The Beginning of Napoleonic Era – Day 1

EU - French Revolution had wide ranging and long-term impacts on France and the world

In times of crisis, people will turn to strong leaders to gain a sense of stability.

1. self-Quick Quiz on French Revolution2. Complete pp 15 about the rise of Napoleon3. Log onto website, go to classwork documents, read napoleon

and censorship.pdf and answer the “Thinking it through” question

French Revolution review1. How was French society organized before the Revolution?2. What symbolic act of the French Revolution is still celebrated

today?3. With regard to Q. 1.- what group would an Attorney have been

a member of?4. Why was the Estates General called into session?5. What was the first governing body called at the start of the

revolution? What group did this grow out of?6. What promise was in the Tennis Court Oath?7. Who was the leader of the Committee of Public Safety?8. At the end of the Revolution, what government replaced the

Legislative Assembly/Convention?9. Name for the period of chaos and many executions?10. What military leader gained power through a coup d’etat?

French Revolution review1. How was French society organized before the Revolution?

2. What symbolic act of the French Revolution is still celebrated today?

3. With regard to Q. 1.- what group would an Attorney have been a member of?

4. Why was the Estates General called into session?

5. What was the first governing body called at the start of the revolution? What

group did this grow out of?

6. What promise was in the Tennis Court Oath?

7. Who was the leader of the Committee of Public Safety?

8. At the end of the Revolution, what government replaced the Legislative

Assembly/Convention?

9. Name for the period of chaos and many executions?

10. What military leader gained power through a coup d’etat?

3 estates

Storming the Bastille

3rd estate as a bourgeosie

To address and approve the king’s call for taxes

National Assembly, the 3rd Estate of the Estates General

That the 3rd Estate (National Assembly) would not back down

Maximilien Robespierre

The Directory and the bicameral legislatureReign of Terror

Napoleon

Napoleon Bonaparte

Not this “Napoleon”

this…Napoleon Bonaparte

The Age of Napoleon BeginsThe Man from Corsica

1. Born on Corsica- Island in Mediterranean, close to Italy2. At age 9, he was sent to military school3. 20 when Revolution occurs- Confused – taught to be loyal to

the King.4. Early Successes

1. July 1793 - Drove Brits from Toulon- a port city in the South of France, occupied by the British

2. Paris October 1795 – Saved National Convention from Royalist rebels3. 1796-1797 – Italian campaign forced to surrender – ending the

Austrian threat to France4. Egypt 1798- Disrupt British Trade with India was the goal, turned out

to be a disaster – but symbolically good for Napoleon as he was able to control the press reports

5. 1799- Overthrows the Directory- Coup D’Etat- Sets up “Consulate” (3 men)- Napoleon will act as “First Consul” for Life-

1802

6. Self Made Emperor- 1804~Holds Plebiscite- Ballot which voters say yes/no to an issue~ people vote “yes” on question about

Napoleon becoming emperor

Napoleon, Emperor of France

France Under Napoleon

Central Government is Strengthened1) Reforms

1. Controls Economy2. Builds Roads/ Canals3. Public Schools – the lycees4. Concordat of 1801- Peace with the Church5. He had the support of all Classes

2) Napoleonic Code1. Equality – in law and justice2. Right to own property – creates a permanent bourgeois society3. Religious Freedom4. Women lost rights

5. Order over individual rights BUT heavy-handed police state under Minister of Police Fouche

1. Restrictions on speech, press and political organizations2. More executions

France Under Napoleon Cont

3. Slave uprising and a challenge to French authority needed to be put downA. Cost was too high and too

many deaths lead to Napoleon removing French troops

4. Sold Louisiana to the US to give the US a chance to compete with Britain and to get money for France’s European wars

5. Napoleon wanted to destroy the British Navy to break the continental blockade and so that France would be able to invade the British Islands

the tow navies met at the naval Battle of Trafalgar. A. British Admiral Horatio Nelson defeated the French navy and B. Britain was safe while C. France was cooped up on the European continent.

Key military factors and beliefs Individual Losses for overall Victory- OK with Napoleon Rapid Movement/ New Plans and Tactics- Napoleon was an artillery and overall military genius

A. The Grand Empire1. Annex- Add Territory- Belgium,

Netherlands, Italy, Germany2. Abolishes H.R.E.- Creates 38 Member conference of the Rhine in what is now Germany3. Part of Poland- the Grand Duchy of Warsaw conquered by Napoleon4. Puts family and friends on European Thrones (Joe Bonaparte- Spain)5. Divorces Josephine- Maries niece of Marie Antoinette- A Princess of Austria

Subduing an Empire

B) France v. Britain1. 1805- Battle of Trafalgar- Admiral Nelson destroys French Fleet2. Continental System- Closes European Ports under French control to British Ships and British made goods3. British Blockade- British navy cuts off all traffic in and out of French ports

C) Successes and Failures1. Continental System – big failure2. Scarce Goods- Prices went up3. Victories- led to Nationalism- French Pride

Napoleon Bonaparte - 1769-1821 - Day 2 EU - In times of crisis, people will turn to strong leaders to gain a sense of stability.1. Complete p 16 to understand map skills and the

extent of Napoleon’s French Empire (see pdf19)2. Actively Read p 18 about two views of Napoleon

and answer q1-23. Read napoleon+leader+general+tyrant+reformer.pdf -

answer attached questions 1, 2 and 44. Plan a cartoon illustrating the fall of Napoleon but

also including his legacy.5. Complete p 20 about the Congress of Vienna.

The End of an EraI. Challenges to Napoleon’s Empire

A. Napoleon’s Armies viewed as oppressors, not liberators as he saw himself~ many riots and revolts throughout the empire.

B. The Peninsula War ~Spanish and Portuguese resistance- 1808-1813

1. Spanish loyal to former King, not his brother, troops sent in to insure Joe B’s rule.

2. Guerilla Warfare- hit and run against the French3. Keeps troops occupied and bogged down in Spain

C. Portugal refuses to participate in Continental Blockade. Troops sent to force cooperation.

D. Attack on Russia- Defeat1) Czar Alexander I resigns from participating in the continental System2) Napoleon invades Russia, sends in the “Grand Army” (600,000) people.3) Russians retreat east, employing the “Scorched Earth” tactic. (Good example of History Repeating itself- ask me).4) Napoleon in Moscow By September, but cannot stay during winter- no food

- 600,000 men begin journey, only 30,000 return.

IV. Downfall of NapoleonA) Russia, Great Britain, Prussia, Austria v. Napoleon

1. Battle of Nations at Leipzig2. Napoleon is defeated, forced to Abdicate3. Exiled to Elba- Louis XVIII is placed on the Thrown

B) Napoleon Returns – for 100 days4. People Hate Louis 18- Economy is a mess, people and military

still loyal to Napoleon5. Napoleon escapes Elba- organizes army, runs Louis out of

FranceC) Waterloo-

1. June 18, 1815- Belgium2. Defeated by the Duke of Wellington and General

Blucher (Prussia)3. Exiled to St. Helena forever

Interpreting Maps olt p 232 on pdf 191. Austria, Belgium, Netherlands, Confederation of Rhine (Germany),

Duchy of Warsaw (Poland), Italy, Illyrian Provinces (Yugoslavia), Switzerland, Spain – Russia, Prussia and Austria were allied with France by 1810, but not controlled by Napoleon’s France

2. About 1700 miles, 2800 km3. North n w4. Spain at Gibraltar5. Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Great Britain, Ireland, Portugal, Sardinia,

Sicily, Ottoman Empire were not controlled by or allied with Napoleon

6. There was more land allied with or controlled by Napoleon than unallied and unconquered.

7. 1600 miles or 2600km8. Trafalgar, Ulm, Austerlitz, Wagram and Friedland

Viewpoints on Napoleonpp 18

1. Napoleon uses force and cunning to persuade peopleHe grew more and more dictatorial, further and further encroaching (moving into and taking) people’s liberty, and the independence of the rest of Europe.

2. Napoleon is legitimate and should be supported, not because of nobility but because he will best protect the liberty of the 3rd Estate. He also has right to rule because he leads the successful army as it conquers all of France and Europe.

V. Legacy of Napoleon

1. Values of the French Revolution were spread throughout Europe – equality, liberty, justice, the rights of man.

2. France Government Centralized with Constitution3. Civil Code (Napoleonic codes) applicable to all citizens –

right to own property – spreads bourgeois middle class property owners to all of Europe

4. Limited Suffrage Elections5. Nationalism For European Nations6. Sold Louisiana Territory to U.S.7. Congress of Vienna and balance of European Power –

peace in Europe.

Congress of Vienna

Membership:AustriaPrussiaRussiaFranceGreat Britain

Goals:• Establish lasting peace in Europe

(based on theory of balance of power)

• Prevent future French aggression• Restore monarchs

Actions Taken:•Creation of some new powers ― Kingdom of Netherlands― adding to Kingdom of Sardinia―German Confederation―Independent Switzerland•Took land from France to return to pre-1792 borders•Developed Concert of Europe and Holy Alliance

Legacy•Short-term― conservatives returned to power―Revolts in many colonies like Brazil and Mexico•Long-term—40 years of European peace—France slightly weakened and Britain and Germany strengthened to balance France—Rise of nationalism—Implemented balance of power conceptCongress of Vienna