The Completeness of Planetary Searches
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Transcript of The Completeness of Planetary Searches
The Completeness of Planetary Searches
Adric R. Riedel2009 04 13
Why?
Image Credit: NASA/JPL (Galileo)
• Extrasolar planets may be the future of humanity
• Since 1995, hundreds of planets have been found orbiting sunlike stars.
The Question:
If humanity leaves the Earth, where will we go?
Where are we looking?Where are we NOT looking?
The Dædalus Project
An unmanned interstellar spacecraft designed to reach Barnard’s Star within a human lifetime
– Using only technologies expected to be available within the near future (nuclear explosion-based propulsion)
– Would visit the supposed planets
Time to Barnard’s Star: 50 years (0.12c)
http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/D/Daedalus.html
http://www.daviddarling.info/images/Daedalus3.jpg
The Project
How many stars within 25 parsecs (81.5 light years, 680 years at 0.12c) are being looked at for planets?
This requires:– A list of stars within 25 parsecs– A list of stars being looked at for planets
The 25 parsec sample
The NStars database (Backman et al. 2000)
2644 objects (including planets and brown dwarfs) in 2037 systems
Expectation is 6000 systems…
The 25 parsec map
The 25 parsec sample
Spectral types generated from absolute V magnitudes
– Less than half the objects in NStars have known spectral types or photometric color information
– Not all stars within 25 parsecs (or in NStars) are on the main sequence
All systems (including ones with known types) were assigned types this way. It’s consistently bogus.
Summing it all up: 25 parsec list
Planet Searches listPlanet search teams are not required to publish a list of their intended targetsFortunately, some of them have.All data is from VizieR, except for a paper by van de Kamp (thanks to Andreas Güth for translating it from German)
Please note: All lists are fragmentary
Planet Searches listCalifornia Planet Search (Doppler)
–Lick-Carnegie–UC-NASA Eta Earth
Geneva Planet Search (Doppler)
–CORALIE–ELODIE–HARPS
Okayama/HIDES (Doppler)Walker (Doppler)Van de Kamp (Astrometry)OGLE-I (Microlensing)
CoRoT (Transit)
UNSW (Transit)
PISCES (Transit)
WASP0 (Transit)
EXPLORE (Transit)
EPOCh (Transit)
HATnet (Transit)
TReS (Transit)
Exoplanet.eu knowns list
Exoplanet.eu retracted list
The map of planet searches
Summing it all up: Planet Searches
The map of planet searches
Where are we (not) looking?
Remember: These are only what is published.
Works Cited
The list of planet searches
California Planet Search (CPS) (Doppler)– Marcy, Butler, Fischer, Vogt– 881 probable targets from Nidever et al. 2002– Also run UC-NASA Eta Earth project, looking at the 230
nearest GKM stars
Geneva Planet Search (Doppler)– Mayor, Queloz, Udry– CORALIE, ELODIE, HARPS– 451 targets from HARPS (Sousa et al. 2008)
Okayama/HIDES (Doppler)– 57 targets from their first round (Takeda et al. 2005),
nothing since.
Gordon Walker (Doppler)– Unsuccessful 1980-1992 search of 21 stars despite looking
at Eps Eri– All but four targets are on the CPS list (Nidever et al. 2002)
The list of planet searches
van de Kamp (Astrometry)– 1940-1980s? Unsuccessful planetary search– 6 stars from van de Kamp (1983)– All but Stein 2051A are on the CPS list
OGLE (Microlensing)– 1992-1995 OGLE-I run– 177 stars from Udalski et al. (2005) catalog– OGLE is looking between us and the SMC and LMC
The list of planet searches
CoRoT (Transits)– Some overlap with Geneva Planet Search– Only publishes confirmed planetary transits– Data is 816 stars “within one of the exoplanet fields”
selected for radial velocity follow-up (Loillet et al. 2008)
UNSW (Transits)– University of New South Wales (Australia)– Data on 850 ‘astrophysically interesting variable stars’
(including planets) from their program. (Christiansen et al. 2008)
PISCES (Transits)– Planets In Stellar Clusters Extensive Survey– 102 stars from Mochejska et al. (2005)
WASP (Transits)– 75 stars from the WASP0 prototype (Kane et a. 2005,
catalog)
The list of planet searches
EXPLORE (Transits)– Promises a discussion of results from their first search
(EXPLORE I) where they searched 37,000 stars– Accompanying catalog is the exoplanet.eu list as of 18
July 2003
EPOCh (Transits)– Follow-up of already known transiting planets using the
Deep Impact spacecraft
HATnet (Transits)– Harvard-Smithsonian CFA, and overlap with CPS– Only publishes discoveries
TReS (Transits)– Completely missed this one.
The list of planet searches
To round out the list I include:– The www.exoplanets.eu known planets
list as of 27 March 2009 (344 stars)• Includes all systems from programs that
only publish planet results• 8 planets have no coordinates for the parent
star and were removed.
– The www.exoplanets.eu retracted planets list, from 27 March 2009 (57 stars)• 2 planets have no coordinates for the parent
star and were removed.