The exchange of Genetic Material between bacteria or How bacteria acquire resistance to...
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![Page 1: The exchange of Genetic Material between bacteria or How bacteria acquire resistance to antimicrobial agents in nature.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649e5e5503460f94b56dda/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The exchange of Genetic Material between bacteria
or
How bacteria acquire resistance to antimicrobial agents in nature
![Page 2: The exchange of Genetic Material between bacteria or How bacteria acquire resistance to antimicrobial agents in nature.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649e5e5503460f94b56dda/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Modes of genetic exchange
transformation
phage mediated transduction
conjugation
transposition
![Page 3: The exchange of Genetic Material between bacteria or How bacteria acquire resistance to antimicrobial agents in nature.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649e5e5503460f94b56dda/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Transformation of bacteria with linear DNA—some cells are naturally
competent for the uptake of DNA
![Page 4: The exchange of Genetic Material between bacteria or How bacteria acquire resistance to antimicrobial agents in nature.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649e5e5503460f94b56dda/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Plasmids are autonomously
replicating circular DNA
molecules that can be used to artificially
transform bacteria—naturally competent cells can take up a
plasmid, such plasmid does not need to
integrate with the chromosome for maintenance!!
![Page 5: The exchange of Genetic Material between bacteria or How bacteria acquire resistance to antimicrobial agents in nature.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649e5e5503460f94b56dda/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Generalized transduction mediated by bacteriophages
![Page 6: The exchange of Genetic Material between bacteria or How bacteria acquire resistance to antimicrobial agents in nature.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649e5e5503460f94b56dda/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Conjugation—a
mechanism by which
mobilizable plasmids
can be transferred
from one bacterium to another
Note tra genes, oriT and antibiotic resisitance genes
![Page 7: The exchange of Genetic Material between bacteria or How bacteria acquire resistance to antimicrobial agents in nature.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649e5e5503460f94b56dda/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Note conjugation bridge formed between donor and recipient cells
Conjugation—a mechanism by which mobilizable plasmids can be transferred
from one bacterium to another
![Page 8: The exchange of Genetic Material between bacteria or How bacteria acquire resistance to antimicrobial agents in nature.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649e5e5503460f94b56dda/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Mobilizable plasmids can integrate into the bacterial chromosome—therefore
bacterial genes can be transferred.
![Page 9: The exchange of Genetic Material between bacteria or How bacteria acquire resistance to antimicrobial agents in nature.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649e5e5503460f94b56dda/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Transposons that carry antibiotic resistance genes can randomly “hop”
into a bacterial chromosome
![Page 10: The exchange of Genetic Material between bacteria or How bacteria acquire resistance to antimicrobial agents in nature.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649e5e5503460f94b56dda/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Mechanism for transposition
ABR
ABR