The Civil War · 2020. 3. 27. · Emancipation Proclamation •In 1863, Lincoln issued the...
Transcript of The Civil War · 2020. 3. 27. · Emancipation Proclamation •In 1863, Lincoln issued the...
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The Civil War
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The Key Players
• The Union: North
– President: Abraham Lincoln
– General: Ulysses S. Grant
• The Confederacy: South
– President: Jefferson Davis
– General: Robert E. Lee
Day 1
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1. Who were the leaders of the Union?
2. Who were the leaders of the Confederacy?
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North vs. South• Population: the North had
22 million people while the South had only 6 million people
• Resources: the North had more factories and produced more food than the South
• Transportation: the North had more railroads, canals, and roads
• Leadership: The North had Lincoln, and the South had General Lee
• Naval Power: the North had a more powerful navy
Day 1
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1. Which side had the advantage in resources?
2. Why is population important when fighting a war?
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Anaconda Plan
• Lincoln’s main strategy for winning the war was to surround the South and strangle it by blockading southern ports and controlling the Mississippi River.
• The strategy became known as the Anaconda Plan.
Day 1
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1. What was Lincoln’s plan for winning the war?
2. What nickname was given to the plan?
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Early Campaigns• To quickly end the Civil War,
the Union wanted to capture the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia.
• In 1861, an army of 30,000 Union troops began marching towards Richmond but were defeated by ~20,000 Confederate soldiers under the leadership of “Stonewall” Jackson.
• Jackson was one of the best military leaders in the war and earned his nickname by holding his ground like a wall made of stone.
Day 2
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1. What city did the Union want to capture?
2. Who led the Confederate forces defending the city?
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Early Campaigns
• Robert E. Lee felt that the best way to end the war was to invade the North.
• In 1862, Lee’s soldiers crossed into the North and were defeated at the Battle of Antietam.
• This was the single bloodiest day of the war as over 6,000 soldiers were killed in one day.
Day 2
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1. Why did Lee invade the North with his army?
2. What was the bloodiest battle during the Civil War?
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The Anthem of the North
• Julia Ward Howe heard a group of Union soldiers singing a song about John Brown.
• She re-wrote the words and called it “The Battle Hymn of the Republic.”
• This became a popular song among the Northerners and Union soldiers to sing
http://www.cyberhymnal.org/htm/b/h/bhy
mnotr.htm
Day 2
http://www.cyberhymnal.org/htm/b/h/bhymnotr.htm
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1. What song did Julia Ward Howe write?
2. What was the song originally about?
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Emancipation Proclamation
• In 1863, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation which freed slaves in the Confederacy.
• Lincoln did this because:1. It gave the North a moral
reason to fight
2. Britain and France would not fight against the North
3. The agriculture production in the South would be greatly damaged
Day 3
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1. What was the Emancipation Proclamation?
2. Why did Lincoln issue this document during the war?
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Draft Riots
• Also in 1863, Lincoln ordered a conscription, which required men to fight in the Civil War.
• Many Northerners were against the conscription and rioted by attacking buildings and abolitionists in the North.
Day 3
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1. Why did Lincoln order the conscription?
2. Why did many Northerners riot?
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Minority Soldiers Fight
• William Carney was an African American soldier for the Union during the Civil War.
• Philip Bazaar, born in Chile, was a Union soldier who helped deliver messages during the Civil War.
• Both men won the Congressional Medal of Honor
Day 3
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1. Why do you think William Carney and Philip Bazaar fought for the Union?
2. What award did both men receive?
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1st Turning Point
• In 1863, Robert E. Lee made another attempt to invade the North, but lost many men at a 3 day battle called the Battle of Gettysburg
• Lincoln gave a speech after the battle which came to be called the Gettysburg Address; in it, he spoke about why the war was being fought
Day 4
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1. What was the 1st turning point of the war?
2. What was Lincoln’s speech after the battle called?
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2nd Turning Point
• Also in 1863, General Grant captured Vicksburg which was located on the Mississippi River
• With that victory, the Union controlled the Mississippi River [cutting the Confederacy into 2 parts]
Day 4
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1. What was the 2nd turning point of the war?
2. Why was this such an important victory for the Union?
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Total War
• Union General Grant was willing to destroy the land and property of the South in order to win the war
• A Union military leader, William T. Sherman marched his troops across Georgia destroying everythingin their path in what was called the “March to the Sea”
Day 4
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1. What was “total war”?
2. Which Union General led the “march to the sea”?
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Lincoln Re-Elected
• With the North starting to win the War, Lincoln easily won re-election as U.S. President in 1864
• In his Second Inaugural Address, Lincoln spoke about the immorality of slavery and how the Union should treat the South with respect after the war was over
Day 5
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1. Why was Lincoln easily re-elected in 1864?
2. What did he say in his 2nd Inaugural Address?
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The End
• In early 1865, the Confederate capital was captured and half of Lee’s soldiers had deserted
• General Lee met and surrendered to General Grant at Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia, officially ending the war.
Day 5
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1. Why did General Lee surrender?
2. Where did this surrender take place?
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Lincoln Assassinated
• A few days after the war was over, a southern actor named John Wilkes Booth shot President Lincoln while he was watching a play
• Booth favored the South and thought Lincoln was a tyrant
• Andrew Johnson [Lincoln’s Vice President] became the new President of the U.S.
SIC SEMPER TYRANNIS!!!
Day 5
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1. Who assassinated Abraham Lincoln?
2. Who became the next U.S. President?