Honors Biology Chapter 7 Section 2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
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Transcript of Honors Biology Chapter 7 Section 2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
SC B -2.2: SUMMARIZE THE STRUCTURES & FUNCTIONS OF ORGANELLES FOUND IN A EUKARYOTIC CELL(INCLUDING THE NUCLEUS, MITOCHONDRIA, CHLOROPLASTS, LYSOSOMES, VACUOLES, RIBOSOMES, ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM [ER], GOLGI APPARATUS, CILIA, FLAGELLA, CELL MEMBRANE, NUCLEAR MEMBRANE, AND CYTOPLASM
Honors BiologyChapter 7 Section 2
Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Cytoplasm
Portion of the cell including everything inside cell membrane except nucleus
Cytosol: liquid portion of cytoplasm
NUCLEUS
Contains DNA with its coded instructions for making proteins so is the “control center”
most prominent structure seen with light microscope
Parts:NucleolusNuclear EnvelopeNuclear Pores
NUCLEUS
Nucleolus dense region in nucleus produces subunits of
ribosomesNuclear Envelope
dbl membrane surrounding nucleus
Outer layer contiguous with ER
Nuclear Pores holes thru envelope substances enter/leave
nucleus thru these pores
DNA in NUCLEUS
chromatin: DNA bound to proteins (called histones)
Chromatin condenses into chromosomes when cell starts cell division
RIBOSOMES
assembly site for proteins2 subunits
Small Large made separately in nucleolus exit nucleus
thru nuclear pores join when making proteins
RIBOSOMES
Considering the function of ribosomes…. What types of cells do you think would have an abundance of ribosomes in them?
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Internal membrane system2 types:1. Smooth ER (SER)2. Rough ER (RER)
SER
make membranes for cell membrane other organs
detoxifies drugs alcohol poisons
SER
So… considering the functions of SER……what types of cells can you predict might have an abundance of SER?
RER
“rough” because outer membrane is studded with ribosomes
proteins made & released into RER where they are modified (sugar groups added making a glycoprotein)
most of proteins made here are destined for export out of cell
RER
What type of cell do you think would have lots of RER?
GOLGI APPARATUS
stack of curved membranesusually found between ER and cell
membraneFunction: modify, sort, & package
material received from ER storage in cell or export out of cell
GOLGI
In what types of cells do you think there would be an abundance of Golgi bodies?
LYSOSOMES
membrane bound vesicle that has enzymes inside
Function: breakdown of macromolecules into smaller molecules which are then recycled in cytoplasm
Where do these macromolecules come from?
Lysosomes
Where do lysosomes get the macromolecules? worn out organelles engulfed bacteria or cell debris
VACUOLES
membrane bounded storage facilityProtists (one-celled organisms) put food
particles in a food vacuole until need the nutrients
plant cells have distinctive large central vacuole that stores water and some nutrients and helps plant maintain turgor when all cells have a filled central vacuole
MITOCHONDRIA
convert chemical energy in sugars ATP (high energy molecule that temporarily stores energy in form cells can use) = cellular respiration
dbl membrane intermembrane spacecristae : folds of inner membranematrix: inside folds of cristae
has own DNA (maternal) & divides on own
CHLOROPLASTS
in plant cellscapture energy in sunlight chemical energy
(photosynthesis)dbl membrane
intermembrane space inner membrane folds into thylakoid discs stack of discs = granum space around grana = stroma
contain chlorophyll+ DNA & divides on own
CYTOSKELETON
Function: internal structure & support movement of organelles & chromosomes anchors organelles and cellsMade of proteins
3 types:1. microfilaments2. intermediate filaments3. microtubules
MICROFILAMENTS
made of actinsupports cell shapeused by protist for movement
http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/9834092339/student_view0/chapter4/animation_-_cytoplasmic_streaming.html
Intermediate Filaments
used to move organelles around cytoplasm
MICROTUBULES
largest, strongestshaped like hollow straws with units that
spontaneously come together or fall apartused to move organelles, chromosomesmade in centrosomes
CELL ANALOGY
Eukaryotic cells are like a city: each part has a job to be done Nucleus : mayor Mitochondria: power plant Lysosomes: city dump and recycling center SER: hospital Golgi: UPS store Cytoskeleton: roads & bridges Cell Membrane: border patrol @ city limits