The Eurocodes: Building and Civil Engineering Codes for Europe

7/27/2019 The Eurocodes: Building and Civil Engineering Codes for Europe

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Professor Haig GulvanessianProfessor Haig Gulvanessian

The Eurocodes: Building andCivil Engineering Codes for

Europe

Professor Haig Gulvanessian CBECivil Engineering and Eurocode Consultant

Associate, BRE

Visiting Professor, Imperial College London


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SCOPE OF PRESENTATIONSCOPE OF PRESENTATION

Objectives of the Eurocodes The Construction Products Directive

Scope of the Eurocodes Eurocode system National Implementation, National Annexes

and National Determined Parameters Programme of release and withdrawal of

BSI codes

Actions for industry and the profession Industry initiatives

Conclusion


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OBJECTIVES OF EUROCODES

AND THEIR STATUS

The European Commissions objective isfor:

The Eurocodes to establish a set ofcommon technical rules for the design of

buildings and civil engineering works

which will ultimately replace the differing

rules in the various Member States


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The European Landscape


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THE OBJECTIVES OF THE EUROCODES

AND THEIR STATUSThe Eurocodes are intended to serve as reference documents to berecognised by authorities of the member states for the followingpurposes:

as a basis for specifying contracts for the execution ofconstruction works and related engineering services in the area ofpublic works (relates to Council Directives on Public Procurement)

as a means of compliance of building and civil engineering workswith the Essential Requirements as set out in Council Directive89/106/EEC, (The Construction Products Directive) particularly ER

No 1 - Mechanical resistance and stabil ity and part of ER2 Safetyin case of fire.

as a framework for drawing up harmonised technicalspecifications for construction products


6/47Professor Haig GulvanessianProfessor Haig Gulvanessian

What is CPD trying to achieve?

Internal market objectives: competitiveness

Better buildings and Construction Works:

More trade and competition Lower costslowerprices for building users

Better quality and range of productsbetter buildings

Innovationbenefits to building users

Stronger products industry income &

employment

Safety and Environmental objectives Protect health & safety of public (with the Eurocodes)

Protect environment (and heritage / architectural wealth)


7/47Professor Haig GulvanessianProfessor Haig Gulvanessian

THE SIX ESSENTIAL REQUIREMENTS (Basic Works

Requirements) RELATE TO THE PERFORMANCE OF THE

WORKS:

Mechanical resistance and stability Safety in case of a fire

Hygiene, health and environment

Safety in use Protection against noise

Energy economy and heat retention

Some, all, or none of these may be relevant in a

particular case


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ELEMENTS OF THE CPD

CE Marking of

ConstructionProducts

The CE

(Conformit

Europenne)

Mark


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THE OBJECTIVES OF THE EUROCODES

AND THEIR STATUSIn addition the Eurocodes are foreseen to:

improve the functioning of the single market for

products and engineering services, by removing

obstacles arising from different nationally codified

practices for the assessment of structural reliability

improve the competitiveness of the European

construction industry, and the professionals and

industries connected to it, in countries outside the

European Union


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The Eurocodes (CEN definition)

The Eurocodes are a set of standards that contain

common unified calculation methods to assess the

mechanical resistance of structures and parts thereof.

They will be used to

Design buildings and civil engineering works

Check their conformity with Essential Requirement 1

(Mechanical Resistance); 2 (Safety in Case of Fire): 4(Safety in Use)

Determine the performance of structural constructionproducts (CPD)


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SCOPE OF EUROCODES

The Eurocodes are intended to be used for

structural design of buildings and civil engineeringworks including :

Geotechnical aspects

Structural fire design

Situations including earthquakes, execution, and

temporary structures


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SCOPE OF EUROCODES

For the design of special construction works(e.g.nuclear installations, dams, etc) additional

provisions than those in the Eurocodes might

be necessary


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SCOPE OF EUROCODES

The Eurocodes are applicable for the

structural appraisal of existing construction,

in developing the design of repairs andalterations or in assessing changes of useN.B. Additional or amended provisions might be

necessary where appropriate (e.g. the IStructEdocument or HA Bridge Assessment Standards in

the UK).


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EUROCODE PROGRAMME

The following structural Eurocodes, each generally consisting ofThe following structural Eurocodes, each generally consisting of a numbera numberof parts, some of which relate to bridges, will be released in Eof parts, some of which relate to bridges, will be released in EN formN form

between 2002 and 2007between 2002 and 2007

All have been developed fromAll have been developed from ENVsENVs

EN 1990EN 1990 EurocodeEurocode: Basis of structural design: Basis of structural design

EN 1991EN 1991 EurocodeEurocode 1: Actions on structures1: Actions on structures

EN 1992EN 1992 EurocodeEurocode 2: Design of concrete structures2: Design of concrete structures

EN 1993EN 1993 EurocodeEurocode 3: Design of steel structures3: Design of steel structures EN 1994EN 1994 EurocodeEurocode 4: Design of composite steel and concrete4: Design of composite steel and concrete

structuresstructures

EN 1995EN 1995 EurocodeEurocode 5: Design of timber structures5: Design of timber structures

EN 1996EN 1996 EurocodeEurocode 6: Design of masonry structures6: Design of masonry structures

EN 1997EN 1997 EurocodeEurocode 7: Geotechnical design7: Geotechnical design

EN 1998EN 1998 EurocodeEurocode 8: Design structure for earthquake resistance8: Design structure for earthquake resistance

EN 1999EN 1999 EurocodeEurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures9: Design of aluminium structures


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THE EUROCODES :

10 sets of design codes 58 Parts

about 5000 pages


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LINKS BETWEEN THE EUROCODES

EN 1990

EN 1991

EN 1992 EN 1993 EN 1994

EN 1995 EN 1996 EN 1999

EN 1998EN 1997

Structural safety,

serviceability and

durability

Actions on

structures

Design and detailing

Geotechnical and

Seismic design


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EN 1990: BASIS OF STRUCTURAL DESIGN

For the design of buildings and civil engineering

works every Eurocode part from,

EN 1991:Eurocode 1: Actions on Structures,and

The design Eurocodes EN 1992 to EN 1999

has to be used together with EN 1990

EN 1990 provides the material independent

information required for the design of buildingsand

civil engineering works for the Eurocodes suite.


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The European Standardisation System

CEN Design standards : The Eurocodes

CEN Material and Product

Standards

(Steel, cement, concrete,

structural bearings, barriers

and parapets, etc.)

European Technical

Approvals

(Expansion joints,

prestressing tendons, etc.)

CEN Execution standards (for example, standards for the

execution of concrete and steel structures)

CEN Test Standards

E l f th E t d di ti


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Example of the European standardisation

system for the construction of bridges


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Part 2Part 2

BridgesBridges

Part 1Part 1--11

GeneralGeneral

rulesrules andand

rulesrules forforbuildingsbuildings

Part 1Part 1--22

StructuralStructuralfirefire designdesign

Organisation of material the

Eurocodes: EN 1992/3/4/5/6 & 9


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IMPLEMENTATION OF EUROCODES AND

OBJECTIVES OF THE NATIONAL ANNEX

Eurocodes recognise the responsibility ofRegulatory and other Relevant Authorities in each

Member State and have safeguarded their right to

determine values related to safety matters at

National level where these continue to vary fromState to State Foreword of EN 1990

This is through the National Annex


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a

b

cd

e

f

ElementsElementsofof thethenational publication of anational publication of a EuropeanEuropean

StandardStandard

aa NationalNational titletitle pagepage

bb NationalNational forewordforeword

cc ENEN titletitle pagepage

dd ENEN texttext

ee ENEN AnnexAnnex(es)(es)

ff NationalNational annexannex

ISO/CEI DirectivesISO/CEI Directives

Part 3 (Part 3 (supplementsupplement))


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IMPLEMENTATION OF EUROCODES

Eurocode EN 199nEurocode EN 199n--pp

Normative Part

(no choice)

Part open

to choices

Transformation

into National

standard

Choices made

in the National

Annex

(National) EN 199n(National) EN 199n--ppChoices for the

individual project,

national guidance,

etc.

EURO

PE

MEMBER

STATE


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NATIONAL ANNEX

A National Annex may contain directly or by

reference to specific provisions, informationon those parameters which are left open in

the Eurocodes for national choice, the

Nationally Determined Parameters (theNDPs), to be used for the design of building

and civil engineering works to be

constructed in the country concerned


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TYPES OF NATIONALLY DETERMINED

PARAMETER IN THE NATIONAL ANNEX

Values and/or classes where alternatives are

given in the EN Eurocode e.g. safety factors

Values to be used where a symbol only is

given in the EN Eurocode e.g. safety factors Country specific data (geographical, climatic etc)

e.g. a snow map

The procedure to be used where alternativeprocedures are given in the EN Eurocode


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Table A1.2(B)Table A1.2(B) -- EN 1990 (NA)EN 1990 (NA) STR/GEO (SetSTR/GEO (Set

B) for BuildingsB) for Buildings

Persistent

and transient

design

situations

Permanent actions Leading

variable

action

Accompanying

variable actions (*)

Persistent

and transient

design

situations

Permanent actions Leading

variable

action (*)

Accompanying

variable actions (*)

Unfavourable Favourable Main

(if any)

Others Unfavourable Favourable Action Main Others

(Eq. 6.10) Gj,supGkj,sup Gj,infGkj,inf Q,1Qk,1 Q,I0,iQk,i (Eq. 6.10a) Gj,supGkj,sup Gj,infGkj,inf Q,10,1Qk,1 Q,i0,iQk,i

(Eq. 6.10b) Gj,supGkj,sup Gj,infGkj,inf Q,1Qk,1 Q,i0,iQk,i

(*) Variable actions are those considered in Table A1.1

NOTE 1 The choice between 6.10, or 6.10a and 6.10b will be in the National annex. In case of 6.10a and 6.10b, the National annex may in addition modify 6.10a to include

permanent actions only.

NOTE 2 The and values may be set by the National annex. The following values for and are recommended when using expressions 6.10, or 6.10a and 6.10b.

Gj,sup= 1,35

Gj,inf= 1,00

Q,1= 1,50 where unfavourable (0 where favourable)

Q,i= 1,50 where unfavourable (0 where favourable)

= 0,85 (so that Gj,sup= 0,85 1,35 1,15).

See also EN 1991 to EN 1999 for values to be used for imposed deformations.

NOTE 3 The characteristic values of all permanent actions from one source are multiplied by G,supif the total resulting action effect is unfavourable and G,inf if the total resultingaction effect is favourable. For example, all actions originating from the self weight of the structure may be considered as coming from one source ; this also applies if differentmaterials are involved.

NOTE 4 For particular verifications, the values for Gand Qmay be subdivided into gand qand the model uncertainty factor Sd. A value of Sdin the range 1,05 to 1,15 can beused in most common cases and can be modified in the National annex.


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Values and/or classes where alternatives are given

in the EN Eurocode e.g. safety factors

Values to be used where a symbol only is given in

the EN Eurocode e.g. safety factors

Country specific data (geographical, climatic

etc) e.g. a snow map

The procedure to be used where alternativeprocedures are given in the EN Eurocode

UK d R bli f I l d


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UK and Republic of Ireland

Ground Snow Load MapDetermination of Sk

Sk = (0,15 + [0,1Z + 0,05]) + ((A

100)/525))

Sk = Characteristic ground

snow load (kN/m2)

Z = Zone number (obtainedfrom map)

A = Site altitude (m)


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Values and/or classes where alternatives are given

in the EN Eurocode e.g. safety factors

Values to be used where a symbol only is given in

the EN Eurocode e.g. safety factors

Country specific data (geographical, climatic etc)e.g. a snow map

The procedure to be used where alternative

procedures are given in the EN Eurocode

EN1990 BASIS OF STRUCTURAL


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1 1 ,,0,1,1,,, """"""j i ikiiQkQPjkjG QQPG Expression (6.10) in EN 1990

Expressions (6.10a) and (6.10b) in EN 1990

1

,,0,1,1,

1

,,

1

,,0,

1

,,

""""""

""""

i

ikiiQkQP

j

jkjGj

i

ikiiQP

j

jkjG

QQPG

QPG

Ultimate limit states of STR/GEO - Fundamental

combination for persistent and transient design situations

0,85 1,00

EN1990 : BASIS OF STRUCTURAL

DESIGN


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The Number of NDPs and their distribution in the

Eurocode Suite

EN Eurocodes NDPs (Expected 1334 clauses with NDPs)

EN 1990

4%

EN 1991

25%

EN 1992

17%

EN 1993

21%

EN 1994

4%

EN 1995

3%

EN 1996

4%

EN 1997

6%

EN 1998

10%

EN 19996%

EN 1990

EN 1991

EN 1992

EN 1993

EN 1994

EN 1995

EN 1996

EN 1997

EN 1998

EN 1999


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OTHER GUIDANCE ALLOWED IN THE

NATIONAL ANNEX Decisions on the application of informative

annexes

Reference to non-contradictory

complementary information (NCCI) to assistthe user to apply the Eurocodes


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OTHER GUIDANCE ALLOWED IN THE

NATIONAL ANNEX

The National Annex may have to refer to

National (complementary) standards.

These standards will specify essentialguidance not covered in the Eurocode,

which was covered in the corresponding

National Standard which has to bewithdrawn


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PROGRAMME OF RELEASE FOR

EUROCODES

It was the objective that the fifty-eight

Eurocode Parts would become available as

EN Eurocodes between 2002 and 2007. Thistarget has been met


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CO-EXISTENCE BETWEEN EN EUROCODES

AND NATIONAL STANDARDS

After a Eurocode becomes an EN, under CEN rules

there will be a period of co-existence with the

appropriate National Code (about 3 years), after

which the National Code will be withdrawn


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PACKAGES OF EN EUROCODE

PARTSPackage - a group of Eurocode Parts that are needed

for a particular design

e.g. for

Buildings Bridges Silos, tanks and pipelines

Etc.

E d P k


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Eurocode Packages 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58

Basis

Selfloa

d

Fire

Snowload

Windload

Thermalac

tions

Const.Lo

ad

Accidental

Bridges

Cranes

Silos/Tan

ks

GeneralRules

Fire

Bridges

LiquidRe

tain

GeneralRules

Fire

Thingauge

StainlessS

teel

PlatedStruct.

Shells

OutofPlane

Joints

Fatigue

Fractures

Cables

Bridges

GnlRules

(2)

Silos

Tanks

Pipeline

s

Piling

Crane

Towers

Chimneys

GeneralRules

Fire

Bridges

GeneralRules

Fire

Bridges

GeneralRules

Fire

LateralLo

ads

SpecialDe

sign

Simplified

GeneralRules

LabTes

ts

FieldTests

GeneralRules

Bridges

Strength

Silo/Pipe/T

ank

Foundations

Towers

GeneralRules

Fire

Fatigue

The Eurocodes: Building and Civil Engineering Codes for Europe

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