The Craft of Filmmaking How to express story, themes, and emotions through film Presented by Shant...
-
Upload
jodie-preston -
Category
Documents
-
view
215 -
download
1
Transcript of The Craft of Filmmaking How to express story, themes, and emotions through film Presented by Shant...
The Craft of FilmmakingHow to express story, themes, and emotions through filmPresented by Shant Joshi
Who am I?
Shant Joshi
Director/Producer/Writer
1st Year Undergraduate @ York University
BFA Film Production (Hons.)
Films have been showcased at the New York Film Academy, the Planet In Focus International Film Festival, and the TIFF Next Wave Programme
What is filmmaking?
Definition: “The making of motion pictures” (Merriam-Webster)
A picture tells a thousand words. A picture captures a moment in time
Rather than freeze that moment, we recreate it by playing multiple images together at 24 frames per second, creating the illusion of motion
For our purposes today, filmmaking is to use and control MOTION in pictures to tell a specific story
Anyone can make a film
Any object that captures motion images is a “film” camera
From your phone…
To your pocket camera…
To your DSLR…
To your old Super 8 camera…
To the huge Hollywood film/digital camera.
What makes your film different than a big budget Hollywood film or a home video is how you use your tools to tell your story
Watch “They’re made out of Meat”
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7tScAyNaRdQHow does it use filmmaking techniques to tell a story? Let’s find out!
Main Components of Filmmaking
1. Camera Framing- Where do you capture the MOTION?
2. Mise-en scène- What MOTION, or lack of motion, are you capturing?
3. Editing- How much of the MOTION is seen?
Other concepts not discussed in the workshop:
4. Sound- What do we hear during the MOTION?
5. Lighting- In what light do we see the MOTION?
Camera FramingFraming a shot is to determine how your audience sees the subject in MOTION.
Much like how in theatre you use character position and levels on stage to send a visual message to your audience, similarly the camera manipulates the perspective of the action
This is made up of 5 major parameters:Camera Distance
Centered/Decentered Framing
Camera Angle
Depth of Field (Perspective Relations)
Camera Movement or Mobile Framing
Camera DistanceVarious Distance Types:
Extreme close-up (ECU): When a singular part of the face/body fills the frame
Close-up (CU): When the head fills the the frame
Medium-shot (MS): A shot of the character from the waist up
Medium Long Shot (MLS): A shot of a character from the shins up
Long Shot (LS)- A shot of the full body of the character
Extreme Long Shot (ELS)- A shot where the full body of the character is seen but is small in comparison to the environment
Our example: Character reading a book on a chair
How does the changing of distance influence our perception of the MOTION on screen?
Centered vs. Decentered Framing
Centered: Putting your subject into the center of the frame
Decentered: Putting your subject off to the side
Decentered (Rule of thirds): By putting your subject on the right or left third of the frame, the empty space can be used to tell something (emptiness? Completeness?)
Camera Angle
Low-angle (LA)- A shot where the camera is below the subject pointing up
High Angle (HA)- A shot where the camera is above the subject pointing down at it
Overhead shot/Bird’s eye view shot- A shot taken directly above the subject
Depth of Field (Perspective Relations)
Wide angle lens: Shallower depth of field. Wider look. More distance between various depths
Medium Lens: General Depth
Telephoto Lens: Deeper depth of field. Boxed in/focus look. Flattened image. Less distance between various depths
Mobile FramingPan- Camera is stationary but is turned from left to right
Tilt- Camera is stationary but is angled up and down.
Dolly/Track- A cart with wheels that holds the camera. It moves to allow the camera to change positions
Crane- A mechanical device that carries the camera through various movements both high level to low level and left to right
Handheld- When the camera is mounted on to the camera person as they move through the space
Example: Character gets up and moves through the space
FRAMING MANIPULATES FROM WHAT PERSPECTIVE DOES THE AUDIENCE SEE THE MOTION
ANY QUESTIONS ABOUT FRAMING YOUR SHOT?
Mise-en-Scène
Translates to “placing in the scene”
This refers to every thing you see in the frame of an image
Perfect authorship or auteurism is to have a purpose for every single object in frame
Includes:Setting
Props
Costumes and Make-Up
Colours
Performance
Purposeful Settings
Props and Costumes
Significant objects which has an important function in the film
Often repeatedly revealed for effect to the audience
Think about “They’re Made Out of Meat” and how it uses props
The cigarettes
The playing cards
The chewing gum
The pop culture magazine
The suit that the man wears
The fez with a red coat
Each object has it’s own significance
Movement & Performance Style
Stylistic elements of performanceAppearance
Gestures
Facial expressions
Voice
Noises
Think about “They’re Made Out Of Meat” How is the performance of the aliens different than the performance of
the group of friends?
the cook and waitress?
the man in the trench coat?
Through performance how does the filmmaker express the story to the audience?
ANY QUESTIONS ON MISE-EN-SCÈNE?
Editing“Film is truth at 24 frames a second, and every cut is a lie.”
–Jean Luc Godard
“The first cut is always the deepest” –Amnon Buchbinder
We can’t cut from theatre but we can from film.
Use your cuts wisely!
Make sure that you maintain a rhythm and a sense of continuous MOTION
Basic Hollywood Continuity Editing
Basic shot order of a scene1. Establishing shot: Establish where we are
2. Master shot: Looking at everything important to the scene
3. Close-up: Of character that is talking
4. Reaction shot: Of character that is listening
5. Return to Master shot
Match cuttingShot 1: Close-up of man in suit as he looks at the bottom left of frame and begins to sit down
Shot 2: Three quarter long shot of man in suit sitting into diner booth
Doing this only is generally BORING. Add some flair with your editing. Make your cuts meaningful.
Flair it Up! With Editing.Cut-in
When you are watching a long shot and the film cuts into a closer look at the specifics of the scene
Zooming vs TrackingExample of character reading book
(Skip to 0:35) Man of Steel clip. The quick zoom http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1-EdLrzZutE
Cut-away shotsMoving to another shot of something other than the main focus for a couple of seconds.
It adds effect
Think about “They’re Made out of Meat” and the cutaways to the friends and the waitress-cook
Editing Software AdviceiMovie (for Mac/iPad users) is a good place for first timers
Fairly easy to use editing software.
Not very precise cuts
Can not handle enormous amounts of media
Adobe Premiere Elements (for Mac/PC users) is a good place to start learning how to edit film more professionally
Adobe Premiere Pro (for Mac/PC users), Final Cut Pro 7 (for Mac only), and Sony Vegas Pro (for PC only) are great editing software for the aspiring filmmaker
AVID Media Composer (for Mac/PC users) is the epitome of professional editing software
These are all good, but are only tools for your mind to use through editing craft to tell a story
ANY QUESTIONS ON EDITING?
ANY QUESTIONS FOR LIGHTING, SOUND WORK, OR USING A CAMERA?
Watch “They’re made out of Meat”
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7tScAyNaRdQHow does it use filmmaking techniques to tell a story?
ANY QUESTIONS IN GENERAL?
THANK YOU!