The Cold War ExpandsThe Cold War Expands

The Korean WarThe Korean War

3838thth Parallel Parallel– North (Soviet) and South North (Soviet) and South

(American) Korea(American) Korea

June 1950, North Korea June 1950, North Korea troops move into South troops move into South KoreaKorea– Douglass MacArthur leads Douglass MacArthur leads

UN forcesUN forces

MacArthurMacArthur– UN pushes North Korea UN pushes North Korea

backback

The Korean War (cont.)The Korean War (cont.)ChinaChina– MacArthur’s “Home by MacArthur’s “Home by

Christmas” offensiveChristmas” offensive– China and North Korea China and North Korea

push UN forces backpush UN forces backStalemateStalemate

MacArthur firedMacArthur fired– Truman fires MacArthur for Truman fires MacArthur for

wanting to attack Chinawanting to attack China– Truce signed in 1953Truce signed in 1953

The McCarthy Era (2The McCarthy Era (2ndnd Red Scare) Red Scare)

Joseph McCarthyJoseph McCarthyMcCarthy’s Rise to McCarthy’s Rise to PowerPower– Gained support during Gained support during

the Korean Warthe Korean War– Accused Sec. of State Accused Sec. of State

George Marshall of George Marshall of conspiracyconspiracy

McCarthy’s FallMcCarthy’s Fall– Army-McCarthy Army-McCarthy

hearingshearings

The Cold War in the 1950’sThe Cold War in the 1950’s

Dwight D. Eisenhower (Rep.) Dwight D. Eisenhower (Rep.) becomes Presidentbecomes President– Containment policyContainment policy

Southeast AsiaSoutheast Asia– Eisenhower ends Korean WarEisenhower ends Korean War– VietnamVietnam

Ho Chi MinhHo Chi Minh

War between Vietnam and FranceWar between Vietnam and France

– Domino theoryDomino theorySupport France in warSupport France in war

Vietnam split between Communist Vietnam split between Communist north and anti-Communist southnorth and anti-Communist south

The Middle EastThe Middle EastIsraelIsrael– 1948, official country1948, official country– Conflict between Jews and ArabsConflict between Jews and Arabs– U.S. supports Israel; USSR supports U.S. supports Israel; USSR supports

ArabsArabsIranIran– CIA leads overthrow of pro-Communist CIA leads overthrow of pro-Communist

leader; restores Shah of Iran to powerleader; restores Shah of Iran to powerSuez Crisis (1956)Suez Crisis (1956)– Egypt seeks Soviet support; U.S. cut off Egypt seeks Soviet support; U.S. cut off

aid to Egyptaid to Egypt– Egypt seizes Suez Canal; later Egypt Egypt seizes Suez Canal; later Egypt

attacked by France & GBattacked by France & GB– US persuades them to w/drawUS persuades them to w/draw

Eisenhower DoctrineEisenhower Doctrine– U.S. use force to prevent Communist U.S. use force to prevent Communist

aggression in the Middle Eastaggression in the Middle East

Latin AmericaLatin America

Rio Pact – regional defense Rio Pact – regional defense alliance against communism alliance against communism

OAS (Organization of American OAS (Organization of American States) – increase cooperationStates) – increase cooperation

CIA leads takeover of CIA leads takeover of Guatemala (1954) – leaning Guatemala (1954) – leaning towards communismtowards communism

Fidel Castro takes over Cuba Fidel Castro takes over Cuba (1958)(1958)– U.S. cut aid and stopped tradeU.S. cut aid and stopped trade– Cuba turns to the Soviet UnionCuba turns to the Soviet Union

The Arms RaceThe Arms RaceThe Growth of Nuclear ArsenalsThe Growth of Nuclear Arsenals– 1953, Soviet Union test hydrogen 1953, Soviet Union test hydrogen

bombbomb– UN’s Atoms for Peace Plan – find UN’s Atoms for Peace Plan – find

peaceful uses for nuclear energypeaceful uses for nuclear energy

BrinkmanshipBrinkmanship– Sec. of State John Dulles – U.S. Sec. of State John Dulles – U.S.

willing to declare war to protect willing to declare war to protect their intereststheir interests

Cold War in the skiesCold War in the skies– ICBM’s (Intercontinental Ballistic ICBM’s (Intercontinental Ballistic

Missiles)Missiles)– SputnikSputnik (1957) – 1 (1957) – 1stst satellite to orbit satellite to orbit

earthearth– U-2 incident (May 1960) – U.S. spy U-2 incident (May 1960) – U.S. spy

plan shot downplan shot down