The Cooperative Web A Step towards Web Intelligence
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Transcript of The Cooperative Web A Step towards Web Intelligence
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The Cooperative WebA Step towards Web
IntelligenceDaniel Gayo Avello
University of Oviedo
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Web Intelligence?• Multidisciplinary effort
– Artificial Intelligence– Information Retrieval– Software Agents– ...
• Early stages• Goal The Wisdom Web
– New web.– More useful.– Truly “intelligent”
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The Semantic Web (in a nutshell)• Standardized conventions (ontologies)
– objects– attributes– relations
• Semantic tags– Document authors mark up– Software agents (basic) reasoning
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So...• Semantic Web ~ Web
Intelligence Approach• Cooperative Web ~ Web
Intelligence Approach
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Is the Cooperative Web just-another-proposal?• Not really...• Semantic Web
– beginning... – human made (ontologies - at this moment)– time to reach the whole Web (5-10 years?)
• “I know what I want and I want it now!”• The Web ~ Legacy System• Something...
– fully automatic– simple– built on top of the current web (legacy)– between the current web (legacy) and The Wisdom Web (future)
• ...wouldn’t be nice?
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Cooperative Web proposal (in a nutshell)• Simple, cheap, automatic • Intermediate: Web ¿? Wisdom Web• “Squeeze out” the current Web a little
more...• Main ideas:
– Concept extraction– Automatic document taxonomies– Computational biology
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Concepts• Let’s study these samples...
...Betelgeuse, a red supergiant star about 600 light years distant, is seen in this Hubble Space Telescope image - the first direct picture of the surface of a star other than the Sun...
...Designer Jim Wallace, who is developing the PlayStation 2 fighting title "Rise to Honor" with martial-arts star Jet Li, said celebrity involvement boosts the reputation of gaming in general...
...His reputation as one of America's greatest actors secured, Hoffman proceeded to star in a series of films that disappointed at the box office...
...The actor Arnold Schwarzenegger has signed for a record-setting $30 million to star in "Terminator 3"...
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Concepts• They’re results from the Google
query star......Betelgeuse, a red supergiant star about 600 light years distant,
is seen in this Hubble Space Telescope image - the first direct picture of the surface of a star other than the Sun...
...Designer Jim Wallace, who is developing the PlayStation 2 fighting title "Rise to Honor" with martial-arts star Jet Li, said celebrity involvement boosts the reputation of gaming in general...
...His reputation as one of America's greatest actors secured, Hoffman proceeded to star in a series of films that disappointed at the box office...
...The actor Arnold Schwarzenegger has signed for a record-setting $30 million to star in "Terminator 3"...
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Concepts• But they talk about different kinds
of “stars”......Betelgeuse, a red supergiant star about 600 light years distant,
is seen in this Hubble Space Telescope image - the first direct picture of the surface of a star other than the Sun...
...Designer Jim Wallace, who is developing the PlayStation 2 fighting title "Rise to Honor" with martial-arts star Jet Li, said celebrity involvement boosts the reputation of gaming in general...
...His reputation as one of America's greatest actors secured, Hoffman proceeded to star in a series of films that disappointed at the box office...
...The actor Arnold Schwarzenegger has signed for a record-setting $30 million to star in "Terminator 3"...
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Concepts• From those (and other) documents we could
extract something like these “word bags”...0:{red supergiant, star, Sun, ...}1:{actor, actors, celebrity, films, star, ...}
• Plenty of techniques to obtain these “word bags” or “concepts”, for instance:– Latent Semantics (Foltz, 1990)
– Concept Indexing (Karypis and Han, 2000)
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Conceptual related documents• Documents shown before...
...Betelgeuse, a red supergiant star about 600 light years distant, is seen in this Hubble Space Telescope image - the first direct picture of the surface of a star other than the Sun...
...Designer Jim Wallace, who is developing the PlayStation 2 fighting title "Rise to Honor" with martial-arts star Jet Li, said celebrity involvement boosts the reputation of gaming in general...
...His reputation as one of America's greatest actors secured, Hoffman proceeded to star in a series of films that disappointed at the box office...
...The actor Arnold Schwarzenegger has signed for a record-setting $30 million to star in "Terminator 3"...
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Conceptual related documents• Could be transformed in something like
this......Betelgeuse, a red supergiant star about 600 light years distant, is seen in
this Hubble Space Telescope image - the first direct picture of the surface of a star other than the Sun...
...Designer Jim Wallace, who is developing the PlayStation 2 fighting title "Rise to Honor" with martial-arts star Jet Li, said celebrity involvement boosts the reputation of gaming in general...
...His reputation as one of America's greatest actors secured, Hoffman proceeded to star in a series of films that disappointed at the box office...
...The actor Arnold Schwarzenegger has signed for a record-setting $30 million to star in "Terminator 3"...
• by dropping the “stop words”...
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Conceptual related documents• And then into this...
?00???????00????????1?1??????1??11??1???1?
• Last three documents are closely related while the first one has nothing to do...
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Text strings...• This way of representing free text...
?00???????00????????1?1??????1??11??1???1?
• ...could be well-suited to determine the distance between documents.
• Let’s see a simpler technique to get the distance between text strings...
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Text strings...• Three simple strings:
– BENJI– DANI– HENRY
• How closely are they related?• Let’s define a distance between two strings as
the number of letters to delete +the number of letters to change +the number of letters to insert...
• ...to transform one string into the another.
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Text strings...• Distance between BENJI and DANI: 3
BENJI DENJI (1), DENJI DANJI (2), DANJI DANI (3)
• Distance between DANI and HENRY: 4DANI HANI (1), HANI HENI (2), HENI HENRI (3), HENRI HENRY (4)
• Distance between BENJI and HENRY: 3BENJI HENJI (1), HENJI HENRI (2), HENRI HENRY (3)
• This is known as Levenshtein distance and will allow us to better understand next step...
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Someone’s in the kitchen with DNA• DNA highly complex molecule made from only 4
different kinds of components:– Adenine - A– Cytosine - C– Guanine - G– Thymine - T
• So, DNA molecules ~ simple (but huge) text strings– CCAAGGA...– CCAAGGAAACTCACTA...– GATTACA...
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Someone’s in the kitchen with DNA
• If DNA ~ text string then distances between two or more strings can be easily computed...
(Ursing and Arnason, 1998)
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What if...
Could be possible to adapt computational biology
algorithms to distill semantics from the web in
an automatic fashion?
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Cooperative Web architecture
Œ
Ž
User
Software agent
Browsinghistory
Documenttaxonomy
?
Œ
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So, the Cooperative Web would be...
A layer over the Webto provide semantics
in an automatic fashion“inspired” by
computational biology
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Work in progress...
•Cooperative Web is just a proposal (at this moment)
•Some prototypes soon (I hope...)
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The Cooperative WebA Step towards Web
Intelligence
Thank you!Any question?
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References• Foltz, P.W. (1990), "Using Latent Semantic Indexing for Information
Filtering", Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Office Information Systems, Boston, EE.UU., pp. 40-47.
• Karypis, G., and Han, E. (2000), "Concept indexing: A fast dimensionality reduction algorithm with applications to document retrieval and categorization", Technical Report TR-00-0016, University of Minnesota.
• Ursing, B.M., and Arnason, U. (1998), "Analyses of mitochondrial genomes strongly support a hippopotamus-whale clade", Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, 265:2251-2255.