The Critical Analysis on British Writers

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Critical Analysis of

British WritersPrepared by:

Munira Abd Rahman

Ros Shahira Rozman

Siti Hanisah Mohd Jelani


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INTRODUCTION

British literature is both a major heritage for

modern north America and, in many ways, a

very distinct culture; reading British literature

will regularly give an experience both of

connection and difference


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LITERATURE AND THE AGE

1. The old English

2. Middle English (1066-1500)

3. Renaissance (1500-1660)

1. The romantics (1660-1830)

2. The Victorian Period (1837-1901)

6. The contemporaries


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D.H. LAWRENCE


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D.H. LAWRENCE

English novelist, poet, playwright, essayist,literary critic and painter

Collected works promote an extended reflectionupon the dehumanising effects of modernity andindustrialisation

The sexual and economical frankness in hisworks was seen negatively from the society, andwere not much appreciated until his death


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At the time of his death, his public reputation was that of apornographer who had wasted his considerable talents

wikipedia

"The greatest imaginative novelist of our generation.

E.M. Foster

If Lawrence was something of a comet in British literature,arcing across its skies with vibrant energy and controversywhile he lived, he was equally visible after his death in theexcitement and danger that persisted like a halo around histexts

-The Longman Anthology: British Literature

Lawrence is now valued by many as a visionary thinker andsignificant representative of modernism in English literature

-wikipedia


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BIOGRAPHY

David Herbet Lawrence

Born on 11 September 1885 in Eastwood

Fourth of the five children of miner Arthur John Lawrence and

pupil teacher Lydia Lawrence

Family background: working-class, with always tensions between

his parents

Married to Frieda Weekley, a six-year-older French baroness who

had 3 children. Weekly was the wife of Lawrences teacher

After the first world war, Lawrence started his 'savage pilgrimage

until he died in Vence, France because of tuberculosis.


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BREAK THROUGH After moving to London to teach, Lawrence

began to read the modern authors and lost his

religious faith In the summer of 1909, Jessie Chambers sent

some of his poems to Ford Madox Hueffer, attheEnglish Review.

Hueffer wrote to the publisher WilliamHeinemann recommending it.

He also got Lawrence to write more about hismining background.


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EARLY LIFE Lawrence Became the first Eastwood boy to win the County

Council scholarship, and went to Nottingham High School

Lawrence left the school in 1901 and started to work as afactory clerk

After his brother died, Lawrence suffered pneumonia andafter he recovered, he started to serve as a pupil teacher

His friend, Jessie Chambers influenced him to start writingpoetry

In 1905 he drafted his first novel, eventually to become TheWhite Peacock.

Lawrence excelled his Kings scholarship examination andwent to study for his teachers certificate at the UniversityCollege of Nottingham


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A NEW LIFE After his mother died, Lawrence visit his Nottingham Professor Ernest Weekley

for advice about the future.

There, he met and fell in love with Weekley's wife Frieda von Richthofen, sixyears older than himself.

Lawrence set himself to earn a living as a profesional writer, and persuaded

Frieda to elope to German together

Back in England and living in London, he and Frieda got married on 13 July

1914.

While writing Women in Love in Cornwall during 191617, Lawrence developed

a strong and possibly romantic relationship with a Cornish farmer named

William Henry Hocking.


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CAREER DAMAGE

The Rainbowwas publishedin September 1915, butit got savage reviews and was banned (Lawrence

having no opportunity to defend it). After theRainbow disaster he left London to live in

Cornwall as a temporary refuge until they could getout of England altogether to New Mexico.

During the war, it was hard to earn enough to keephim and Frieda. However he remained resourceful.

In October they were expelled from Cornwall; themilitary authorities objected to a suspect writer


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Leaving England

When he fell ill in 1919, Lawrence was reducedto writing a schools' history book for money.

Only in the summer of 1919 did he start to regainwhat he felt was his freedom.

In 1919 Lawrence left England for Italy

Ever since, Lawrence and Frieda had constantlytravel and settled in countries i.e Ceylon,Australia, Mexico and the United States whileLawrence still keeping up his writing.


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DEATH Back in Mexico City a doctor diagnosed him as

suffering from tuberculosis.

In September 1925 he and Frieda travelled back toEurope, Lawrence always hoping he would be ableto return to the ranch in Oaxaca.

Lawrence continued to write despite his failinghealth. In his last months he wrote numerous

poems, reviews and essays, as well as a defence ofhis last novel against those who sought to suppressit.

He died at the Villa Robermond in Vence, Francefrom complication of tuberculosis.


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LITERATURE WORKSNovels The White Peacock (1911) The Trespasser (1912) Sons and Lovers (1913) The Rainbow (1915) Women in Love (1920) The Lost Girl(1920) Aaron's Rod(1922)

Kangaroo (1923) The Boy in the Bush (1924) The Plumed Serpent(1926) Lady Chatterley's Lover (1928) The Escaped Cock (1929), later re-published as The Man Who Died The Virgin and the Gypsy (1930)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_White_Peacockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Trespasser_(novel)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sons_and_Lovershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rainbowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_Lovehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lost_Girlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaron's_Rod_(novel)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangaroo_(novel)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Boy_in_the_Bushhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Plumed_Serpenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady_Chatterley's_Loverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Escaped_Cockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Virgin_and_the_Gypsyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Virgin_and_the_Gypsyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Escaped_Cockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady_Chatterley's_Loverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Plumed_Serpenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Boy_in_the_Bushhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangaroo_(novel)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaron's_Rod_(novel)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lost_Girlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_Lovehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rainbowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sons_and_Lovershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Trespasser_(novel)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_White_Peacock


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Short stories collections The Prussian Officer and Other Stories (1914)

England, My England and Other Stories (1922)

The Horse Dealer's Daughter (1922)

The Fox, The Captain's Doll, The Ladybird(1923)

St Mawr and other stories (1925)

The Woman who Rode Away and otherstories (1928)

The Rocking-Horse Winner (1926)

The Virgin and the Gipsy and Other Stories (1930) Love Among the Haystacks and other stories (1930)

Collected Stories (1994) Everyman's Library
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Prussian_Officer_and_Other_Storieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England,_My_England_and_Other_Storieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Fox_(novel)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Captain's_Dollhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rocking-Horse_Winnerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Virgin_and_the_Gypsyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Virgin_and_the_Gypsyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rocking-Horse_Winnerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rocking-Horse_Winnerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rocking-Horse_Winnerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Captain's_Dollhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Fox_(novel)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England,_My_England_and_Other_Storieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Prussian_Officer_and_Other_Stories


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Poetry collections Love Poems and others (1913) Amores (1916)

Look! We have come through! (1917) New Poems (1918) Bay: a book of poems (1919) Tortoises (1921) Birds, Beasts and Flowers (1923)

The Collected Poems of D H Lawrence (1928) Pansies (1929) Nettles (1930) Last Poems (1932) Fire and other poems (1940)

The Complete Poems of D H Lawrence (1964), ed.Vivian deSola Pinto and F. Warren Roberts The White Horse (1964) D. H. Lawrence: Selected Poems (1972), ed. Keith Sagar.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birds,_Beasts_and_Flowershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivian_de_Sola_Pintohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivian_de_Sola_Pintohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivian_de_Sola_Pintohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivian_de_Sola_Pintohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birds,_Beasts_and_Flowers


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Plays The Daughter-in-Law (1912)

The Widowing of Mrs Holroyd(1914) Touch and Go (1920) David(1926) The Fight for Barbara (1933)

A Collier's Friday Night(1934) The Married Man (1940) The Merry-Go-Round(1941) The Complete Plays of D H Lawrence (1965)

The Plays, edited by Hans-Wilhelm Schwarzeand John Worthen, Cambridge University Press,1999, ISBN 0-521-24277-0
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Widowing_of_Mrs_Holroydhttp://www.vqronline.org/articles/1940/autumn/lawrence-married-man/http://www.vqronline.org/articles/1941/winter/lawrence-merry-go-round/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Worthenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0521242770http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0521242770http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0521242770http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0521242770http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0521242770http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0521242770http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0521242770http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0521242770http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Worthenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Worthenhttp://www.vqronline.org/articles/1941/winter/lawrence-merry-go-round/http://www.vqronline.org/articles/1941/winter/lawrence-merry-go-round/http://www.vqronline.org/articles/1941/winter/lawrence-merry-go-round/http://www.vqronline.org/articles/1941/winter/lawrence-merry-go-round/http://www.vqronline.org/articles/1941/winter/lawrence-merry-go-round/http://www.vqronline.org/articles/1940/autumn/lawrence-married-man/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Widowing_of_Mrs_Holroyd


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VIEWS

Lawrence occupied a problematic position in the writing history of

the century: and he was unthinkingly branded both fascist and

sexist.

He never believed in right-wing governments and hated the fascism

he saw in Italy and Germany, though he always believed in human

beings' need for authority

Lawrence continued throughout his life to develop his highly

personal philosophy

As his philosophy develops, Lawrence moves away from more directChristian analogies and instead touches upon Mysticism, Buddhism,

and Pagan theologies.

In some respects, Lawrence was a forerunner of the growing interest

in the occult that occurred in the 20th century.


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Biography William Golding was born in Cornwall in 1911 and

was educated at Marlborough Grammar School and

at Brasenose College, Oxford. Apart from writing, his past and present occupations

include being a schoolmaster, a lecturer, an actor, asailor, and a musician.

His father was a schoolmaster and his mother was asuffragette. He was brought up to be a scientist, but revolted. After two years at Oxford he changed his major to

English literature instead.


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After graduating from Oxford, he published avolume of poems in 1935.

He also taught at Bishop Wordsworth's School,Salisbury. He joined the Royal Navy in 1940, a year after

England entered the World War II, where he

served in command of a rocket-launcher andparticipate in the invasion of Normandy. After the war he returned to teaching and began

to write again.

In 1980 he won the 'Booker Prize' for hisnovelRites of Passage. William Golding died in 1993.


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Authors WorkSome of his masterpieces are:

The Inheritors (novel) 1955

Pincher Martin (novel) 1956

The Brass Butterfly (play)1958

Free Fall(novel) 1959

The Spire (novel) 1964 The Hot Gates (essays) 1965

The Pyramid(novel) 1967

The Scorpion God(threeshort novels) 1971

Darkness Visible (novel)1979

Rites of Passage (novel) 1980

A Moving Target(essays andautobiographical pieces)

1982 The Paper Men (novel) 1984

An Egyptian Journal1985

Close Quarters (novel) 1987

Fire Down Below (novel)

1989


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Lord of the Flies (1954)

Lord of the Flies is his first and greatest successnovel, which ultimately a bestseller in Britain andUnited States. It was filmed by Peter Brook in

1963. The exploration of the idea of human evil in thestory is partly based on Goldings experienceduring World War II.

Goldings writing style was straightforward, as toavoid highly poetic language and lengthydescription.


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The novel is allegoricalsymbolising the

characters and objects in the movie to portraysthe main themes and ideas.

Some believe the story dramatises the history ofcivilisation while others interpret the story

through the theory of Sigmund Freud. Golding represents the conflict between

civilisation and savagery between the maincharacters, Ralph and Jack.

Golding implies that civilisation can mitigate butnever wipe out the innate evil that exists withinall human being.


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Symbolism

The conch shell

Symbol of civilisation

Whoever holds the shell holds the right to speak A symbol of political legitimacy and democratic power

Piggys glasses

Symbolise the power of science and intellectualendeavour in a society

But were stolen by Jacks hunters, leaving Ralphsgroup helpless.


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The signal fire

When the fire burns goes out, so does the boys

have lost their desire to be rescued and acceptedthe savage life on the island

Function as a kind of measurement of the strengthof the civilised instinct remaining on the island.

The beast Represent the savagery

The boys are afraid of the beast

As they grow more savage, the belief in the beastbecome stronger, treating it as God.


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Doris Lessing


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Biography

Was at born Doris May Tayler in Persia (nowIran) on October 22, 1919.

Both of her parents were British.

Father: Alfred Cook Taylor, farmer Mother: Meily Maude McVeagh

Her father, who had been crippled in World WarI, was a clerk in the Imperial Bank of Persia; her

mother had been a nurse. Sent to an all-girls high school in the capital of

Salisbury, from which she soon dropped out.


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Marriage, Children:

husbands: Frank Charles Wisdom (married 1939, dissolved

1943)

Gottfried Anton Nicholas Lessing (married 1945,

dissolved 1949) children:

first marriage: John, Jean

second marriage: Peter

adopted informally: Jenny Diski (novelist)


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The Compulsion to Write

Writing as a Balancing Act:As a story teller.

The Compulsion to Write: Shedeeply think

that it has to be something very neurotic.

The Pleasure of Ideas:A writer falls in lovewith an idea and gets carried away.


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Lessing's fiction

Deeply autobiographical. Much of it emerging out of her experiences in

Africa.

Drawing upon her childhood memories and herserious engagement with politics and socialconcerns.

Has written about the clash of cultures, the gross

injustices of racial inequality, the struggleamong opposing elements within an individualsown personality, and the conflict between theindividual conscience and the collective good.


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Doriss Writing Styles

In 1950, Lessing's first novel was published: TheGrass Is Singing. It dealt with issues of apartheid and interracial

relationships in a colonial society. She continued her semi-autobiographical writings in

three Children of Violence novels, with MarthaQuest as the main character, published in 1952-1958.

Having rejected communism in 1956, Lessing

became active in the Campaign for NuclearDisarmament.

In the 1960s, she became skeptical of progressivemovements and more interested in Sufism and"nonlinear thinking."


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In 1962, Doris Lessing's most widely-read novel,The Golden Notebook, was published.

This novel, in four sections, explored aspects ofthe relationship of an independent

woman to herself and to men and women,in a time of re-examining sexual andpolitical norms.

While the book inspired and fit in withincreasing interest in consciousness-raising,Lessing has been somewhat impatient with itsidentification with feminism.

She also became interested in issues ecologicalsurvival and returned to African themes.


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Her 1986 The Good Terroristis a comedic story

about a cadre of left-wing militants in London. Her 1988 The Fifth Childdeals with change and

family life in the 1960s through 1980s.

Lessing's later work continues to deal with

people's lives in ways that highlight challengingsocial issues, though she's denied that herwriting is political.

In 2007, Doris Lessing was awarded the NobelPrize for Literature.


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Novels/Books

Alfred and Emily Ben, in the World Briefing for a Descent into Hell Canopus in Argos: Archives (series) Children of Violence (series) The Cleft The Diaries of Jane Somers The Doris Lessing Reader The Fifth Child The Four-Gated City Children of Violence The Golden Notebook The Good Terrorist The Grass is Singing


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Bibliography http://grammar.about.com/od/writersonwriting

/a/lessingadvice07.htm

http://www.dorislessing.org/herbooksnovels.html

http://www.dorislessing.org/

http://www.dorislessing.org/biography.html http://womenshistory.about.com/od/writers20t

h/p/doris_lessing.htm
http://grammar.about.com/od/writersonwriting/a/lessingadvice07.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/writersonwriting/a/lessingadvice07.htmhttp://www.dorislessing.org/herbooksnovels.htmlhttp://www.dorislessing.org/herbooksnovels.htmlhttp://www.dorislessing.org/http://www.dorislessing.org/biography.htmlhttp://womenshistory.about.com/od/writers20th/p/doris_lessing.htmhttp://womenshistory.about.com/od/writers20th/p/doris_lessing.htmhttp://womenshistory.about.com/od/writers20th/p/doris_lessing.htmhttp://womenshistory.about.com/od/writers20th/p/doris_lessing.htmhttp://www.dorislessing.org/biography.htmlhttp://www.dorislessing.org/http://www.dorislessing.org/herbooksnovels.htmlhttp://www.dorislessing.org/herbooksnovels.htmlhttp://grammar.about.com/od/writersonwriting/a/lessingadvice07.htmhttp://grammar.about.com/od/writersonwriting/a/lessingadvice07.htm


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REFERENCE LINKS http://prezi.com/lizo-tloxj1u/british-literature-

timeline/

http://www.dh-lawrence.org/conclusion.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D._H._Lawrence

http://www.gavingillespie.co.uk/
http://prezi.com/lizo-tloxj1u/british-literature-timeline/http://prezi.com/lizo-tloxj1u/british-literature-timeline/http://www.dh-lawrence.org/conclusion.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D._H._Lawrencehttp://www.gavingillespie.co.uk/http://www.gavingillespie.co.uk/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D._H._Lawrencehttp://www.dh-lawrence.org/conclusion.htmlhttp://www.dh-lawrence.org/conclusion.htmlhttp://www.dh-lawrence.org/conclusion.htmlhttp://prezi.com/lizo-tloxj1u/british-literature-timeline/http://prezi.com/lizo-tloxj1u/british-literature-timeline/http://prezi.com/lizo-tloxj1u/british-literature-timeline/http://prezi.com/lizo-tloxj1u/british-literature-timeline/http://prezi.com/lizo-tloxj1u/british-literature-timeline/http://prezi.com/lizo-tloxj1u/british-literature-timeline/http://prezi.com/lizo-tloxj1u/british-literature-timeline/

The Critical Analysis on British Writers

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