The Cell: History and Theory Chapter 7 Powerpoint #2 Honors Biology
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Transcript of The Cell: History and Theory Chapter 7 Powerpoint #2 Honors Biology
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
• Born: October 24, 1632• Died: August 30, 1723
• He is known as the “Father of Microscopy.”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anton_van_Leeuwenhoek
Anton van Leeuwenhoek• Discoveries:
- 1673: He looked at pond scum under the microscope and discovered small organisms he called animalcules or little animals (Protists)- 1676: discovered
bacteriahttp://www.kent.k12.wa.us/staff/TimLynch/sci_class/chap09/lesson_protista/Protista_Lesson.html#Algae
Robert Hooke
• Born: July 18, 1635• Died: March 3, 1703
• Wrote and published “Micrographia”
• Known as the “English Father of Microscopy”
http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/PictDisplay/Hooke.html
Robert Hooke
Contributions:
- He observed pieces of cork from the bark of a cork tree under the microscope.
- His observations led him to coin the word “cell.”
- “Cell”- means little rooms in Latin
- He compared the small boxes to the small rooms that monks lived in.
http://www.learner.org/channel/courses/essential/life/session1/closer1.html
Matthias Schleiden
• Born: April 5, 1804• Died: June 23, 1881
• German botanist
• Discovered that all plants were made of cells
• Contributed to the creation of the cell theory
http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9066147/Mathias-Jacob-Schleiden
Theodor Schwann
• Born: December 7, 1810• Died: January 11, 1882
• German zoologist
• Concluded that all animals are made of cells.
• Contributed to the creation of the cell theory http://www.nndb.com/people/357/000096069/
Rudolph Virchow• Born: October 13, 1821• Died: September 5, 1902
• German pathologist
• He is known as the
“Father of Pathology.”
• Discovered that all living cells come only from other living cells.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Rudolf_Virchow.jpg
The Cell Theory
1. All living things are made of cells.
2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.
3. Living cells come only from other living cells.
Two Main Types of CellsProkaryote• generally smaller and simpler• DO NOT have a nucleus –
DNA is not contained• All prokaryotic organisms are unicellular• example: all bacteria
Two Main Types of CellsEukaryote = “true nucleus”• Contains a nucleus • Contains dozens of specialized cell parts
(organelles)• Some unicellular organisms,
many multicellular• example: all plants, animals, and fungi
Cell Types (Review)
Eukaryotic
1. Contains a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles.
2. Rod shaped chromosomes
3. Found in all kingdoms except the Eubacteria and Archaebacteria
Prokaryotic
1. Does not contain a nucleus or other membrane bound organelles.
2. Circular chromosome
3. Found only in the Eubacteria and Archaebacteria Kingdoms
Two Main Types of Cells
Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote
Both:• Have a cell membrane• Contain DNA• Have cytoplasm with ribosomes
Prokaryotes Eukaryotes
Cell membraneContain DNARibosomesCytoplasm
NucleusEndoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatusLysosomesVacuoles
MitochondriaCytoskeleton
Cell-City Analogy• Just as a city is made up of many different components,
each with respective functions that they perform for the city to thrive, a cell is also made of structures (organelles), each with specific roles and duties.
Nucleus• Contains the genetic
material (DNA) & controls the cell’s activities
• Provides protection for nuclear material
• Made of 3 parts: – (1) nuclear envelope– (2) nucleolus– (3) chromatin
Endoplasmic Reticulum • Network of transport
Channels• 2 Kinds
– Smooth ER(SER): Synthesis of lipids and steroids
– Rough ER (RER): Synthesis and processing of proteins (ribosomes make it “rough”)
Golgi Apparatus • Packages proteins from the RER for secretion.• Packages lipids & steroids from the SER in to
vesicles to send to other organelles, or out of the cell.
Lysosome• Membrane-enclosed sac of enzymes needed to
break down cellular debris • recycling the cell's organic material• Made by the Golgi apparatus
Mitochondrion • Releases energy from glucose (cellular
respiration)• Makes ATP, the main energy source for almost
all cell processes.
Cytoplasm• Contents of a cell inside the
cell membrane but outside of the nucleus.
• The gel-like substance in the cytoplasm is called cytosol
Cell Membrane• Thin, Flexible barrier around a cell that regulates
what enters and leaves the cell.• More about this later…
Microtubule
• Long, thin filament that functions in the movement and support of the cell
• Hollow tube of protein that maintains cell shape and functions as a “track” along which organelles move through the cell
Cell membrane
Endoplasmicreticulum
Microtubule
Microfilament
Ribosomes Mitochondrion
CytoskeletonMicrofilament
Centriole• One of two small cylindrical structures
near the nuclear envelope of animal cells.• It helps organize microtubules during cell
division• Helps build cilia & flagella
Cell Wall• Provides structure and
protection to the cell. Found outside cell membrane in plants, algae, and some bacteria
• Made of:– Cellulose – Plants– Chitin – Fungi– Peptidoglycan - Bacteria
Vacuole • Membrane-bound sac, largest structure in
plant cell• Helps maintain water pressure in the cell• Site in the cell where water, salts, proteins,
and carbohydrates are stored