Research & Innovation

Euratom – Horizon 2020 Framework Programme Fission Safety Research

Bruno SCHMITZ

DG RTD – G.4/Fission Energy

NEA NI2050 Launching Workshop

7-8 July 2015

THE EU FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME FOR RESEARCH AND INNOVATION

Research & Innovation Research & Innovation

Research and Training Programme of Euratom (2014-2018) complementing the Horizon 2020 Framework Programme for

Research and Innovation

[Council Regulation on 16 December 2013 - O.J.EU L347 20 Dec.2013]

• General objective: To pursue nuclear research and training activities with an emphasis on continuous improvement of nuclear safety, security and radiation protection, notably to potentially contribute to the long-term decarbonisation of the energy system in a safe, efficient and secure way

• That general objective shall be implemented through:

• Activities in the form of indirect and direct actions

• Cross-cutting activities within the Euratom Programme (i.e. fusion)

• Cross-cutting activities & interfaces with H2020 Framework Programme

• International cooperation with third countries and international organisations

Euratom Programme

Note: Doc. not legally binding

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Budget

Euratom Programme (2014-18) complementing the 70 Billion Horizon-2020 Framework Programme (2014-20)

Indirect actions

DG-RTD

Fusion

€ 728 million (45 %)

Indirect actions

DG-RTD

Fission, Safety and

Radiation Protection

€ 315 million

(20 %)

Direct actions

JRC

Nuclear Safety

and Security

€ 560 million

(35 %)

Total budget: € 1603 million

European joint undertaking for ITER (called "Fusion for Energy") ITER (2014-2020): € 2915 million in current values (outside H2020)

Note: Doc. not legally binding

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Research & Innovation Research & Innovation

• Supporting safety of nuclear systems

• Contributing to the development of safe, longer term solutions for the management of ultimate nuclear waste, including final geological disposal as well as partitioning and transmutation

• Supporting the development and sustainability of nuclear expertise and excellence in the Union

• Supporting radiation protection and development of medical applications of radiation, including, inter alia, the secure and safe supply and use of radioisotopes

• Moving towards demonstration of feasibility of fusion as a power source by exploiting existing and future fusion facilities

• Laying the foundations for future fusion power plants by developing materials, technologies and conceptual design

• Promoting innovation and industry competitiveness

• Ensuring availability and use of research infrastructures of pan-European relevance

Specific Objectives Indirect actions

Note: Doc. not legally binding

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Research & Innovation Research & Innovation

• Improving nuclear safety including: nuclear reactor and fuel safety, waste management, including final geological disposal as well as partitioning and transmutation; decommissioning, and emergency preparedness

• Improving nuclear security including: nuclear safeguards, non-proliferation, combating illicit trafficking, and nuclear forensics

• Increasing excellence in the nuclear science base for standardisation

• Fostering knowledge management, education and training

• Supporting the policy of the Union on nuclear safety and security

Specific Objectives Direct actions

Note: Doc. not legally binding

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Research & Innovation Research & Innovation

• The indirect actions of the Euratom Programme should mutually reinforce research efforts of the Member States and the private sector

• Therefore, the priorities of the work programmes are to be established on the basis of appropriate inputs from national public authorities and nuclear research stakeholders grouped in bodies or frameworks such as technology platforms and technical forums for nuclear systems and safety, management of ultimate waste and radiation protection/low-dose risk, fusion research, or any relevant organisation or forum of nuclear stakeholders

• The priorities for direct actions are to be established through consultation of the policy DGs of the Commission and of the JRC GB

• The JRC must notably contribute to the nuclear safety research needed for safe, secure and peaceful use of nuclear energy and other non fission applications. The JRC will provide a scientific basis for the relevant Union policies and, where necessary, react within the limits of its mission and competence to nuclear events, incidents and accidents

Implementation

Note: Doc. not legally binding

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Indirect actions

Geological disposal

Reactor systems

• Safety & competitiveness of nuclear installation

• Advanced nuclear systems for increased sustainability

• Advanced systems for non-electrical uses

Research infrastructures

Training and mobility

Cross-cutting and INCO

Radiation protection

Note: Doc. not legally binding

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VHTR – Very-High-Temperature Reactor SA

GFR – Gas-Cooled Fast Reactor SA

SFR – Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor SA

LFR – Lead-Cooled Fast Reactor MoU

SCWR – Supercritical Water-Cooled Reactor SA

MSR – Molten Salt Reactor MoU

VHTR

GFR

SFR

LFR

SCWR

MSR

o

o

System Arrangement (SA)

JRC: Implementing Agent of Euratom

RTD: Indirect actions in support to GIF

ES

NII

Memorandum of Understanding (MoU)

o Observer

Website: www.gen-4.org

Generation IV International Forum (GIF)

Note: Doc. not legally binding

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Research & Innovation

Generation IV International Forum (GIF)

• Inter-governmental Agreement - 10 members incl. Euratom

• DG.JRC as Implementing Agent of Euratom

• Six systems: Very high-temperature gas reactors (VHTR), Sodium-cooled fast reactors (SFR), Gas-cooled fast reactors (GFR), Super-critical water-cooled reactors (SCWR), Lead-cooled fast reactors (LFR), and Molten Salt reactors (MSR)

• Technology goals: sustainable development (optimal utilization of natural resources also related to security of supply, waste minimisation and environmental protection), industrial competitiveness, safety and reliability, and proliferation resistance and physical protection

• Indirect actions related to GIF features

• 34 related projects from Calls 2007 to 2012 with EC contribution: € 122,5 m

Reactor systems 10 projects - € 30,2 million

Advanced fuel 8 projects - € 40,8 million

Advanced materials 8 projects - € 26,5 million

Codes and data 8 projects - € 25,0 million

Note: Doc. not legally binding

Generation IV International Forum (GIF)

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• GEN I are all closed (1950-2000)

• GEN II are all in operation (1980–2030) – 435 world fleet, incl. 130 in EU)

• GEN III (e.g. EPR) are about to start operating (~2018 until 2080)

Safer reactor concepts

GEN IV as key priority and main innovation challenge

Note: Doc. not legally binding

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Radiation protection

The EJP on Radiation Protection (~10-15 M€/year) Will promote a multidisciplinary approach as needed, and accelerate scientific understanding in the area This is indispensable for promoting • a well-informed debate on nuclear • scientifically–based safety regulations

Epidemiological data

(above background)

(excess

cancers)

Epidemiological data from Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Cells adapt and could even develop protection mechanisms

Contrary to exposure to high dose, cells survive and are potentially initiating cancer *As Low As

Reasonably Achievable (requirement of the Directive) in the absence of agreed threshold

Note: Doc. not legally binding

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Radioactive Waste Management

• EU citizens major concern and EU strategy is welcomed (Eurobarometer 2008)

• 73% LILW), 26% VLLW and only 1% HLW. The latter being essentially SF

• international consensus on GD as safest way for the disposal of HLW, SF and long-lived RW.

• EU is at the forefront in GD (Euratom priority since 1975). Finland, Sweden, France before 2030; others between 2040-2065

• Further promote cooperation and exchange of information through networking of Underground Research Laboratories (URLs)

• Continued support to GD (sharing knowledge and experience), whilst revisiting R&I on waste management in general, with particular attention to decommissioning (support implementation of the “Waste Directive” of 2011).

Note: Doc. not legally binding

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Research & Innovation Research & Innovation

Participation of Third States

Strategic approach: enhance excellence and competitiveness, tackle societal challenges, develop synergies with external policies

• General opening: also any legal entity from third Countries or international organization regardless of its place of establishment (with some exceptions: Community interest, security reasons)

• Funding for third countries’ entities: just if identified in the WP; or the participation is considered essential; or funding provided under bilateral agreements/arrangements

• Targeted actions with specific third countries • Common interest, mutual benefit and encouraged reciprocal

access to third countries programmes • Coordination and synergies with initiatives of MSs and associated

countries

Note: Doc. not legally binding

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Research & Innovation Research & Innovation

Participation in Fission Grant Agreements [in k€]

Fission 2007-2013

Third States Entities Participations

(in projects)

Co-financed

participations

EC

contribution

Participants'

total cost

Switzerland 15 58 (in 49) 57 13,269 25,559

Russian Fed. 7 14 (in 12) 10 3,024 6,187

Japan 9 12 (in 11) 4 550 7,857

U.S. 7 8 (in 8) 2 215 2,620

Norway 6 22 (in 14) 1 145 8,235

Australia 1 2 (in 2) 0 0 2,074

China 2 2 (in 2) 0 0 1,266

S. Korea 3 5 (in 4) 0 0 792

Canada 2 3 (in 3) 0 0 764

India 1 2 (in 2) 0 0 200

Non-EU participation

Note: Doc. not legally binding

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Thank you for your attention!

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