The Fall of the Roman Empirehumanhistories.weebly.com/.../16181196/fall_of_rome... · The Decline...
Transcript of The Fall of the Roman Empirehumanhistories.weebly.com/.../16181196/fall_of_rome... · The Decline...
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The Fall of the Roman
Empire
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The Decline Begins
• 180 CE Marcus Aurelius (last good emperor) died
• His son, Commodus, took control of Rome
• Commodus was a poor leader, killed by his bodyguard
• Time of disarray follows
Commodus from the
movie Gladiator
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Political Problems
• Poor leaders weakened the government
• Frequent fights for power
• Many officials took bribes
• Talented people chose not to serve due to dangers of government life
Nero
Caligula
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Empire is expensive
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Economic Problems• Farmers losing land to
wealthy
• Famine: There was not enough food to feed people
• Inflation occurred: (Rapidly rising prices) Coins lost value: Less gold put in, people found out Bartering grew: sell goods without using money
• People bought fewer goods, shops closed
• No taxes, no money
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Military Problems• Plague (disease) spread
throughout Rome, killing
1 in 10
• Military only in it for
money (mercenaries)
• No money to pay military
= weak military
• Constant threat of
invaders on empire’s
borders
• Weak military, unable to
stop border invasions
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Social Problems• Apathy
– Elites stop participating in government and paying taxes
– Commoners grow used to “bread and games” from Emperors
• Labor shortage caused by over reliance on slavery
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Where Is Jesus From?
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Early Christianity • Arises in Roman
providence of Judea
• Judea allowed
religious tolerance but
still desired
independence
• Messianic traditions
emerge
• Jesus of Nazareth
preaches reform
Judaism
– Emphasis on
simplifying practices
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Christianity Spreads
10
He spread Christianity throughout the Mediterranean
-His letters became part of the New Testament in the Bible
-Followers called Christians-Disciples preach the messages of Christianity throughout the Roman world-Peter established Christianity in Rome itself-Paul played the most influential role in spreading Christianity-Leaders in the church begin to emerge – Clergy
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Christians Oppressed
• Romans were not tolerant towards Christians because:• they refused to honor the emperor with sacrifices• they refused to worship Roman gods to protect the
state • Also maybe because they were recruiting
• Christians were used as scapegoats, blamed for social and economic problems•Many Christians became martyrs- or people who suffer or die for their beliefs
•However, Christianity continued to spread due to the fact that all people were welcome
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Early Christian Church
-Emperor Constantine converted to Christianity and issued the Edict of Milan in A.D. 313.
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-The Edict granted freedom of worship to all citizens of the Roman empire-Constantine also regulates church teaching with the Nicene Creed- A statement of Christian beliefs
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Structure of the Church
“The Roman Catholic Clergy”
Bishop Bishop Bishop (regional leader)
Pope/Patriarch (only 1- oversees church doctrine )
DiocesePriest
+Community
DiocesePriest
+Community
DiocesePriest
+Community
DiocesePriest (local
leader) +
Community13
Rome incorporates its own love of Hierarchy, and organization into
the churches structure.
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F.A.Q’sHow is Catholicism different from
Christianity
• It’s not, Catholicism is
Christianity’s first organized church,
Catholic means universal
Why does my church look
different/teacher different things than
what you are talking about?
• Today many churches have broken
away from the Catholic Church and
it’s practices/teachings. But until the
16th Century there was only one
Christian Church in Europe- The
Roman Catholic one.
Does Roman Catholicism replace Jesus’s
teaching with Roman propaganda?
• Mostly no, none of Jesus’s original
messages would have changed, but unity
of belief and loyalty were emphasized
“The Roman Catholic
Clergy”
Bishop Bishop Bishop (regional
leader)
Pope/Patriarch (only 1- oversees church
doctrine )
DiocesePriest
+Community
DiocesePriest
+Community
DiocesePriest (local
leader) +
Community
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Nicene Creed• I believe in one God, the Father Almighty, Maker of heaven and earth,
and of all things visible and invisible.
• And in one Lord Jesus Christ, the only-begotten Son of God, begotten
of the Father before all worlds; God of God, Light of Light, very God
of very God; begotten, not made, being of one substance with the
Father, by whom all things were made.
• Who, for us men for our salvation, came down from heaven, and was
incarnate by the Holy Spirit of the virgin Mary, and was made man;
and was crucified also for us under Pontius Pilate; He suffered and was
buried; and the third day He rose again, according to the Scriptures;
and ascended into heaven, and sits on the right hand of the Father; and
He shall come again, with glory, to judge the quick and the dead;
whose kingdom shall have no end.
• And I believe in the Holy Ghost, the Lord and Giver of Life; who
proceeds from the Father [and the Son]; who with the Father and the
Son together is worshipped and glorified; who spoke by the prophets.
• And I believe one holy catholic and apostolic Church. I acknowledge
one baptism for the remission of sins; and I look for the resurrection of
the dead, and the life of the world to come. Amen.
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Dividing the Empire• Diocletian felt that the
only way to save the
empire was to divide it in
half
• Created two empires:
Western and Eastern
• Western Empire: Europe/
North Africa and city of
Rome
• Eastern Empire: Turkey/
Asia and city of
Byzantium
• Two emperors, emperor in
charge of Rome was senior
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Constantine• First Christian emperor
• Attempted reforms
• Main reform: sons had to follow fathers’ trade
• Rome continued to decline
• Constantine moved the
capital from Rome to city
of Byzantium
(Constantinople)
• City name changed to
Constantinople (today is
Istanbul)
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Current Day
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Rome invaded
• Western Empire unable to
hold off German tribes on
its borders
• Ostrogoths, Visigoths,
Franks, Vandals, Saxons
• German tribes wanted
warmer area, Roman
riches, and to flee the
Huns
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The Fall
• Augustulus was defeated
in 476 CE
• For this reason, this date is
given as the fall of the
Western Roman Empire
• Western Empire was
divided into many
kingdoms that adopted
many of the customs of
Rome
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Eastern Roman Empire
• Although the Western
Empire fell in 476 CE,
the Eastern Roman
Empire continued to
prosper for 1,000 more
years
• Became known as the
Byzantine Empire