THE EUROPEAN EXPERIENCE OF E-BUS - asrtu.orgTHE EUROPEAN EXPERIENCE OF E-BUS ASRTU Electric Bus...
Transcript of THE EUROPEAN EXPERIENCE OF E-BUS - asrtu.orgTHE EUROPEAN EXPERIENCE OF E-BUS ASRTU Electric Bus...
Lancet Commission on Pollution and Health:http://www.thelancet.com/commissions/pollution-and-health
http://www.dw.com/en/pollution-killing-more-people-than-war-and-violence-says-report/a-41044277
Filter-equipped diesel
Gas Engine
Zero Emission Electric Drive
ANY Euro VI OR
WHAT TECHNOLOGIES DELIVER
CLEAN MOBILITY?
Source: Clean Urban Bus Fleets – Industry Partnership and City Action, ICCT USA
+
YEARLY OWNERSHIP COSTS FOR
A SINGLE BUS IN SAO PAULO
4Source: Clean Urban Bus Fleets – Industry Partnership and City Action, ICCT USA
TOTAL COST OF OWNERSHIP CHANGES
THE FINANCING PERSPECTIVE
Source: Clean Urban Bus Fleets – Industry Partnership and City Action, ICCT USA
THE MARKET
• 98% of the electric buses sold worldwide (2016)
was in China
• European cities decides
for electric buses:
- Eindhoven
- Amsterdam
- Paris
- Copenhagen
- London
- Oslo
- Gothenburg
- Hamburg
- … And many more
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12 21 3799 124
193
384
824
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017F
Europe: Year of delivery
China: Year of delivery
BYD DELIVERING THE LARGEST
ORDER OF ELECTRIC BUSES
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By the end of 2017, all of Shenzhen City’s 16,500 buses have been electrified
STRONG INTEREST IN EUROPE
FOR ELECTRIC BUSES
8
Bus fleet breakdown per fuel or energy used (2013)
+ 41,5%
Future fleet
Respondents distribution according to
future plans to change propulsion system ratio
European Current fleet composition
ELECTRIC BUS ORDERS IN EUROPE
ARE GROWING FAST!
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33 39
163 144178
277
544
859
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Jan-Sep
Number of eBuses Orders in Europe / year
Source: ADL - 2017
MARKET SHARE EVOLUTION
EU URBAN BUS
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52%
29%
9%
9%
11%
13%
18%
32%
50%
2%5% 9%
15% 16% 15%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
2020 2025 2030
EU Urban Bus Market Share Evolution
Clean Diesel Diesel-Hybrids Electric Electric (Fuel Cells) CNG/Bio-gas
In Europe today 45% of buses areEuro III or older!
5 MAIN CHALLENGES FOR E-BUS DEPLOYMENT IN EUROPE
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High upfront costMore challenging
operation
Standardisation & Interoperability
Reinforcing cooperationenergy/bus
New ways to procure- Vehicles & infrastructure
- Operation services
▪ General operation organization▪ Environmental factors (weather, traffic, power conditions)
▪ Constraints• Power Supply Capacity• State of Health of the batteries
▪ Service planning, working timetable, scheduling,
consolidation of the driving staff
▪ Writing safety regulations and operation documents
▪ Drivers training
▪ Participation in testing and commissioning phase
▪ Management of all the interventions over the running way
(protocol for the technical services of the city, the winter
maintenance…)
OPERATIONS
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PREPARE PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS
▪Operations Plans
▪Maintenance Plans
▪ Recruitment Plans
▪ Training Plans
▪ Safety Plans
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TRAINING OF DRIVERS
Specific driving training for Electric Buses
▪ Precision docking : rely on the driver
▪ e-bus driving : how to maximize the braking
energy recuperation (Similarities with Eco-Driving)
▪ Acceleration and torque specificities
▪ Safety
▪ Reliability
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Electric bus properties
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TRAINING OF DRIVERS
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Eco driving
Training
Recording
and
performance
analysis
Real time
Driver
information
Identifying
errors and
possible
improvements
Checking
ResultsDriving
Definition of
optimal
driving
strategies
▪ General maintenance organization▪ Resources coordination and around-the-clock staffing through
rotating on road-call duties
▪ Assure the availability of the fleet
▪ Specific safety measures regarding maintenance of electric
vehicles (manipulating high tension power)▪ Procedures for 24 V and 450 – 600 V power handling▪ Dealing with specific electrical subcomponents (manipulation)
▪ Implementation of a computer-aided maintenance
management tool, coordination with operations to following
system failures
MAINTENANCE
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TRAINING FOR MAINTENANCE
▪ Training in working on electric components
▪ Procedures for 24 V and 450 – 600 V power handling,
inclusive safety measures/driving off
▪ Responsibility for the installation, training
▪ Fire prevention and fire fighting instructions
▪ Dealing with specific electrical subcomponents
manipulation)
▪ Preparation for legal Technical control (demands on
electric components)
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AT THE DEPOT
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▪ (Re-)organizing workplaces for maintenance
expanding, enlarging (length, number)
▪ Platform for maintenance roof mounted equipment,
Safety Lines
▪ Preparation of vehicle inspections
AT THE DEPOT
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▪ Specific workplaces for working on batteries
Scaffolds to replace batteries
▪ Dedicated diagnostic and calibration equipment
and specific tooling for electric components
▪ Application of Failure Management Effects Analyses
▪ Specific safety measures regarding maintenance of
electric vehicles
high voltage
▪ Test different scenarios with the Fire
Department and the Police Department
▪ Analyze the results of the tests, measure the
reactivity of the participants
▪ Clarifying gaps with applicable codes
and standards, and related activities
▪ Improving dialogue among affected
professional constituent groups
PERFORM SECURITY AND SAFETY TESTS
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▪ Preparation of the communication
campaign and the Inaugural Day
▪ Emissions
▪ Noise
▪ Vibrations
▪ Branding of city
▪ TCO
▪ Urban development
▪ In Copenhagen, the E-buses has been
the most liked post on the city’s
Facebook profile
▪ Start of operation
MARKETING AND COMMUNICATION
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ZEEUS: TO SUPPORT ELECTRIC BUS DEPLOYMENT
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10 demo cities~70 electric buses90 observed cities
800 eBuses
40 Consortium Partners20 User Group Members50 Observatory Members
Coordinator: UITP
A set of tools and guidelines to accompany bus stakeholders in
ebus deployment
1 evaluation methodology
€22,5 millionEU funding:
€13,5 million
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Demo Cities
LONDON3 plug-in hybrid
(induction)Double deck
Alexander Dennis
STOCKHOLM8 plug-in hybrid
VOLVO 12m
PARIS10+ full electricBOLLORE 12m
BARCELONA2 full electricIRIZAR 12 m2 full electricSolaris 18m
CAGLIARI12 m Battery Trolleys
4 VOSSLOH /VAN HOOL
2 SOLARIS
EINDHOVEN43 full electric
VDL 18m
WARSAW10 full electricSOLARIS 12m
PLZEN2 full electricSKODA 12m
MÜNSTER5 full electric
VDL 12m
BONN6 full electric
BOZANKAYA 12m
2 full electricSolaris 18m
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•Procurement process principles
•Indicators for procurement evaluation
•Relationship with energy providers
WHAT – Select & Procure
•Standardised / interoperable solutions
•Funding & Financing
•Urban policies
WHEN – Plan & Regulate
•Develop clean-buses deployment strategy
•Exchange of experiences
•Market monitor & understanding
IF – Know & Decide
•Training (new competencies, new processes)
•Operations (including charging operations)
•Maintenance (new garage settings)
•Decommissioning (battery after-life)
HOW – Operate & Maintain
4 steps to get ready…
Example: Bonn visionall diesel buses replaced by e-buses by 2030
• Market exploration• Feasibility study• Fields tests • Technical specifications• Charging concept• Operational concept
Gradual conversion of all conventional diesel buses to full electric propulsion by 2030
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www.zeeus.eu
• Updated overview of electric buses in
Europe
• BEV, PHEV and battery trolleybuses
• 90 cities, over 800 vehicles and over 20
million km in pure electric mode
• 32 manufacturers
• 8 electric system suppliers
Available on:
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Chapter 1:
global perspective, eBus development
per region
Chapter 2: Cities Chapter 3: Manufacturers
Chapter 4: Electric System Suppliers
Electrification of public transport
Electric PT as a
Strategies and business models to boost the introduction
of electric public transport
Example: Opportunity (re)charging & overnight charging of e-buses based on metro infrastructure
Barcelona
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42 partners
6 Research topics
>30 TIs
11 PTO & PTA
7 BM ≈ 70% market
12 EU
networks
> 150 buses
Advanced solutions for improvedefficiency and attractiveness of bus systems
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• Development of next generation modular high-power charging solutions (up to 600kW)
• Interoperable and scalable high power charging solutions
• Innovative charging management strategies to improve TCO
• Development and demonstration of efficient wireless charging solutions up to 100kW
• Evaluation of the cost, energy efficiency, impact of grid
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Use cases (6 HD urban buses)
Jaworzno, PL
Helmond, NL
Castellón, ES
• High charging power ->
reduced charging time at
terminals, enhanced fleet
operation
• Interoperability between
vehicles and charging systems
of different brands ->
deployment of e-fleets in
different steps and through
regular tenders
• Smart charging at the depot ->
efficient charging of large (+100
vehicles) fleets
Turin/Lyon, IT/FR
Gothenborg, SE
Bayonne, FR
UITP E-SORT:
Standardised On Road Test Cycles for electric buses
measure the traction energy consumption to obtain information on the zero emissions range of a bus
cost effective
new addendum to the initial UITP SORT brochure
Contribution from ZeEUS with real electric bus tests
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