THE EQUIVALENCE AND THE STRATEGIES IN TRANSLATING ...

THE EQUIVALENCE AND THE STRATEGIES IN

TRANSLATING IDIOMATIC EXPRESSION APPLIED IN

SHERLOCK HOLMES NOVEL A STUDY IN SCARLET

AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS

Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

for the Degree Sarjana Sastra in the English Letters

By

Martinus Christian Adi Putranto

Student Number: 124214085

ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS

FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY

YOGYAKARTA 2018

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI



SHERLOCK HOLMES NOVEL A STUDY IN SCARLET

AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS

Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

for the Degree Sarjana Sastra in the English Letters

By


Student Number: 124214085

ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS

FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY

YOGYAKARTA 2018

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STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY

I certify that this undergraduate thesis contains no material which has been

previously submitted for the award of any other degree at any university, and that,

to the best of my knowledge, this undergraduate thesis contains no material

previously written by any other person except where due reference is made in the

text of the undergraduate thesis

Yogyakarta, February 13, 2018


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LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN

PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS

Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini, saya mahasiswa Universitan Sanata Dharma

Nama : Martinus Christian Adi Putranto Nomor Mahasiswa : 124214085

Demi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma karya ilmiah saya yang berjudul:



SHERLOCK HOLMES NOVEL A STUDY IN SCARLET beserta perangkat yang diperlukan (bila ada). Dengan demikian saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma hak untuk menyimpan, mengalihkan dalam bentuk media lain, mengelolanya dalam bentuk pangkalan data, mendistribusikan secara terbatas, dan mempublikasikannya di Internet atau media lain untuk kepentingan akademis tanpa perlu meminta ijin dari saya maupun memberikan royalti kepada saya selama tetap mencantumkan nama saya sebagai penulis. Demikian pernyataan ini yang saya buat dengan sebenarnya. Dibuat di Yogyakarta Pada tanggal 13 Februari 2018 Yang menyatakan


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I would rather die of passion than

of boredom.

Vincent van Gogh

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For My Beloved Parents

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First of all, I would like to thank Jesus Christ who has given His amazing

blessing for me. Because of His grace, I can finish my thesis well. Without Him, I

cannot do anything.

I dedicate my appreciation to my advisors J. Harris Hermansyah S.,

M.Hum. and Adventina Putranti M.Hum. who always give me support and advice.

I would also like to thank all lecturers and staff of English Letters.

My deepest gratitude goes to my parents Ibu Vincensia Retno and Bapak

Widijantoro, who always pray for me and also to my younger brother Yustinus

Widyo. I express my gratitude to my partner Gracia Vica for her love, motivation,

and encouragement. I would also like to thank Anes Baptista, Erick, Jonser, Aris,

Roswita Putri, Rian for sharing their friendship in my life, Sastra Documentary

Community, Mrs. Ni Luh Putu Rosiandini, M.Hum., Yuda, Tabita, Ivan, and Mas

Wira who support me to finish this thesis. Then I would also like to thank English

Mass Community for encouraging me to finish this thesis. Finally, I would like to

express my gratitude to everyone whose names cannot be mentioned one by one.


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE ....................................................................................... .......... ii APPROVAL PAGE ....................................................................................... iii ACCEPTANCE PAGE .................................................................................. iv LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH ........................................................................................................... v STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY ............................................................. vi MOTTO PAGE .............................................................................................. vii DEDICATION PAGE .................................................................................... viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................... ix TABLE OF CONTENTS........... .................................................................... x LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................... xi ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... xii ABSTRAK ...................................................................................................... xiii CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION ................................................................ 1

A. Background of the Study ...................................................................... 1 B. Problem Formulation ........................................................................... 4 C. Objectives of the Study ........................................................................ 4 D. Definition of Terms .............................................................................. 4

CHAPTER II : REVIEW OF LITERATURE ............................................ 6 A. Review of Related Studies ................................................................... 6 B. Review of Related Theories ................................................................. 7

1.Definition of Translation .............................................................. 7 2.Equivalence of Translation ........................................................... 8 3.Idiomatic Expression .................................................................... 10 4.Translation Strategies ................................................................... 11

C. Theoritical Framework ......................................................................... 12 CHAPTER III : METHODOLOGY ............................................................ 14

A. Areas of Research ................................................................................ 14 B. Object of the Study............................................................................... 14 C. Method of the Study ............................................................................. 15 D. Research Procedures ............................................................................ 15

1.Types of Data................................................................................ 15 2.Data Collection ............................................................................. 16

CHAPTER IV : ANALYSIS RESULT & DISCUSSIONS ........................ 19 A. The Equivalence of Idiomatic Expressions .......................................... 19

1. The Formal Equivalences of Idiomatic Expressions .................. 20 2. The Dynamic Equivalences of Idiomatic Expressions ............... 20

B. The Applied Strategies of Idiomatic Expression .................................. 30 1. Using an Idiom of Similar Meaning and Form ........................... 30 2. Translation by Paraphrase ........................................................... 31

CHAPTER V : CONCLUSION .................................................................... 40 BIBLIOGRAPHY .......................................................................................... 42 APPENDICES ................................................................................................ 44

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LIST OF TABLE

Table 1 The Example of Idiomatic Expression

Table 2 The Example of Data Coding

Table 3 The Example of Equivalence Type Analysis

Table 4 The Example of Applied Strategies Data Analysis

Chart 1 The Types of Equivalence

Chart 2 The Types of Translation Strategies

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ABSTRACT

Putranto, Martinus Christian Adi. The Equivalence and The Strategies in Translating Idiomatic Expression Applied in Sherlock Holmes Novel A Study in Scarlet. Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Sanata Dharma University, 2018

Language is a tool for communication. Language is used by many people around the world. Language is used to share ideas and opinions towards others. Language can be in the form of verbal or written. This study focuses on written text. The language in the written text is varied for example is English. Therefore, to make other people that did not use English as their native language, the text has to change into other languages and it is called the process of translation. This study focuses on analyzing translation equivalence and strategy in idiomatic expression found in A Study in Scarlet, a novel by Sherlock Holmes.

There are two research questions in this study. The first one is asking the types of equivalences in the translation of the idiomatic expression in novel A Study in Scarlet. The second one is to find out the translation strategies applied in translating idiomatic expression in novel A Study in Scarlet.

This study applied library research. The researcher used Nida’s and Taber’s theory to analyze translation equivalence and Bakers's theory to analyze the strategy in translation.

There were 20 idioms found in A Study in Scarlet. The findings showed that 1 data was translated using formal equivalence and 19 data were translated using dynamic equivalence. For the translation strategy, there was 1 idiom translated using similar meaning and form, 1 idiom using similar meaning but dissimilar form, and 18 data were translated using paraphrasing strategy. The findings indicated that the translation of idiomatic expressions in A Study in Scarlet mostly used dynamic equivalence and paraphrasing strategy.

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ABSTRAK

Putranto, Martinus Christian Adi. The Equivalence and The Strategies in Translating Idiomatic Expression Applied in Sherlock Holmes Novel A Study in Scarlet. Yogyakarta: Departemen Sastra Inggris, Fakultas Sastra, Universitas Sanata Dharma. 2018

Bahasa adalah alat untuk berkomunikasi. Bahasa digunakan oleh setiap orang di dunia. Bahasa digunakan untuk mengungkapkan gagasan atau opini terhadap orang lain. Bahasa dapat berupa verbal atau tertulis. Penelitian ini fokus terhadap teks tertulis. Bahasa yang digunakan dalam teks tertulis sangatlah beragam salah satunya adalah Bahasa Inggris. Oleh sebab itu, untuk membuat orang yang berbeda bahasa paham, bahasa dalam teks ini harus diubah dalam bahasa yang lain. Proses ini disebut penerjemahan. Penelitian ini fokus terhadap analisis ekuivalensi dan strategi penerjemahan dalam idiom di A Study in Scarlet, sebuah novel karya Sherlock Holmes.

Ada dua pertanyaan dalam penelitian ini. Pertanyaan pertama mengenai ekuivalensi penerjemahan dalam novel A Study in Scarlet. Pertanyaan kedua adalah mengetahui strategi penerjemahan dalam menerjemahkan idiom dalam novel A Study in Scarlet.

Penelitian ini menerapkan studi pustaka. Peneliti menggunakan teori menurut Nida dan Taber dalam menganalisis ekuivalensi dalam penerjemahan dan teori menurut Baker untuk menganalisis strategi dalam penerjemahan.

Ada 20 idiom dalam A Study in Scarlet. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 1 data yang diterjemahkan menggunakan ekuivalensi formal dan 19 data menggunakan ekuivalensi dinamik. Dalam hal strategi penerjemahan, terdapat 1 data yang diterjemahkan menggunakan arti dan bentuk yang sama, 1 data yang diterjemahkan menggunakan arti yang sama tetapi dengan bentuk yang berbeda, dan 18 data menggunakan strategi parafrase. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa terjemahan idiom dalam A Study in Scarlet banyak menggunakan ekuivalensi dinamik dan strategi parafrase.

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Study

Communication is a part of human being. There is a tool to communicate

with others called language. Language is really important because it can make a

differentiation between human beings and other creatures. People use language to

share their ideas and opinions towards others. Therefore, it is essential and

important for people to understand language.

Language is a system that contains of phonemes and grammar that is used

by people from many parts of the world. There are various things that create

different languages such as the culture and social group which characterize the

languages. Therefore, different culture has different languages.

Nowadays, many texts come from English language. However, not all of

the people around the world speak English as their native language. As a result,

the languages in a text have to be changed into other languages in order to be

understood by other people. Therefore, there is a process called translation.

Based on Newmark (1988: 5) “translation is rendering the meaning of a

text into another language in the way that the author intended the text”. From the

description above, it can be concluded that translation is the process of changing

texts from SL (Source Language) into TL (Target Language) but do not changes

the meaning. It is only transform the meaning with different words.

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In translating a text, translators use various translation strategies.

However, the strategies are not easy to be found. Some of the expressions are not

easy to be understood. Some translators may use words to words strategies. That

strategy will not guarantee that the meaning is the same like in SL text. For

example when the translation deals with idiomatic expression which has different

meaning. Idiomatic expression is a phrase that the words combined together and

have a meaning which are not in the literally words (Baker, 1992: 63). It can be

seen that idiom is a group of words that the meaning is not stated directly in the

words itself.

In order to translate the idioms correctly, the translators have to use the

strategies related with idiomatic expression. According to Baker (1992:72-77),

there are four strategies in translating idiom. First is using an idiom of similar

meaning and form. Second is using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar

form. Third is translation by paraphrasing. The last one is translation by omission.

In this research, the researcher chooses Sir Arthur Conan Doyle novel

entitled A Study in Scarlet. There are three considerations why the researcher

chooses this novel. First, it is the first novel of the famous fictional detective

called Sherlock Holmes. Nowadays, this novel has been translated into many

languages, including Indonesian. However, some of the idiomatic expressions

sometimes are not translated by using the appropriate strategies. Therefore, in this


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case the researcher tries to identify the strategies in translating the idiomatic

expression.

No. Data Soure Text No. Data Target Text

03/ST/C1/5 ...as thin as lath and.. 03/TT/B1/2 Kau tampak kurus dan....

Table 1 The Example of The Idiom in A Study in Scarlet

In the translation above the translators choose using a translation by

paraphrase. The word “thin” is translated into target language and become kurus.

The word “lath”, when it is translated literally will give a meaning “thin strip of

wood”. The words "thin" is paraphrased because it is represent the character of

"lath".

The second consideration is that because this novel has popularity since

this novel has been filmed. The content of this novel also gain readers’ curiosity,

so that this novel is very exciting. Therefore, this novel is very interesting to be

read for many people.

The third consideration is that idiomatic expression in literature can be

seen as they have the ability to convey the information in a concise and colorful

manner (Glucksberg, 2001: 76-77). However, in the research such function is not

elaborated. Since it is employing more on finding the types of equivalence as

proposed by Nida and Taber, and Mona's the strategy of translating idiomatic

expression.

The researcher conduct an analysis by analyzing this novel as the media

for learning about idiomatic expressions. There are some idiomatic expressions


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found in A Study in Scarlet, a novel by Sherlock Holmes. The researcher analyses

the equivalence and strategy in translation. This research focuses on linguistic

analysis, so that the intrinsic elements of the novel, such as characterization and

plot will not be discussed in this research.

B. Problem Formulation

Based on the explanation above, the researcher tries to find the answer of

the research below:

1. What types of equivalences are in the translation of the idiomatic

expression in novel A Study in Scarlet?

2. What strategies are applied in translating the idiomatic expression in

novel A Study in Scarlet?

C. Objectives of the Study

This research has two main objectives. The first one is to find out the types

of equivalences when dealing with translating idiomatic expression based on

Nida’s classifying. The second is to know the strategies applied based on Baker’s

strategy to reveal. The idiom in the text will be divided by using the four main

strategies of translation.

D. Definition of terms

Equivalence. Based on Baker (1992:6) "equivalence is always relative in

the sense that is effected by several linguistic and cultural issues". It is necessary

to consider the appropriateness between source language and target language to

achieve the equivalence (Septiani, 2013:17).


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Translation strategies. Zabalbeascoa (2000:120) states that a strategy is a

specific behavior model aimed at resolving a problem or achieving a specific

objective. Lörscher (1991:76) defines translation strategies as a potentially

conscious processes for the problem solution that person deals with when

translating a text from one language into another.

Idiomatic expression. According to Baker (1992:63), idioms are fixed

expression and it is signified the differentiation between the words and the

meaning. Idiom can be in the form of single words or multiword expressions

(Fernando, 1996:1).


CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

This chapter is divided into three parts. They are review of related studies, review

of related theories, and theoretical framework. The first part discusses previous

research of this study. The second part discusses some theories related to this study.

The third part presents several theories as the framework to answer the research

questions.

A. Review of Related Studies

1. Sabricha Utama Sari (2013) “Strategies in Translating Idiomatic

Expression of Phrasal Verbs Terence Blaker’s Bilingual Novel “Ms. Wiz Goes

Live” into “Ms. Wiz jadi Bintang Televisi” by Mala Suhendra”

The aim of this research is to identify the strategies of idiomatic expression in

phrasal verbs that is found in the novel. In her research, she focuses on analyzing the

translation of phrasal verbs idiom using strategies of similar meaning and form,

similar meaning but dissimilar form, translation by paraphrasing, and translation by

omission. Based on the result, she finds that most of the phrasal verbs idiom using the

strategies of similar meaning and form. Meanwhile, there is no translation that using

translation strategies of similar meaning but dissimilar form. The differences of this

research and Sabricha Utama Sari’s research are the focus and theory of the research.

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In this research, the researcher focuses on the idiomatic expression itself and also the

equivalence. This research also used the theory of equivalence.

2. Dhea Mealittza (2013) “An Analysis of Translating Phrasal Verbs from

“Fallen” by Lauren Kate into “Terkutuk” by Fanny Yuanita”

The purpose of this research is to analyze the translation procedures that are

used to translate phrasal verbs include calque, borrowing, transposition, literal

translation, modulation, equivalence, and adaptation. The result shows that the

equivalence procedures of the translation is dominant in translating phrasal verbs.

This present research is different from Dhea Mealittza’s. Her research focuses on the

translation procedures to translate phrasal verbs. However, this research focuses on

analyzing the strategies and meaning of equivalence in idiomatic expression.

B. Review of Related Theories

1. Definition of translation

Translation is the change of language from the Source Language (SL) into

Target Language (TL). Translation plays an important role in exchanging the

information. Translation consists of two structures which are semantic content and

also aesthetic features that bound up with the language (Bassnett, 1991: 12). It is the

process of transferring written text from one language to another. The written text can

be anything such as novel, journal, and articles.

Translation can be explained as the decision making process and problem

solving task. According to Larson, “translation consists of studying lexicon,


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grammatical structure, communication situation, and cultural context of the SL text”

(Larson, 1984: 3). Newmark also says that “translation is a skill in an attempt to take

place of a spoken or written message into another language or target language”

(Newmark, 1988: 7). Munday (2006:13) states that translation is “a process of

changing the original written and verbal forms from source language into the verbal

forms in the target language”.

From the statements above, it can be concluded that the message are the main

keys of the translation. Moreover, translation is not only just the process of

translating the language but also replacing the message from SL into TL. The

translators should be selective in using appropriate strategy in order to produce a

good translation.

2. Equivalence of Translation

In the translation, there is a theory that usually used. It is called theory of

equivalence. Based on Merriam Webster dictionary, equivalence is the relation

holding between two statements if they are either both true or both false so that to

affirm one and to deny the other would result in a contradiction. In the equivalence

theory, there are many theorist try to elaborate it. However, the writer chooses the

equivalence theory that has been elaborate by Nida and Taber. Both of the theorist

give the details about equivalence using the term dynamic equivalence and formal

correspondence.


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Dynamic equivalence like they explain in their book The Theory and Practice

of Translation (Nida and Taber, 1982: 24) is a translation principle when the

translator try to translate the meaning from the source language in order to make the

wording in the target language audience has the same effect similar with the source

language audience. It is acceptable if the translation follow the rule of back

transformation in the source language, of contextual consistency in the transfer, and

of transformation in the receptor language, the message is protected and the

translation is truthful (Nida and Taber, 1982: 200).

Another types of equivalence that they explain is formal correspondence

equivalence. It is quality of translation in which the element of the source language

text mechanically reproduced in the receptor language. Normally, in the receptor

language, the grammatical and stylistic patterns are twisted. The twist affect the

meaning as well. Furthermore, it causes the receptor to misunderstand (Nida and

Taber, 1982: 201).

(Septiani, 2013: 6) adds that, “the equivalence problems emerge due to

semantic, sociocultural, and grammatical differences between the source language

(SL) and the target language (TL)”. It can be seen that in translating a text, the

translator needs to consider the cultural side instead of semantic and grammatical

aspect because the similarity cannot exist between two versions of the same text.

Vinay and Darbelnet (1995: 32) argue that “equivalence is viewed as a

procedure in which the same situation is replicated as in the original but different


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wording is used”. The translators should to look at the situation first in order to come

up with a solution. Pym (2010: 37) adds that “there is no such thing as perfect

equivalence between languages and it is always assumed equivalence”. Every

translator has their own style in determining the meaning of the certain text.

Therefore, dynamic and formal equivalence are different. Dynamic usually easy

to followed by the TL readers because the translation still has the same meaning with

the source language. However, formal correspondence or formal equivalence provide

different understanding which affect the meaning as well.

3. Idiomatic Expression

Idiomatic expression is a phrase that the words combined together and have a

meaning which are not in the literally words (Baker, 1992:63). Each word is unique

and has fixed part of languages. Idiomatic expression is the essence in the daily

languages and it makes languages become colorful. It is a useful tool for

communicating a great deal of meaning in some few words. Cooper (1999:233) adds

that, “an idiom is an expression whose meaning cannot always be readily derived

from the usual meaning of its constituent elements”. Idiom can be in the form of

single words or multiword expressions (Fernando, 1996:1).

Beekman and Callow (1974: 41) define that the idiomatic expression is an

expression which consists two or more words that cannot be understood semantically

and literally. Nida and Taber (1974: 56) state that the meaning of idiomatic

expression must be based on the context, because it is for identifying further whether


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the phrase is idiomatic expression or not. The word’s positions in idiomatic can be

odd, illogical, and even grammatically incorrect (Seidl & McMourdie, 1978: 4).

It is difficult to find the natural meaning in the idiom, so that the translators

have to master the understanding about the idioms such as the mastery of

vocabularies and figurative expressions. In doing an effective translation, one must

discover the meaning of the source language forms and use the target language forms

which express the meaning in natural way (Larson, 1984: 6).

Moreover, based on the information above, the writer concludes that idiomatic

expression is the words that combined together and has the different meaning than the

individual words. Idiomatic expressions are unique expressions, mostly uses in a

special way when it is viewed from communicative and stylistic perspective

(Akanmu, 2016:11).

4. Translation Strategies

In order to translate a text to another language, the process of translation

requires the strategies. Jaaskelainen (1999:71) defines strategy as, “a series of

competencies, a set of steps or processes that favor the acquisition, storage or

utilization of information”. Translation strategies is a potentially conscious processes

for the problem solution that person deals with when translating a text from one

language into another (Lörscher, 1991:76). Baker (1992: 72-77) presents four main

strategies to translate idiomatic expression.


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a) Using an idiom of similar meaning and form

In this strategies, using idiom in the target language which give the same

meaning as the source language, in this context are idioms.

b) Using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form

The strategy is translating the similar meaning but with different lexical

items. The translator uses the idiom in target text which has similar

meaning as the source text although the form is not similar.

c) Translation by paraphrasing

These strategies are applied when there are no match that cannot be found

in the target language or when it is not appropriate using idiomatic

expression in the target language because of the differences of the source

and target language.

d) Translation by omission.

Omission strategies used to omit the idiom when it is not a match with the

target language and the meaning cannot be paraphrased.

C. Theoretical Framework

This part provides how the researcher answers those two problem

formulations which are the types of the equivalence of the idiomatic expression and

the translation strategies applied in translating idiomatic expression in novel “A study

in Scarlet”. The researcher conducts the research with the theory of translation,

translation equivalence, translation strategy, and idiomatic expressions. The theories

of translation are about the definition of translation and also the technique in


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translation. In short, translation is the process of transferring written text from one

language to another.

In order to answer the first questions, the researcher uses the theory of Nida

and Taber. The equivalence also included in order to analyze the problem of

equivalence that occurred in the text. This study is based on the strategies of Mona

Baker to translate idiomatic expression and the equivalence. There are some

idiomatic expressions that can be found and analyzed in Sherlock Holmes first novel.

The translation theory is needed in order to analyze the translation itself.

In answering the second questions, the researcher uses the theory of Mona

Baker. The translation strategy that is used in here is the strategies by Mona Baker

which is applied for idiomatic expression. The last but not least is the theory of the

idiomatic expression. In order to analyze it, the writer should understand all of the

theories. Although the idiomatic expression can be divided into several parts, the

writer chooses the general part of the idiom in order to get more examples of it in the

text.


CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter describes the methodology used in this study to answer the

research questions. This chapter outlines the method of the research and data

gathering techniques in analyzing the data. Therefore, this chapter is divided into

five parts. They are areas of research, object of the study, method of the study,

research procedure and data analysis.

A. Areas of Research

This research was about the translation types and strategies of idiomatic

expressions found in Sherlock Holmes’s first novel entitled A Study in Scarlet.

The writer found out the idiomatic expressions in the English version of the novel.

Afterwards, the writer analyzed the meanings of equivalence and also the

strategies when they are translated into Indonesian. According to Williams and

Chesterman (2002: 6), the analysis of the translated text contains textual

comparison of a translation with the genuine one.

B. Object of the study

The object of the study was the English and Indonesian idiomatic

expressions that were taken from the first Sherlock Holmes’s novel entitled A

Study in Scarlet. Idiom is a language in the formation of the unique and fixed

expressions in the using process.

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C. Method of the study

The method of this study was library research. Based on George (2008: 1),

library research is a form of structured inquiry with specific tools, rules, and

techniques. This data is collected from written materials such as dictionaries,

novels, and also books. Library research is applied since the objective of the

study discussed the idiomatic expressions found in A Study in Scarlet. The

idiomatic expressions were chosen because the researcher analyzed the

equivalence and strategy in translation.

Translation strategy was used to translate the idiomatic expressions from

the source text to the target text. The data were categorized and the compared

between the English and Indonesian idioms. After that, the writer analyzed the

types of the equivalences in the idiomatic expression and the strategies that

applied in each idiom.

D. Research Procedure

`1. Types of Data

There were twenty idioms that were found in SL. The SL text was entitled

A Study in Scarlet by British novelist Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. This novel was

written in 1886 and published in 1887 in United Kingdom with 120 pages. The

novel is about detective called Sherlock Holmes first appearance with Dr. Watson

who would become famous as a popular fiction character. This book has two parts

and each of the parts contain of seven sub parts, the second one was the TL text

which was the translated novel in Indonesia entitled Penelusuran Benang Merah


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translated by B. Sendra Tanuwidjaja. This translated version was published in

2001 with 216 pages by PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama.

2. Data Collection

In order to collect all of the data needed, the researcher had to understand

the definition of the idiom. After that, the writer is looking for idiomatic

expression in the ST. When all of the data were found, the writer also looked at

the TT written in Indonesia. Later, the writer classified the meanings of the

equivalence. When the types of equivalence were found, the writer tried to

classify the idiom based on the strategies by Mona Baker to translate the idioms.

The data were then categorized and codified as follows:

Table 2 Example of Data Coding



The codes on the No. Data columns can be read as follows:

ST : Source Text (English) 03 : Number of data C1 : Number of chapter (the chapter location on which the datum was

found in the ST) 5 : Pages (the page location on which the datum was found in the ST) TT : Target Text (Indonesian) 03 : Number of data B1 : Bab (the chapter location on which the datum was found in the TT) 2 : Pages (the page location on which the datum was found in the TT)


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1. Population

The populations of the data were phrases that contain idiomatic

expressions. There were twenty idiomatic expressions found in A Study in Scarlet.

All of data were analyzed, therefore no sample was taken.

2. Data Analysis

There were several steps for doing the analysis of this study. First, the

writer analyzed the type of equivalence based on Nida’s and Taber’s theory. The

idiom can be used formal or dynamic equivalences. After that, the writer analyzed

the strategy of translating idiomatic translation which is provided by Baker’s

theory, as seen in the following page:

Table 3 The Example of Equivalence Type Analysis



Type of equivalence Dynamic

The second steps were to reveal the strategies applied in the Indonesia

translation of English idioms in Study in Scarlet, as follows:

Table 4 The Example of Applied Strategies Data Analysis



Translation strategy Paraphrasing


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The types of translation strategy were based on Baker’s strategy in

translating idioms, which are, using similar meaning and form, using similar

meaning and dissimilar form, paraphrase, and omission.


CHAPTER IV

ANALYSIS RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

This chapter provides the analysis of translation equivalences and

strategies of the idioms. There are two types of translation equivalences and four

types of translation strategies. In this section, the researcher tries to analyze the

idioms from the theory of equivalence first, and then analyzing the strategies.

There are twenty idioms that will be analyzed. In order to classify the idioms, the

researcher uses Mona Baker's theory as mention in the chapter two.

A. The Types of Equivalence in the Indonesian Translation of Idiomatic

Expression

Chart 1 The Types of Equivalences

0 2 4 6 8

10 12 14 16 18 20

Formal Dynamic

Equivalence

Equivalence

19


20

The chart above shows that the idiomatic expression are translated by

using the dynamic equivalence rather than the formal equivalence.

1. Formal Equivalence


14/ST/C5/21 As broad as nature 14/TT/B5/28 ...haruslah sebesar alam

Type of equivalence Formal

From the Oxford Learner's Dictionary Online, the idiom above means

wide like nature which was a wide territory. Based on KBBI Daring, haruslah

means wajib (must) and word sebesar means luas dan tidak sempit (wide and not

narrow). Therefore, the phrase haruslah sebesar alam mean it has to be wide like

a nature.

2. Dynamic Equivalence

No. Data Source Text No. Data Target Text

01/ST/C1/5 I had neither kith nor kin

in England, and was therefore as free as air...

01/TT/B1/2

Aku tidak memiliki kerabat di Inggris, jadi hidupku sebebas udara...


According to Oxford Learner's Dictionary Online, the idiom above has a

meaning. It means completely free from anything. While in KBBI Daring, the

word bebas means lepas sama sekali (did not attach to anything). The translator

adds word hidupku in the TT to make the reader more understand about the idiom.


21


26/ST/C6/54 I would dog them and.. 26/TT/B6/77 Aku akan mengikuti mereka hingga...


According to English Idiom Dictionary Online, dog them means to follow

someone. Mengikuti in KBBI Daring means menurutkan or menyertai (to follow

or to accompany). They have the same meaning. The equivalence that is applied

in this translation is a dynamic equivalence. The translator seems to translate the

idiom by describing the metaphorical meaning.

No. Data Source Text No. Data Target Text 04/ST/C1/5 ...and as brown as nut... 04/TT/B1/3 ...dan coklat sekali.


According to Oxford Learner's Dictionary Online, the idiom above means

a brown color like a nut. In KBBI Daring, coklat means yang mengandung warna

coklat (containing brown color) while sekali means seluruhnya or amat sangat

(all of them or very). As a result, the phrase coklat sekali means very brown. The

idiom is translated by using dynamic equivalence because it is not translated

literally, since there is different sense of sekali which emphasizes the color of

brown.


22


05/ST/C1/6 ...He is not a man that it is easy to draw out... 05/TT/B1/3 ...sebab dia orang yang

agak tertutup... Type of equivalence Dynamic

The datum of the idiom above shows that in order to translate idiom, we

have to look at the context. Based on the Oxford Learner's Dictionary Online, the

phrase to draw out in this context means to encourage someone to talk freely.

Agak tertutup in KBBI Daring means tidak terlalu terbuka (not really open

minded). Based on the context, the phrase draw out and agak tertutup basically

has the similar meaning.


06/ST/C1/6 Don't be mealy-mouthed... 06/TT/B1/4 Ceritakan terus terang,

jangan berbelit-belit! Type of equivalence Dynamic

Based on the Oxford Learner's Dictionary Online, the words mealy-

mouthed means not willing to speak in a direct way. Meanwhile in KBBI Daring,

berbelit-belit means rumit (complicated). Therefore, ceritakan terus terang,

jangan berbelit-belit means to tell the stories directly and not to make it

complicated. This translation uses dynamic equivalence because the translation

from the TT does not use the literal meaning of the TT. The phrase ceritakan terus

terang, jangan berbelit-belit shows that the meaning of the ST is convincing.


23


08/ST/C3/13 ...They have their knives into one

another... 08/TT/B1/16 Mereka juga saling

membenci...


English Idiom Dictionary Online describes the idiom above with having

their knives into one another as cause problem to someone because they do not

like or hate each other. While in the translation, juga saling membenci in KBBI

Daring means tidak menyukai satu sama lain (do not like each other). This

translation uses dynamic equivalence because it cannot be translated with literal

meaning. If it is translated literally, the phrase will be be pisau mereka di antara

satu dengan yang lain.


10/ST/C3/13 I shall work it out on my own hook. 10/TT/B1/16

Aku akan menyelidikinya dengan caraku sendiri


According to English Idiom Dictionary Online, the translation above

means as all by him/herself. Dengan caraku in KBBI Daring means menggunakan

gayaku (using my own way). In this context, Gregson wanted Holmes to help him.

However, rather than following Gregson, he chose his own way and went to the

crime scene with Watson. This translation uses dynamic equivalence because the

translation explains the context of the story and it becomes understandable in the

TT.


24


13/ST/C4/18 Arm-in-arm 13/TT/B4/24 ...Mungkin malah bergandengan tangan...


Based on Oxford Learner's Dictionary Online, the idiom above means two

or more people with the arm link together. Then in the KBBI Daring,

bergandengan means berpengangan (holding). The TT translation shows that it

means holding hand to each other. The translator translates the idiom

metaphorically and the messages of the ST is conveyed to TT. Therefore, the TT

understood the similar meaning with ST.


16/ST/C6/24 They are as sharp as needles... 16/TT/B6/34 Mereka juga sangat

cerdas... Type of equivalence Dynamic

Based on the Oxford Learner's Dictionary Online, the idiom as sharp as

needles means it is very sharp. Based on the KBBI Daring, sangat means

sungguh-sungguh (truly) and cerdas means sempurna perkembangan otaknya

(perfect mind development). As a result, the phrase juga sangat cerdas mean truly

have perfect mind development. If it is translated literally, it will be jarum.

However, the translator uses the words based on the context and the words

needles and cerdas have the same character which is sharp.


25




According to Oxford Learner's Dictionary Online, the word lath means a

thin flat strip of wood. The idiom means thin like a lath. Based on the KBBI

Daring, tampak means kelihatannya (apparently) and kurus means tidak gemuk

(not fat). Therefore, the phrase tampak kurus means it seems thin. The datum

above is translated by using the dynamic equivalence because it is used literal

translation from the ST. The word kurus in the TT represents the characteristic of

the word lath in the ST.


17/ST/C6/24 I have made the whole things as clear as day 17/TT/B6/34

Aku sudah mengungkapkan semuanya hingga tuntas


Based on the Oxford Learner's Dictionary Online, as clear as day means

easily visible and understandable. In KBBI Daring, hingga tuntas means sampai

selesai secara menyeluruh (until it is done). The datum above is an idiom using

the dynamic equivalence.


26


19/ST/C6/25 I began to smell a rat 19/TT/B6/35 Aku mulai mencium sesuatu yang mencurigakan


The Oxford Learner's Dictionary Online shows that smell a rat means to

suspect something is wrong about the situation. Mencium sesuatu yang

mencurigakan also has the same meaning with the meaning of the idiom in ST.

Based on KBBI Daring, mencurigakan means menaruh rasa kurang percaya

terhadap sesuatu (do not believe in something). The dynamic translation requires

a context to explain the situation.


21/ST/C6/26 As bold as brass 21/TT/B6/38 Menjawab dengan berani..


As bold as brass in English Idiom Dictionary Online means with too much

confidence. Dengan berani in KBBI Daring means mempunyai hati yang mantap

dan rasa percaya diri yang besar dalam menghadapi bahaya (has a big heart and

confidence when facing danger). The meanings are similar because dengan berani

interprets the meaning of the ST which is too much confidence. The equivalence

that is used in this translation is dynamic equivalence. It is because the ST is an

idiom and the TT is not an idiom. Therefore, the translator chooses the word

dengan berani to achieve the meaning of the idiom.


27


11/ST/C3/15 I am no chicken 11/TT/B3/18 Padahal aku bukan penakut


Chicken here does not means it is an animal. Based on the English Idiom

Dictionary Online, it means coward. Penakut also has the similarity of meaning

with chicken. According to KBBI Daring, penakut means orang yang mudah takut

(coward). The translation here uses dynamic equivalence. It is because the idiom

chicken if translated literally it will cause something different from the context.

No. Data Source Text No. Data Target Text 12/ST/C4/17 It was a child's play. 12/TT/B4/23 Mudah, bukan?


The idiom child's play in English Idiom Dictionary Online means a very

easy task. According to KBBI Daring, mudah means tidak perlu memerlukan

banyak tenaga atau pikiran dalam mengerjakan. Therefore, mudah means very

easy things to do which has the same meaning with the child's play. The data

shows that dynamic equivalence is used in this translation. It cannot be translated

literally because in the context there is no child and the meaning is different. As a

result, the meaning from ST is also the same in the TT.

No. Data Sourcce Text No. Data Target Text 15/ST/C5/21 The plot thickens 15/TT/B5/29 Ceritanya semakin seru


Plot thickens is an idiom. English Idiom Dictionary Online describes it by

things that become more complicated or interesting. In KBBI Daring, semakin

means kian bertambah and seru means hebat or menarik. Therefore, semakin seru


28

means getting more interesting. In this context, the meaning of chickens is

interesting because the translator uses the same meaning in the TT.


18/ST/C6/24 ...We have the man under lock and key. 18/TT/B6/34 Ceritanya semakin seru


Based on the English Idiom Dictionary Online, under lock and key means

it is safe or protected place. The context of the idiom is about the suspect that

already caught and it safe. Menangkap in KBBI Daring means memegang and

menahan means menghentikan. As a result, menangkap dan menahan means

catching and stopping the suspect.


20/ST/C6/25 Your best way is to

make a clean breast of the facts

20/TT/B6/36 Sebaiknya anda berterus terang...


English Idiom Dictionary Online shows the words make a clean breast of

is an idiom. It means to tell the truth about something, especially something bad

or illegal that you have done. Berterus terang in KBBI Daring means mengatakan

apa adanya (tell the truth). The meaning of TT is similar to the ST. In this

context, Holmes expected Madame Charpentier to be honest about her son’s case.

Based on the context above, the translation of berterus terang is more natural. It

describes the situation. Therefore, this translation uses dynamic equivalence.


29


24/ST/C4/44 ...and returned home with a lighter heart. 24/TT/B4/63 ...dan ia pulang dengan

hati lebih gembira... Type of equivalence Dynamic

Based on English Idiom Dictionary Online, with a lighter heart means

with a carefree, in a happy or uplifted attitude. In KBBI Daring, hati means

perasaan, and gembira means bahagia or senang (happy). TT and ST has it

similarity. Based on the context, the translation hati lebih gembira is more natural

and suitable with the context of the ST. Therefore, this translation uses the

dynamic equivalence to achieve the same context with the ST.


28/ST/C6/54 ...Never saw the ghost of chance 28/TT/B6/77

Namun belum juga mendapat kesempatan.


Based on the English Idioms Dictionary Online, ghost of chance means if

someone does not have any chance to do something. In the target text, this idiom

is translated into belum juga mendapat kesempatan. In KBBI Daring, belum

means masih dalam keadaan tidak and kesempatan means peluang. Therefore,

belum juga mendapat kesempatan means never get any chance to do.


30

B. The Applied Strategies of Idiomatic Translation

Chart 2 The Translation Strategies

The chart above explains that from fourth of the strategies, the translator

mostly used the paraphrase strategies in order to translate to the target text. The

absent application of other strategies probably indicates that translating idioms

mostly requires paraphrasing due to some reasons which are discussed in the

following. The characteristics of paraphrase strategy which emphasize on the

importance of meaning rather than form fit the way how the idioms should be

translated.

1. Translation by using similar meaning and form

This type of strategies gives the same meaning in the target text although

the words have different from the source text.

0 2 4 6 8

10 12 14 16 18 20

Similar meaning and

form

Similar meaning but

dissimilar form

Paraphrase Omission

Strategies

Strategies


31


14/ST/C1/21 As broad as nature 14/TT/B1/28 ...haruslah sebesar alam..

Translation strategy Similar meaning and form

Based on Oxford Learner's Dictionary Online, the idiom above means

something that huge and wide like nature itself. The context of the idioms is the

idea of person that has to huge like nature. This idiom is the same as above that

contains the same form and meaning. The translator uses the literal meaning.

Therefore, it is translated into haruslah sebesar alam.

2. Translation by using similar meaning but dissimilar form

This type of strategies give the same meaning with the target text but with

different form of idiomatic expression.


01/ST/C1/5 . I had neither kith nor kin in England, and was therefore as free as air..

01/TT/B1/2

Aku tidak memiliki kerabat di Inggris, jadi hidupku sebebas udara..

Translation strategy Similar meaning but dissimilar form

According to Oxford Learner's Dictionary Online, the idiom above has a

meaning. It means completely free from anything. This idiom from the source text

and target text contain the same element. Therefore, the translator prefers to use

similar meaning but dissimilar form strategies by making another idiomatic

expression in TT. The word hidupku is added in the TT in order to simplify the

meaning from the source text.


32

3. Translation by paraphrasing

This strategy is applied when the target text does not have an appropriate

idiomatic expression. Therefore, the meaning will be paraphrased.


26/ST/C6/54 I would dog them and.. 26/TT/B6/77 Aku akan mengikuti mereka hingga..


According to English Idiom Dictionary Online, dog them means to follow

someone. This idiom is paraphrased because the word dog in target text means an

animal. The word dog is changed into mengikuti because the translator wants to

show the character of the dog in target text. Usually, the dogs follow their owner

everywhere, so that the translator used this meaning.


05/ST/C1/6 ...He is not a man that it is easy to draw out.. 05/TT/B1/3 ...sebab dia orang yang

agak tertutup.. Translation strategy Paraphrasing

The data of the idiom above shows that in order to translate idiom, we

have to look at the context. Based on the Oxford Learner's Dictionary Online, the

phrase to draw out in this context means to encourage someone to talk freely. This

idiom has no similar equivalence in the target text. Therefore, the translator

prefers to paraphrase the meaning of the idiom.


33


06/ST/C1/6 Don't be mealy-mouthed.. 06/TT/B1/4 Ceritakan terus terang,

jangan berbelit-belit! Translation strategy Paraphrasing

Based on the Oxford Learner's Dictionary Online, the words mealy-

mouthed means not willing to speak in a direct way. The word in the target is

paraphrased. In the source language, there are only two words, however, in the

target text it becomes more than two words. It happens because there is no

equivalence in the target text.


08/ST/C3/13 ...They have their knives into one another..

08/TT/B3/16 Mereka juga saling membenci....


English Idiom Dictionary Online describes the idiom having their knives

into one another causes problem to someone because they do not like or hate each

other. The word knives in this case is paraphrased in the target text. The translator

translates the word knives by describing a hatred to each other. In this context,

knives represent into something that contain negative things. Therefore, the

translator uses this context and translated into juga saling membenci.


13/ST/C4/18 Arm-in-arm 13/TT/B4/24 ...Mungkin malah bergandengan tangan....


Based on Oxford Learner's Dictionary Online, the idiom above means two

or more people with the arm link together. The translator prefers to use paraphrase


34

strategies because there are no equivalence and to achieve the context from ST to

TT. Arm in arm here has the context which is holding hand together. Therefore,

the translator uses bergandengan tangan to show the meaning of the source

language.


16/ST/C6/24 They are as sharp as needles.. 16/TT/B6/34 Mereka juga sangat

cerdas.... Translation strategy Paraphrasing

Based on the Oxford Learner's Dictionary Online, the idiom as sharp as

needles means it is very sharp. The translator paraphrases it and translated into

juga sangat cerdas. Cerdas in the TT represents the word as needles in the ST.

The meaning of the idiom in the source language is conveying. Therefore, the

translator preferred to use the phrase juga sangat cerdas.


17/ST/C6/24 I have made the whole things as clear as day 17/TT/B6/34

Aku sudah mengungkapkan semuanya hingga tuntas


Based on the Oxford Learner's Dictionary Online, as clear as day means

easily visible and understandable. Clear as day in the ST is paraphrased into

hingga tuntas in the TT. It has similar context, but with different words. The

translation of the source language has no equivalence in the target text. Therefore,

the translator uses the phrase hingga tuntas.


35


19/ST/C6/25 I began to smell a rat 19/TT/B6/35 Aku mulai mencium sesuatu yang mencurigakan


The Oxford Learner's Dictionary Online shows that smell a rat means to

suspect something wrong about the situation. Mencium sesuatu yang

mencurigakan also has the same meaning with the meaning of the idiom in ST.

The translator uses the characteristic of a rat in order to translate the idiom. In the

target text, rat is not only an animal but it represents something suspicious.

Therefore, the translator translates it into sesuatu yang mencurigakan.


21/ST/C6/26 As bold as brass 21/TT/B6/38 Menjawab dengan berani..

Translation strategy Paraphrasing As bold as brass in English Idiom Dictionary Online means too much

confidence. Dengan berani is the paraphrased form from the source language text

because the equivalence words cannot be found in the target text. However,

although the equivalence cannot be found, the message from ST is conveyed. The

translator uses the paraphrase strategies to convey the message based on the same

context with the ST. Therefore, it is translated to dengan berani.


11/ST/C3/15 I am no chicken 11/TT/B3/18 Padahal aku bukan penakut

Translation strategy Paraphrasing Chicken here does not means an animal. Based on the English Idiom

Dictionary Online, it means coward. Penakut also has the similarity of meaning


36

with chicken. The word chicken is paraphrased in the target text into penakut. The

translator uses that translation because chicken is easily afraid of something. This

translation relates the target text with the source text into the habit of chicken.

No. Data Source Text No. Data Target Text 12/ST/C4/17 It was a child's play. 12/TT/B4/23 Mudah, bukan?


The idiom child's play in English Idiom Dictionary Online means a very

easy task. The equivalence of the child's play cannot be found in the target text.

The translator uses paraphrase strategies and translated it into mudah. It is

translated into mudah because child's play is the representation of easy or simple

things when it is done by adults. Therefore, the translator translates it into mudah

in order to make the TT readers understand the context and meaning.


15/ST/C5/21 The plot thickens 15/TT/B5/29 Ceritanya semakin seru


Based on the English Idiom Dictionary Online, plot thickens is an idiom. It

is described as a thing that becomes more complicated or interesting. The context

shows that the word thickens is the way to explain something more interesting.

The translator translates it with paraphrase strategies in order to convey the

message from the ST. Therefore, the translator uses the phrase semakin seru.


37


18/ST/C6/24 ...We have the man under lock and key. 18/TT/B6/34

Kami sudah menangkap dan menahan pelakunya.


Under lock and key means safe or protected place. The context of the

idiom is about the suspect caught and it safe. The translator cannot find the

equivalence in this idiom. However, the context of the ST still the same with TT.

It because the translator uses the paraphrase strategies to translate the idiom. The

phrase lock and key in ST is translated into menangkap dan menahan. This

translation is the interpretation of the ST idiom. Therefore, it becomes menangkap

dan menahan.


20/ST/C6/25 Your best way is to

make a clean breast of the facts.

20/TT/B6/36 Sebaiknya anda berterus terang....


The phrase make a clean breast of is an idiom. It means to tell the truth

about something, especially something bad or illegal that you have done. This

idiom is usually expressed to make someone talk honestly about the truth. The

translator prefers to use paraphrase strategies because there is no equivalence for

the words clean breast in the target text. Therefore, it is translated into berterus

terang.


38

No. Data Sourcce Text No. Data Target Text

24/ST/C4/44 ...and returned home with a lighter heart. 24/TT/B4/63 ...dan ia pulang dengan

hati lebih gembira.... Translation strategy Paraphrasing

Based on English Idiom Dictionary Online, with a lighter heart means a

carefree, in a happy or uplifted attitude. The translator translates this idiom also by

using the characteristic. Lebih gembira is the paraphrased form of the lighter in

the source language. As a result, hati lebih gembira is the perfect phrase to make

the translation become suitable with the target text.


04/ST/C1/5 ...and as brown as nut... 03/TT/B1/3 ...dan coklat sekali.


According to Oxford Learner's Dictionary Online, the idiom above means

has a brown color like a nut. In this idiom, the translator paraphrases the idiom

and then become the phrase coklat sekali. This word is chosen by the translator

because it represents the idiom in the ST. In TT, the word nut contains the element

of the brown color. Therefore, the translator uses the phrase coklat sekali in order

to emphasize the color of the nut.



Translation strategy Paraphrasing According to Oxford Learner's Dictionary Online, the word lath means a

thin flat strip of wood. The translator chooses to paraphrase strategies in order to

achieve the same meaning as ST. Thin is a part of a lath, it is the character of lath.


39

The comparison of two similar things can be applied in the idiom. Therefore, the

translator only uses the phrase tampak kurus in the TT.


28/ST/C6/54 ...Never saw the ghost of chance 28/TT/B6/77

Namun belum juga mendapat kesempatan.


The English Idiom Dictionary Online states that this type of idiom is

aimed to show something that cannot be done. It is impossible to be done and

never finished. The translator paraphrases the word ghost into something that not

happened yet. In this context, the chance is not come up yet. This idiom has no

similar equivalent with the TT. Therefore, it is translated into belum juga

mendapat kesempatan.


CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION

The purpose of this research is to analyze the translation equivalence and

also the strategies applied in the idiomatic expression of A Study in Scarlet. The

researcher uses the purposive sampling method and then finds 20 data to be

analyzed. In order to categorize the type of equivalence of idiomatic expression,

the researcher uses Nida’s and Taber’s theories. They state that there are two

categorization of equivalence dealing with idiomatic expression, formal and

dynamic.

The result in Chapter IV shows that from 20 data that have been analyzed,

there is only 1 idiom categorized as formal equivalence. The rest of them, which

are 19 data, are dynamic equivalence. From the result of the analysis, dynamic

equivalence is mostly referred to when translating the idiomatic expression.

Dynamic equivalence seems fit to translate idiomatic expressions because it

delivers natural forms of the receptor language.

The strategies to translate idiomatic expression are using Baker's theory of

strategies. There are four types of strategies found and applied in the translation..

They are using similar meaning and form, similar meaning and dissimilar form,

paraphrasing, and omission. The result shows that there are 1 idiom use the

similar meaning and form, 1 idiom use similar meaning but dissimilar form, and

18 idioms using paraphrasing strategy. The result shows that the translator mostly

40


41

uses the paraphrasing strategies and rarely uses the similar meaning and form

strategies in translating the idiomatic expression.

The idiomatic expressions in A Study in Scarlet are mostly dynamic

equivalence in order to create the natural meaning of idiomatic expressions, a

translation should not sound like a translation. To achieve that, paraphrasing

strategies are mostly applied because it emphasizes on the importance of the

message rather than the form. For further research, it is suggested to examine the

function and style of idiomatic expression in literally text translation.


BIBLIOGRAPHY

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APPENDICES

Appendix 1 The Types of Equivalence in the Indonesian Translation of Idiomatic

Expression in Sherlock Holmes’s novel entitled A Study in Scarlet

No. Data Soure Text No. Data Target Text Type of Equivalence

14/ST/C5/21 As broad as nature 14/TT/B5/28 ...haruslah

sebesar alam Formal

01/ST/C1/5

I had neither kith nor kin in England, and was therefore

as free as air...

01/TT/B1/2

Aku tidak memiliki kerabat di

Inggris, jadi hidupku sebebas udara...

Dynamic

26/ST/C6/54 I would dog them and.. 26/TT/B6/77

Aku akan mengikuti

mereka hingga...

Dynamic

04/ST/C1/5 ...and as

brown as nut...

04/TT/B1/3 ...dan coklat sekali.

Dynamic

05/ST/C1/6

...He is not a man that it is easy to draw

out...

05/TT/B1/3 ...sebab dia orang yang

agak tertutup...

Dynamic

06/ST/C1/6 Don't be mealy-

mouthed... 06/TT/B1/4

Ceritakan terus terang,

jangan berbelit-belit!

Dynamic

08/ST/C3/13

...They have their knives

into one another...

08/TT/B1/16 Mereka juga

saling membenci...

Dynamic

10/ST/C3/13 I shall work it

out on my own hook.

10/TT/B1/16

Aku akan menyelidikinya dengan caraku

sendiri

Dynamic

13/ST/C4/18 Arm-in-arm 13/TT/B4/24 ...Mungkin

malah bergandengan

Dynamic

44


45

tangan...

16/ST/C6/24 They are as

sharp as needles...

16/TT/B6/34 Mereka juga sangat cerdas...

Dynamic

03/ST/C1/5 ...as thin as lath and.. 03/TT/B1/3 Kau tampak

kurus dan.... Dynamic

17/ST/C6/24

I have made the whole things as

clear as day

17/TT/B6/34

Aku sudah mengungkapkan

Dynamic semuanya

hingga tuntas

Dynamic

19/ST/C6/25 I began to smell a rat 19/TT/B6/35

Aku mulai mencium

sesuatu yang mencurigakan

Dynamic

21/ST/C6/26 As bold as brass 21/TT/B6/38 Menjawab

dengan berani.. Dynamic

11/ST/C3/15 I am no chicken 11/TT/B3/18 Padahal aku

bukan penakut Dynamic

12/ST/C4/17 It was a child's play. 12/TT/B4/23 Mudah, bukan? Dynamic

15/ST/C5/21 The plot thickens 15/TT/B5/29 Ceritanya

semakin seru Dynamic

18/ST/C6/24 ...We have the

man under lock and key.

18/TT/B6/34

Kami sudah menangkap

dan menahan pelakunya.

Dynamic

20/ST/C6/25

Your best way is to

make a clean breast of the

facts

20/TT/B6/36 Sebaiknya anda

berterus terang...

Dynamic

24/ST/C4/44 ...and returned home with a lighter heart.

24/TT/B4/63

...dan ia pulang dengan hati

lebih gembira...

Dynamic

28/ST/C6/54 ...Never saw the ghost of

chance 28/TT/B6/77

Namun belum juga mendapat

kesempatan.

Dynamic


46

Appendix 2

The Applied Strategies of Idiomatic Translation

No. Data Soure Text No. Data Target Text Translation Strategy

14/ST/C1/21 As broad as nature 14/TT/B1/28 ...haruslah

sebesar alam.. Similar meaning

and form

01/ST/C1/5 ...as free as air.. 01/TT/B1/2 Hidupku

sebebas udara.. Paraphrasing

26/ST/C6/54 I would dog them and.. 26/TT/B6/77

Aku akan mengikuti

mereka hingga..

Paraphrasing

05/ST/C1/6

...He is not a man that it is easy to draw

out..

05/TT/B1/3 ...sebab dia orang yang

agak tertutup..

Paraphrasing

06/ST/C1/6 Don't be mealy-

mouthed.. 06/TT/B1/4

Ceritakan terus terang,

jangan berbelit-belit!

Paraphrasing

08/ST/C3/13

...They have their knives

into one another..


saling membenci....

Paraphrasing

13/ST/C4/18 Arm-in-arm 13/TT/B4/24

...Mungkin malah

bergandengan tangan....

Paraphrasing

16/ST/C6/24 They are as

sharp as needles..


sangat cerdas....

Paraphrasing

17/ST/C6/24

I have made the whole things as

clear as day

17/TT/B6/34

Aku sudah mengungkapkan

semuanya hingga tuntas

Paraphrasing

19/ST/C6/25 I began to smell a rat 19/TT/B6/35

Aku mulai mencium

sesuatu yang mencurigakan

Paraphrasing

21/ST/C6/26 As bold as brass 21/TT/B6/38 Menjawab

dengan berani.. Paraphrasing

11/ST/C3/15 I am no chicken 11/TT/B3/18 Padahal aku

bukan penakut Paraphrasing


47

12/ST/C4/17 It was a child's play. 12/TT/B4/23 Mudah, bukan? Paraphrasing

15/ST/C5/21 The plot thickens 15/TT/B5/29 Ceritanya

semakin seru Paraphrasing

18/ST/C6/24 ...We have the

man under lock and key.

18/TT/B6/34

Kami sudah menangkap

dan menahan pelakunya.

Paraphrasing

20/ST/C6/25

Your best way is to

make a clean breast of the

facts.

20/TT/B6/36 Sebaiknya anda

berterus terang....

Paraphrasing

24/ST/C4/44 ...and returned home with a lighter heart.

24/TT/B4/63

...dan ia pulang dengan hati

lebih gembira....

Paraphrasing

04/ST/C1/5 ...and as

brown as nut...

03/TT/B1/3 ...dan coklat sekali.

Paraphrasing

03/ST/C1/5 ...as thin as lath and.. 03/TT/B1/2 Kau tampak

kurus dan.... Paraphrasing

28/ST/C6/54 ...Never saw the ghost of

chance 28/TT/B6/77

Namun belum juga mendapat

kesempatan.

Paraphrasing


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