World War II

The Canadian Home Front

The Role of Women Overseas◦In 1941, for the first time in Canadian

history official women’s ____________were created _______

The Canadian Women’s Army Corps – _______

_________ The _______– Women’s Division

________ Women’s Royal Canadian Naval Service

– called “________”

The Role of Women

The Role of Women Over Seas◦ By the end of the war, over ____________ Canadian

women served overseas As cooks, nurses, pilots, mechanics, welders and

radar operators◦ Canadian women were even assigned to coastal

_________, and some even flew _________across the __________during Ferry Command During Ferry Command, nearly 10,000 planes were

flown from North America to Britain◦ These trans-Atlantic flights were very dangerous

Over ______flyers died while making this trip

The Role of Women

The Role of Women Over Seas◦ The most ___________job for women was to serve as

part of the Special Operations Executive (______) Women who did this worked as _________________, who

were parachuted into occupied France to find out everything they could to help the Allies plan an invasion on ______________

◦ Women worked as saboteurs, couriers, and radio operators for the SOE

◦ Also, during the Battle of Britain, women worked at secret ________ stations to alert the Allies of incoming planes

The Role of Women

The Role of Women on the Home Front◦ There was a big increase in the number of women in

the Canadian ______________during WW2◦ _________began to operate __ days a week, __ hours

a day◦ By 1944, the number of women in the work force

had reached over ____________◦ Women held the same jobs as men but were paid

_____◦ During the war the Canadian government provided

__________and _____breaks for women, but once the war ended, so did this _____________

◦ Most people expected women would give up their jobs to returning soldiers when the war was over.

The Role of Women

◦ When the second World War started, the economic _______________of the 1930’s was over

◦ The whole economy was focused on maintaining the flow of ____________and ____________to Britain

◦ Many _____________were involved in war production

◦ Canadian factories made bombs, bullets, ships, aircrafts, and armoured cars

◦ Automobile factories stopped making cars and began to only make ___________for the _______front

◦ The focus of Canadian industries on wartime production was called the “____________________”

Production

◦ Canadian government played a much larger role in WW2

◦ ________________________(owned by the government) dedicated to all aspects of wartime production

◦ Federal government introduced ____________(limited gas, coffee, butter, milk, and meat as examples)

◦ The __________________was created and managed by C.D. Howe He was given _______power

◦ The goal was to organize Canadian industry toward a _________purpose of supplying the ________

Production

Government paid for war effort through:◦ ________◦ War ________sales◦ _____payments from Britain

Gov’t introduced rationing and restrictions on:◦ ______◦ ________◦ _____

Production - Government Role

◦ When the American government introduced the ____________________in 1941, Canada became very worried that Allied countries would no longer buy from them The Lend Lease Act allowed Allied countries to ____

materials from the US without having to _____________

◦ Prime Minister King and President Roosevelt created the __________________________, which stated that: The US would buy more ______materials from

Canada, and the US would also _________Canada with American _____for weapon production

Production – Government Role

_____________is information that is spread for the purpose of _______________something

Propaganda

The information spread by propaganda during WWII was not always ___________

The National Film Board of Canada developed hundreds of _______________and short films to encourage Canadians to _____________in WWII

Posters were also made to create the idea that the ___________were very ______, and to discourage Canadians from carelessly _______ about war information

Propaganda

The British Commonwealth Air Training Plan◦ In 1939, Canada created the British Commonwealth

Air Training Plan, which created _________in Canada to _____ pilots and other crew members from _______________ countries

◦ By 1942 there was a very large demand for _____, as the Allies began the systematic bombing of German cities Allied planes flew across enemy lines to bomb _____,

_____, and _______________◦ By the end of the war, more than _________air

personnel were trained at over ________ sites across Canada

Canadian Training Facilities

____________◦ Was a special _____training facility located outside

___________, Ontario◦ Camp X opened a few days after the Japanese

bombing of ________Harbour◦ Canadian, British, and American spies were trained at

this secret school Camp X trained ______spies to work around the world

◦ Several Canadian spies served “___________________” providing valuable information about the enemies

◦ Most Canadian government and military leaders did not even know that Camp X ___________

◦ Was also where ______(complex radio) intercepted enemy _______and transmitted information between North America and Britain

Canadian Training Facilities

1939 – PM King made an election _________to never introduce ________________(mandatory military service) for overseas duty

By 1940 – King implemented the _____________________________________(NRMA)◦ Gave the government the power to control ______

and ___________resources in emergencies◦ Everyone over ____ years had to sign up to defend

the country for “_______________”- NOT OVERSEAS◦ Only those that were mentally _____or with strong

___________beliefs were excluded

Conscription

By _______– need for more ___________overseas

PM King held a ___________(vote) asking Canadians to release him from his promise not to introduce conscription◦ Majority of _______Canadians

supported conscription (___% yes)

◦ Majority of _______Canadians did not - (____% NO)

Conscription

PM King Voting in 1942 Conscription Plebiscite

•As the war was ending, conscription sent 13,000 Canadians overseas• Only ______ reached the front

lines•The Conscription Crisis of 1942 created __________between French & English Canada•It did _____create the same extreme conflict of the WWI (1917) crisis

As in WWI, The ______________ Act was used again

The government required groups of Canadians to register as __________________.◦ They were afraid that they might be _________or might

commit acts of _____________◦ This was anyone who was from an ethnic group whose

_______________were at war with Canada _______________camps were set up in Canada The government ____________any pro-______

political parties, as well as the _____________ party of Canada

In total - over _____________Canadians were forced to register

Enemy Aliens

Religious groups who practiced ___________were met with hostility

Members of these groups avoided military service by pleading that they were “_______________ objectors”

They were offered ______ ________work instead of military service

Enemy Aliens

Conscientious objectors building the Jasper Road in Alberta,

1941

Discrimination was shown against __________ Canadians until _________

As the war went on – Black and White Canadians served ______________in the armed forces

Blacks began to demand equality in other areas _______________peoples served in armed forces After war - believed that if they were willing to

fight and die for their country, that should share the __________________as all citizens

Also __________(negative attitude towards a group of people) against __________from Europe (people fleeing persecution)

Canada made it very difficult for ________refugees to enter the country

Enemy Aliens

The ______legacy of the Nazis was its effort to eliminate Europe’s __________people

Eventually, many Jewish people were captured and taken to _________________________(often called death camps) where ____________Jewish people were _______

Many Jewish people tried to ______Europe to escape this

Enemy Aliens

Anti-_________: hatred of Jews – existed in Canada

Some people refused to hire _______judges, lawyers, professors, and teachers

Many clubs and resorts openly displayed ________on their doors declaring “No Jews Allowed”

Anti-Semitism in Canada

Restrictive Immigration Policies:◦ Preference given to ________and _________immigrants,

while others were actively discouraged 1938 – Canadian __________________Society met with PM

King to appeal to the government to accept ___________ refugees from Europe based on humanitarian grounds◦ A Government official said:

“We don’t want to take too many Jews, but in the present circumstances particularly, we don’t want to say so.”

◦ When asked how many Jews the Canadian government intended to allow to enter Canada, another government official responded by saying: “None is too many.”

Enemy Aliens

History◦ In _______, there was a race riot in ___________where

approximately 5,000 racist Canadians smashed the windows of _____________home and stores

◦ These racist Canadians terrorized Japanese Canadians so they would _________Canada

◦ White Canadians were frustrated because Japanese people were competing with them for ____and were willing to work for lower ___________

◦ In ______, Prime Minister Mackenzie ____________the number of Japanese immigrants entering Canada.

◦ This was to ________the Japanese population ______ and to lessen the risk of future riots

Japanese Internment

•Only _____Japanese people were allowed to enter Canada each ______•Before WW2, Japanese and Chinese Canadians were denied the right to ______, and were not permitted to join the ________forces

After Pearl Harbour◦ People were scared that Japanese Canadians might give

________information to Japan, or even help them invade Canada

◦ In _______, ______________of Japanese Canadians began◦ Japanese Canadians were stripped of rights◦ All Japanese were fingerprinted, photographed, and

given an ___________________number. They had to carry identification cards at all times

◦ Japanese Canadians were forced to choose between _____________, or _____________away from the west coast Most chose to relocate

◦ In total, ___________ Japanese Canadians were sent to internment camps (_________ of whom were _______in Canada)

Japanese Internment

After Pearl Harbour◦ In 1943, the Canadian government passed a law

called the ______________________, which allowed the possessions of Japanese Canadians to be ______ without their permission Items were sold quickly and very __________ Money went to realtors and _______________

◦ Japanese were then forced to _______for their ____in the internment camps

◦ In 1944, a law was passed stating that the Japanese could be _____________to Japan if they did not leave British Columbia, even if they were born in Canada

◦ By 1946, after the war was over, Japanese Canadians were _____________from the internment camps

Japanese Internment

Compensation◦ In ______, ____years after the first internment

camp, Japanese Canadians were _________________(given money) for all they had been through during the war

◦ Prime Minister Brian _______________signed a compensation package giving $__________ for each internee’s survivor.

◦ In total $_____________dollars were paid out

Japanese Internment