The Browning of America: The Growing Hispanic Presence in the U.S.

Presidents ConferenceCouncil for Christian Colleges & Universities

January 28, 2011

Luis LugoDirector, Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life

Washington, D.C.

www.pewforum.org

2

Foreign Born Population by Race and Ethnicity

Source: Statistical Portrait of the Foreign-Born Population in the United States, 2007, Pew Hispanic Center, 2009

Other

Black

White

Asian

His-panic

0 10 20 30 40 50

1.4%

7.4%

20%

24%

47%

I

3

Fertility Rates by Ethnicity

2.1

2.9

2.01.9 1.8

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

All Hispanics Blacks Asians Whites

Source: National Center for Health Statistics, 2007

4

Hispanic Population in the U.S.(Actual and Projected)

14.5

42.3

6.3

83.7

127.8

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

Mill

ions

Source: U.S. Population Projections: 2005-2050, Pew Research Center, 2008

5

Population by Race and Ethnicity, Actual and Projected: 1960, 2005 and 2050

(% of total)

White Hispanic Black Asian0

102030405060708090

100

3.5

14

29%

1960 2005 2050

Source: U.S. Population Projections: 2005-2050, Pew Research Center, 2008

6

Religious Affiliation of Foreign and Native Born

Source: U.S. Religious Landscape Survey, Religious Affiliation: Diverse and Dynamic, p. 47; *Includes respondents who were born in U.S. territories (Guam, U.S. Virgin Islands, etc.) and Puerto Rico.

Total Population Native Born Foreign Born*Christian 78% 79% 74%

Protestant 51 55 24 Evangelical churches 26 28 15 Mainline churches 18 20 7 Historically black churches 7 8 2 Catholic 24 21 46 Mormon 1.7 1.8 0.9 Jehovah’s Witness 0.7 0.7 1.0 Orthodox 0.6 0.4 1.8

Other Religions 5 4 9

Jewish 1.7 1.8 1.5 Muslim 0.6 0.3 1.7 Buddhist 0.7 0.6 1.6 Hindu 0.4 <0.3 3.0 Unaffiliated 16 16 16

II

7

Religious Affiliation of Immigrants by Time of Arrival

1910- 1960- 1970- 1980- 1990- 2000-1959 1969 1979 1989 1999 2007

Christian 78% 78% 68% 76% 74% 74%

Protestant 33 30 24 27 21 22 Evangelical churches 13 15 15 17 13 13 Mainline churches 19 14 7 7 5 5 Historically black churches 1 1 1 3 3 3 Catholic 42 44 39 45 49 48 Mormon 1 1 2 1 1 1 Jehovah’s Witness 1 1 1 1 1 1 Orthodox 2 2 2 2 2 2 Other Religions 7 8 12 10 8 8 Jewish 3 3 3 2 1 1 Muslim <0.5 <0.5 2 2 1 2 Buddhist 1 2 2 2 1 1 Hindu <0.5 2 3 3 4 4

Unaffiliated 13 14 19 14 18 16

Source: U.S. Religious Landscape Survey, Religious Affiliation, p. 51.

8

Racial and Ethnic Distribution of Religious Traditions

White Black Asian Other/ Latino Mixed Race

Total Population 71% 11% 3% 3% 12%

Christian Protestant 74 16 1 3 5 Evangelical churches 81 6 2 4 7 Mainline churches 91 2 1 3 3 Historically black churches 2 92 0 1 4 Catholic 65 2 2 2 29 Mormon 86 3 1 3 7 Jehovah’s Witness 48 22 0 5 24 Orthodox 87 6 2 3 1

Other Religions Jewish 95 1 0 2 3 Muslim 37 24 20 15 4 Buddhist 53 4 32 5 6 Hindu 5 1 88 4 2 Unaffiliated 73 8 4 4 11

Source: U.S. Religious Landscape Survey, Religious Affiliation, p. 44.

Non-Latino

9

Denominational Distribution of Latinos

Source: Changing Faiths: Latinos and the Transformation of American Religion, p. 7. Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life and Pew Hispanic Center, 2007.Note: Percentages may not sum to 100 due to rounding.

Catholic 67.6%Protestant 19.6 Baptist 6.9 Independent/Nondenominational 3.0 Congregational/Church of Christ 0.7 Presbyterian 0.3 Methodist 0.3 Lutheran 0.2 Episcopalian 0.2 Reformed 0.0 Something else 2.3 Nothing in particular 1.5 DK/Refused 1.1

Other Christians 2.7 Jehovah’s Witness 1.9 Mormon 0.7 Orthodox 0.1

Other Faiths 0.9

Unaffiliated 7.8

DK/Refused 1.1

10

Religious Tradition Among Latinos by Country of Origin

% who are... All Hispanics Mexico

Puerto Rico Cuba

Dominican Republic

Central America

South America

Catholic 68% 74% 49% 60% 68% 60% 71%

Evangelical 15 12 27 14 9 22 11

Mainline Protestant

5 4 9 7 6 3 3

Other Christian 3 3 4 1 2 2 2

Unaffiliated 8 7 9 14 9 12 8

Source: Changing Faiths, p. 13.

11

Renewalism Among Latino Protestants

Pentecostals Charismatics Neither

All 31% 26% 44%

Country of OriginMexican 28 25 47Puerto Rican 36 31 33Cuban 34 21 45Dominican 40 13 47Central American 38 27 36South American 29 31 40

NativityForeign Born 36 25 39Native Born 25 26 49

Non-Hispanic Protestants 9 9 82†

Source: Changing Faiths, p. 30.

†Source: 2006 Pew Forum Global Survey of Pentecostals.

Conversion Among Latinos by Religious Affiliation

% who are... All Mainline Other Hispanics Catholic Evangelical Protestant Christian Unaffiliated

Converts 18% 2% 51% 32% 52% 65% Formerly Catholic 13 * 43 26 41 39 Formerly Protestant 3 1 4 5 10 15

Not Converts 82 98 49 68 48 35

Source: Changing Faiths, p. 40.

Among Hispanics who are currently…

Estimates of the U.S. Unauthorized Immigrant Population from Latin America, 2000-2008

-13-

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 20090

2

4

6

8

10

12

6.67.1

7.48

8.48.9

9.610.1

9.6

8.9

Source: Trends in Unauthorized Immigration: Undocumented Inflow Now Trails Legal Inflow & U.S. Unauthorized Immigration Flows Are Down Sharply Since Mid-Decade, Pew Hispanic Center, 2008 & 2010

III

14

English Proficiency Among Foreign Born Adults

Non-Hisp. Other

Non-Hisp. Asian

Non-Hisp. Black

Non-Hisp. White

Hispanic

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Speaks only English Speaks English very well

Speaks English less than very well

Source: 2006 American Community Survey

15

Religious Tradition Among Hispanic Adults by Education and Income

EducationAll

U.S.All

Hispanics Catholic Evangelical Mainline Protestant

Other Christian Unaffiliated

Less than high school degree

14% 39% 42% 34% 30% 37% 33%

High school degree

36 47 44 54 56 52 49

Four-year college degree

16 10 9 10 12 9 17

Income

Less than $30,000

31 43 46 39 29 45 41

$30,000-$49,000

22 19 18 24 21 26 21

$50,000 or more 48 17 14 21 24 11 25

Source for Hispanics: Changing Faiths, p. 12.

Source for Total U.S. Population: U.S. Religious Landscape Survey, Religious Affiliation, p. 56, 60.

Among Hispanics…

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