The Cold War
description
Transcript of The Cold War
C O M M U N I S T S T A K E P O W E R I N C H I N AW A R S I N K O R E A A N D V I E T N A M
T H E C O L D W A R D I V I D E S T H E W O R L D
THE COLD WAR
COMMUNISTS TAKE POWER IN CHINA
COMMUNISTS VS NATIONALISTS
• Nationalists & Communists fought for control in China during 1930s
• Joined forces to fight Japan during WWII• After WWII, fighting continued,1946-1949
Communists NationalistsMao Zedong Jiang JieshiNorthwest China Southwest ChinaSoviet supported US supported
COMMUNISTS VS NATIONALISTS
• Communists well trained in guerilla war• Communists promised land to peasants• 1949, Communists won the civil war• Nationalists fled to Taiwan
COMMUNISTS VS NATIONALISTS
• 1. What two groups fought the civil war?
• 2. Who led them?
• 3. Who won the civil war and why?
THE TWO CHINAS AFFECT THE COLD WAR
• US helped Nationalists create new government• “Republic of China”
• Soviets helped Mao Zedong & his government• “People’s Republic of China”
• Communist China tried to expand power• Invaded Mongolia, Tibet and India
THE TWO CHINAS AFFECT THE COLD WAR
• 4. How did the superpowers take sides with the two Chinas?
• 5. Which side did each superpower support?
THE COMMUNISTS TRANSFORM CHINA
• Mao Zedong plans to rebuild China• Seized land from landowners, gave to
peasants • Created collective farms, communes• Land belonged to the group (no private
property)• Took control of China’s industries• Increased production of industrial goods• Coal, cement, steel, electricity
THE COMMUNISTS TRANSFORM CHINA
• “Great Leap Forward”• Create larger, more productive farms• Take• Plan failed• 1958-1961: famine killed millions
THE COMMUNISTS TRANSFORM CHINA
• Mao tried to revive revolution, “Cultural Revolution”• Goal: society of peasants & workers in which all were
equal• “Red Guards,” militia of student-soldiers
(teenagers)• “learn revolution by making revolution”• Shut down schools• Killed thousands that resisted• mostly intellectuals that were against revolution
• China in chaos• Factories shut down• Farm production dropped
• End of “Cultural Revolution”
THE COMMUNISTS TRANSFORM CHINA
• 6. What are changes that Mao made to China?
• 7. Why do you think the Revolution failed?
WARS IN KOREA AND VIETNAM
WAR IN KOREA
• Korea divided into 2 nations after WWII• North of 38th parallel, Japan surrendered to Soviets• South of 38th parallel, Japan surrendered to Allies
WAR IN KOREA
• 1950 North Korea invaded South Korea• US & other UN nations sent troops to help
South Korea• General Douglas MacArthur led the attack on
North Korea• 1953: cease-fire• 38th parallel remains dividing line
WAR IN KOREA
• North Korea: Communist government• Strong army, tight gov’t control• Economic problems
• South Korea: dictators• US aid: helped economy grow• 1987 began elections
WAR IN KOREA
• 8. Describe the division of Korea?
• BrainPop: Korean War
WAR BREAKS OUT IN VIETNAM
• France had control of Vietnam for ~100yrs• Nationalist leader, Ho Chi Minh, defeated French
after WWII• Ho Chi Minh received aid from Communists• US fearful of domino theory: if one country falls to
communism, surrounding countries will, too• Vietnam was split in two
WAR BREAKS OUT IN VIETNAMNorth Vietnam South VietnamHo Chi Minh Ngo Dinh DiemCommunist, Non-CommunistVietcong: rebel fightersSupport from China & Soviet Union
Support from US & Allies
WAR BREAKS OUT IN VIETNAM
• US sent troops to help Vietnam to prevent entire country from becoming communist• Many Americans opposed the war• Vietnamization:• US pulls out of the war, 1973
• North Vietnam overran the South• Vietnam still Communist today
WAR BREAKS OUT IN VIETNAM
• 9. What is the domino theory?
• 10. What happened in Vietnam after the United States withdrew?
• BrainPop Vietnam War
THE COLD WAR DIVIDES THE WORLD
FIGHTING FOR THE THIRD WORLD
• After WWII, world is grouped into THREE “worlds”• First World: United States & Allies• Second World: Soviet Union & Communist Nations• Third World: developing nations of Africa, Asia &
Latin America
FIGHTING FOR THE THIRD WORLD
• Third World nations: serious problems from colonialism• Political unrest• Poverty• Lack of education• Limited or no technology
• Many tried to remain non-aligned, to stay out of Cold War
FIGHTING FOR THE THIRD WORLD
• 11. What problems did Third World nations face?
FIGHTING FOR THE THIRD WORLD
• Fidel Castro, a revolutionary overthrew Cuban government• Social reforms, ended elections, jailed/executed
opponents, censorship• Nationalized economy (took away private ownership)• US began trade embargo
• Gained economic support from Soviet Union• Soviets placed nuclear missiles in Cuba• US & Soviet Union ALMOST went to war
FIGHTING FOR THE THIRD WORLD
• US supported dictator in Nicaragua• Government fell to Communist rebels• Led by Daniel Ortega
• Nicaragua began to support Communist rebels in El Salvador• US began to aid Nicaraguan rebels fighting
against communist• Civil war continued for 10 years
THE COLD WAR DIVIDES THE WORLD