The Enlightenment Spreads
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Transcript of The Enlightenment Spreads
THE ENLIGHTENMENT SPREADS
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The Enlightenment Spreads
Spread across Europe through books, magazines and word of mouth
Influenced everything from artistic world to royal courts across continent
1700’s Paris was cultural and intellectual capital of Europe, center of Enlightenment ideas
The Enlightenment Spreads
Diderot's EncyclopediaDiderot was a leading philosophe1751 he began to publish a set of
books that contained essays and articles by leading Enlightenment thinkers
Called it the EncyclopediaAngered the French government and
the Catholic Church, said it undermined authority and encouraged a spirit of revolt
Book helped spread the ideas of the Enlightenment to people all over Europe
The Enlightenment Spreads
European art in 1600’s and early 1700’s was dominated by a style known a baroque (had grand, ornate, design)
Enlightenment influenced changeSimple, elegant style influence by
classical Greece and Rome called neo-classical developed by late 1700’s
Simple structure and decoration reflected order and reason
Music styles changed lighter, elegant style of music developed known as classical music
Mozart, Haydn and Beethoven were classical composers
The Enlightenment SpreadsMany philosophes thought the best form of
government was a monarchyThey wanted rulers to respect individuals rights Some monarchs made reforms that reflected the
Enlightenment (known as enlightened despots)
They did not want to give up power, but made changes for two reasons:1. To make their country stronger2. An to make their own rule more effective
Best examples of enlightened despots were Fredrick the Great of Prussia, Joseph II of Austria and Catherine the Great of Russia
The Enlightenment Spreads
Fredrick the Great of Prussia◦ Invited intellectuals to Prussia◦ Allowed free press, relig. toleration,
reduced use of tortureJoseph II of Austria
◦ Most radical reformer◦ Traveled among peasants to learn
problems◦ Supported religious equality, freedom of
the press◦ Diminished power of Catholic Church◦ Promoted education◦ Abolished serfdom, ◦ Serfs had to be paid for labor◦ All reforms were cancelled after his death
The Enlightenment Spreads
Catherine the Great of Russia◦ Based her reforms on the ideas of
Montesquieu and Beccaria◦ Believed in enlightenment ideas of
equality, liberty (not for all, only middle and upper classes)
◦ Made limited reforms, but did little to improve lives of peasants
◦ Gave nobles absolute power over the serfs
◦ She did expand Russian power and size through wars with the Ottomans and Poles
◦ Helped make Russia an international power