)
Aztec honored over 200 deities
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Aztecs Became dominant
power by 1400s Capitals =
Tenochtitlan Pop: 300,000
(bigger than an city in Europe)
Still expanding their empire in early 1500s
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Aztec Agriculture Farming -
Irrigation network created fertile cropland and access to fresh water
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Introduction Origins Regional Diversity
Mesoamerica Western
Southwest Pacific Northwest
Mississippian Eastern Woodlands
Iroquois New England
Conclusion
Key Terms: Bering Land Bridge Teotihuacan Aztec Anasazi Cahokia Iroquois Hiawatha
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Major SouthwestCulturesAnasazi
HohokamMogollon
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Southwest Civilization Know for its dry
climate but farming was important
Chaco Canyon was a center for trade
Constructed mud block structure and cities
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Southwest Cultures Anasazi culture
declined by 12th and 13th centuries as rain levels dropped. Large communities
most likely dissolved into smaller tribes and bands
Hohokam and Mogollon cultures persist to this day
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Introduction Origins Regional Diversity
Mesoamerica Western
Southwest Pacific Northwest
Mississippian Eastern Woodlands
Iroquois New England
Conclusion
Key Terms: Bering Land Bridge Teotihuacan Aztec Anasazi Cahokia Iroquois Hiawatha
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Pacific Northwest
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Pacific Northwest Bark: used for
clothing, baskets, etc. When softened it
could be fashioned into diapers for babies
Lumber: Canoes, homes (longhouses), etc. Longhouses were very
large: 100 x 40 ft
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Pacific Northwest - Seafood/Salmon Hunter/gatherers Seafood was the foundation of their diet Fish could be caught in many way Fish were preserved by drying and
smoking Key = Abundance
Clams, crabs, and other shellfish were eaten
Whales were hunted in some areas
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Introduction Origins Regional Diversity
Mesoamerica Western
Southwest Pacific Northwest
Mississippian Eastern Woodlands
Iroquois New England
Conclusion
Key Terms: Bering Land Bridge Teotihuacan Aztec Anasazi Cahokia Iroquois Hiawatha
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Mississippian
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Mississippian Mississippian
culture emerged about 700 AD
Cahokia was located near present-day St. Louis
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Cahokia Mounds Covered about
125 sq miles 20,000 residents Built platform
mounds Served as temples
and homes for chiefs
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Mississippian Mississippian
culture emerged about 700 AD
Cahokia was located near present-day St. Louis
After 1200 it entered a period of decline
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Introduction Origins Regional Diversity
Mesoamerica Western
Southwest Pacific Northwest
Mississippian Eastern Woodlands
Iroquois New England
Conclusion
Key Terms: Bering Land Bridge Teotihuacan Aztec Anasazi Cahokia Iroquois Hiawatha
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Iroquois: A Confederation of Five Separate Tribes Confederation of
tribes that number around 10,000 total Mohawks Oneidas Onondagas Cayugas Senecas
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Political Structure Council Government
Each tribe in confederacy sent delegates/representatives to council meetings
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Iroquois Society Homes = Longhouses
25 ft wide Up to 200 ft in length Several families would live in
each longhouse Property was owned
communally Division of labor between
men/women: Men: hunted/fished; warriors Women: farmed and gathered
A significant portion of their diet came from farmed products
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Iroquois Society Homes = Longhouses
25 ft wide Up to 200 ft in length Several families would live in
each longhouse Property was owned
communally Division of labor between
men/women: Men: hunted/fished; warriors Women: farmed and gathered
A significant portion of their diet came from farmed products
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Women in Iroquois Society Descent was matrilineal;
Husband moved into home of wife’s family
houses were headed by women
Women could divorce their husbands
Women selected all delegates to the Iroquois Council and influenced policy
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New England
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New England Northern New
England Hunter-gathers: Very
Mobile Spring and summer
lived near coasts; moved inland for fall and winter to hunt game animals
15,000-20,000 population in 1600
Southern New England Hunted and
Farmed (at times up to 2/3 of diet)
55,000-80,000 population in 1600
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Farming Methods Fields were cleared by
girdling and with fire “Three Sisters” of
agriculture Corn, beans, and
squash were planted together
Corn drew Nitrogen Beans added Nitrogen
Farming had a major impact on the environment
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Introduction Origins Regional Diversity
Mesoamerica Western
Southwest Pacific Northwest
Mississippian Eastern Woodlands
Iroquois New England
Conclusion
Key Terms: Bering Land Bridge Teotihuacan Aztec Anasazi Cahokia Iroquois Hiawatha
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Review Origins of Native
Americans Tremendous
differences among Indian Peoples
Compare and contrast life; what ere some important traits of people living in different regions?
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Source http://
college.cengage.com/history/lecturepoints/part01_lecture01/part01_lecture01.html
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• SouthwestPresent day
Mexico Longhouses Farmed
• Mesoamerica Longhouses
Confederacy of Five Tribes in
New York Farmed
• Pacific Northwest
Built Mound Platforms
Near present day St. Louis Farmed
• Mississippian
Matrilineal Society Tenochtitlan Farmed
• Iroquois Built Mud Brick Homes
Built mud block homes
Hunter/Gather - Seafood