The Disruptive Potential of GIS 2.0
-
Upload
joshua-campbell -
Category
Technology
-
view
792 -
download
2
description
Transcript of The Disruptive Potential of GIS 2.0
![Page 1: The Disruptive Potential of GIS 2.0](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052904/5582fddcd8b42a21168b52ab/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Disruptive Potential of GIS 2.0
Joshua S. Campbell
Association of American Geographers (AAG) Conference, Las Vegas
March 24, 2009
![Page 2: The Disruptive Potential of GIS 2.0](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052904/5582fddcd8b42a21168b52ab/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Outline Open Source Paradigm Shift
FOSS4G
Web 2.0
GIS 2.0
Disruptive Innovation theory
Humanitarian Information Management
![Page 3: The Disruptive Potential of GIS 2.0](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052904/5582fddcd8b42a21168b52ab/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Goals New Breed of GIS
Open Source is making GIS a commodity
Where does value migrate? / What is still ‘not-good-enough’?
Jobs-based approach to humanitarian information Value of GIS 2.0
Distributed data collection Data identification and dissemination
![Page 4: The Disruptive Potential of GIS 2.0](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052904/5582fddcd8b42a21168b52ab/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Open Source Paradigm Shift (O’Reilly 2005)
Open Source as field of scientific and economic inquiry
‘Paradigm shifts’ as revolutionary processes in science
The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (Kuhn 1962)
Understanding this paradigm shift, and its implications, requires Disruptive Innovation theory
![Page 5: The Disruptive Potential of GIS 2.0](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052904/5582fddcd8b42a21168b52ab/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Open Source Paradigm Shift
Impacts of FOSS have already happened…
Can be applied to open source GIS
![Page 6: The Disruptive Potential of GIS 2.0](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052904/5582fddcd8b42a21168b52ab/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
FOSS4G
Free and Open Source Software for Geospatial
FOSS4G = Open Source + GIS
Represents a philosophical approach to software freedom and a collaborative software development environment
![Page 7: The Disruptive Potential of GIS 2.0](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052904/5582fddcd8b42a21168b52ab/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: The Disruptive Potential of GIS 2.0](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052904/5582fddcd8b42a21168b52ab/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
What is Web 2.0?
“a transformative force that’s compelling companies across all industries towards a new way of doing business characterized by harnessing collective intelligence, openness, and network effects”
--Tim O’Reilly
![Page 9: The Disruptive Potential of GIS 2.0](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052904/5582fddcd8b42a21168b52ab/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
What is Web 2.0?
Developed in the last five years
Services enabled by FOSS
Who uses Linux? How about Google?
Again, an application of Disruptive Innovation theory Value migration
![Page 10: The Disruptive Potential of GIS 2.0](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052904/5582fddcd8b42a21168b52ab/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
What is a GIS?
A digital representation of the earth, structured to support analysis
(Dobson, 2007)
Automated systems for the collection, storage, retrieval, analysis, and display of spatial data
(Clarke, 1995)
Should also include dissemination
![Page 11: The Disruptive Potential of GIS 2.0](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052904/5582fddcd8b42a21168b52ab/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
GIS 2.0: A Reformulation
Free and Open Source Software
Web 2.0 philosophy collective intelligence, network effects, openness
Open Standards Interoperability
![Page 12: The Disruptive Potential of GIS 2.0](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052904/5582fddcd8b42a21168b52ab/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
GIS 2.0: A Reformulation
Ubiquitous communication
Device convergence
Cloud computing
![Page 13: The Disruptive Potential of GIS 2.0](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052904/5582fddcd8b42a21168b52ab/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Disruptive Innovation (DI)
‘Disruption is a theory: a conceptual model of cause and effect that makes it possible to better predict the outcomes of competitive battles in different circumstances’
-- The Innovators Solution
![Page 14: The Disruptive Potential of GIS 2.0](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052904/5582fddcd8b42a21168b52ab/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
User expectations increase over time
![Page 15: The Disruptive Potential of GIS 2.0](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052904/5582fddcd8b42a21168b52ab/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
A product at its introduction is below user expectations
![Page 16: The Disruptive Potential of GIS 2.0](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052904/5582fddcd8b42a21168b52ab/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
A product at its introduction is below user expectations
Over time, its features increase faster than expectations
![Page 17: The Disruptive Potential of GIS 2.0](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052904/5582fddcd8b42a21168b52ab/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
A product at its introduction is below user expectations
Over time, its features increase faster than expectations
At some point, a products featuresbecome more than the majority of users needs
![Page 18: The Disruptive Potential of GIS 2.0](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052904/5582fddcd8b42a21168b52ab/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
A product at its introduction is below user expectations
Over time, its features increase faster than expectations
At some point, a products featuresbecome more than the majority of users needs
This trend continuesinto the future
![Page 19: The Disruptive Potential of GIS 2.0](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052904/5582fddcd8b42a21168b52ab/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Underserved Market
Overserved Market
![Page 20: The Disruptive Potential of GIS 2.0](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052904/5582fddcd8b42a21168b52ab/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Underserved Market
Overserved Market
‘not good enough’
Competitive Advantage: -- Functionality -- Reliability
Driven by an integratedproduct architecture
‘good enough’
Competitive Advantage: -- Speed -- Convenience -- Responsiveness
Driven by a modularproduct architecture
![Page 21: The Disruptive Potential of GIS 2.0](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052904/5582fddcd8b42a21168b52ab/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
GIS Market
ESRI products have exceeded the tipping point
GIS 2.0 has less features than ArcGIS….
but that only matters to the highest tiers of the marketplace
GIS 2.0 is both a Low-End and New Market Disruption
![Page 22: The Disruptive Potential of GIS 2.0](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052904/5582fddcd8b42a21168b52ab/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
DI: Intrinsic to Open Source
Modular product architecture enables the group collaboration development environment
Modular product architecture begins a process of commoditization
Commoditization leads to a migration of value in the system
![Page 23: The Disruptive Potential of GIS 2.0](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052904/5582fddcd8b42a21168b52ab/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
DI: Commoditization
Value migrates to adjacent tiers of the product stack
To the tiers that are ‘not good enough’
Determining what is ‘not good enough’ is relative
What job is the product being hired for?
![Page 24: The Disruptive Potential of GIS 2.0](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052904/5582fddcd8b42a21168b52ab/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
GIS 2.0: Jobs-based approach Humanitarian Information Unit
Identifies key sources of geospatial and georeferenced data
Collects timely, verifiable, and relevant data
Analyzes data determine significant trends and relationships;
Disseminates information of value to all levels of consumers, from national-level policymakers to operational field managers
![Page 25: The Disruptive Potential of GIS 2.0](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052904/5582fddcd8b42a21168b52ab/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Humanitarian Information Marketplace = Overserved
![Page 26: The Disruptive Potential of GIS 2.0](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052904/5582fddcd8b42a21168b52ab/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
DI: ROI is measured in social good
How can DI be adapted for situations where the Return On Investment is measured in social good?
Answer: Catalytic Innovation They create systemic social change through scaling and
replication.
They meet a need that is either over served (because the existing solution is more complex than many people require) or not served at all.
They offer products and services that are simpler and less costly than existing alternatives and may be perceived as having a lower level of performance, but users consider them to be good enough.
![Page 27: The Disruptive Potential of GIS 2.0](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052904/5582fddcd8b42a21168b52ab/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
GIS 2.0: Collection
Widespread cellular networks: SMS
Ushahidi and InSTEDD
Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI)
Cloud storage and processing
![Page 28: The Disruptive Potential of GIS 2.0](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052904/5582fddcd8b42a21168b52ab/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: The Disruptive Potential of GIS 2.0](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052904/5582fddcd8b42a21168b52ab/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: The Disruptive Potential of GIS 2.0](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052904/5582fddcd8b42a21168b52ab/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: The Disruptive Potential of GIS 2.0](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052904/5582fddcd8b42a21168b52ab/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: The Disruptive Potential of GIS 2.0](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052904/5582fddcd8b42a21168b52ab/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
GIS 2.0: Dissemination
Multiple tiers of users
Web mapping applications
.
GeoCommons Finder!
![Page 33: The Disruptive Potential of GIS 2.0](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052904/5582fddcd8b42a21168b52ab/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
![Page 34: The Disruptive Potential of GIS 2.0](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052904/5582fddcd8b42a21168b52ab/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
GIS 2.0: Conclusion
The Open Source Paradigm Shift is just beginning in the GIS world…
The value of GIS 2.0 tools for humanitarian information management will continue to increase
Joshua S. Campbell [email protected]