End of French Revolution and beginning of Napoleonic Era

EU - French Revolution had wide ranging and long-term impacts on France and the world

In times of crisis, people will turn to strong leaders to gain a sense of stability.

1. Review comparison of French with American Revolution pp#132. Review French Revolution facts3. What was the legacy of the French Revolution?4. View video discussing the end and legacy of the Revolution5. Complete p 14 about the rise of Napoleon6. Go over test

French Revolution review1. How was French society organized before the Revolution?2. What symbolic act of the French Revolution is still celebrated

today?3. With regard to Q. 1.- what group would an Attorney have been

a member of?4. Why was the Estates General called into session?5. What was the first governing body called at the start of the

revolution? What group did this grow out of?6. What promise was in the Tennis Court Oath?7. Who was the leader of the Committee of Public Safety?8. At the end of the Revolution, what government replaced the

Legislative Assembly/Convention?9. Name for the period of chaos and many executions?10. What military leader gained power through a coup d’etat?

French Revolution review1. How was French society organized before the Revolution?

2. What symbolic act of the French Revolution is still celebrated today?

3. With regard to Q. 1.- what group would an Attorney have been a member of?

4. Why was the Estates General called into session?

5. What was the first governing body called at the start of the revolution? What

group did this grow out of?

6. What promise was in the Tennis Court Oath?

7. Who was the leader of the Committee of Public Safety?

8. At the end of the Revolution, what government replaced the Legislative

Assembly/Convention?

9. Name for the period of chaos and many executions?

10. What military leader gained power through a coup d’etat?

3 estates

Storming the Bastille

3rd estate as a bourgeosie

To address and approve the king’s call for taxes

National Assembly, the 3rd Estate of the Estates General

That the 3rd Estate (National Assembly) would not back down

Maximilien Robespierre

The Directory and the bicameral legislatureGreat Terror

Napoleon

Legacy and Results of French Revolution1. crippled the power of the aristocracy and drained the wealth of the Church,2. Abolished serfdom and slavery – promoting socio-political equality3. men and even many women gained firsthand experience in the political

arena: A. they talked, read, and listened in new ways;B. they voted; C. they joined new organizations; D. and they marched for their political goals.

4. Revolution became a tradition, and republicanism an enduring option.5. Long-term belief in rights of man, in France and other countries.6. Promoted intense nationalism in France and other countries7. the liberation of the economy from royal controls8. standardization of weights and measures9. development of a uniform civil law code helped pave the way for the

Industrial Revolution.

Napoleon Bonaparte - 1769-1821 EU - In times of crisis, people will turn to strong leaders to gain a sense of stability.1. Complete p 14 about the rise of Napoleon2. Review Unit 1 test3. Complete p 15 about the fall of Napoleon4. Complete p 16 to understand map skills and the

extent of Napoleon’s French Empire5. Actively Read p 18 about two views of Napoleon

Napoleon Bonaparte

Not this “Napoleon”

this…Napoleon Bonaparte

I. The Age of Napoleon BeginsA. The Man from Corsica

1. Born on Corsica- Island in Mediterranean, close to Italy2. At age 9, he was sent to military school3. 20 when Revolution occurs- Confused – taught to be

loyal to the King.4. Early Successes

a. Drove Brits from Toulon- a port city in the South of France, occupied by the Britishb. Austrians- forced the Hapsburg surrenderc. Egypt 1798- Disrupt British Trade with India was the goal, turned out to be a disaster

5. 1799- Overthrows the Directory- Coup D’Etat- Sets up “Consulate” (3 men)- Napoleon will act as “First Consul” for Life-

1802

6. Self Made Emperor- 1804~Holds Plebiscite- Ballot which voters say yes/no to an issue~ people vote “yes” on question about

Napoleon becoming emperor

Napoleon, Emperor of France

II. France Under Napoleon

~ Central Government is StrengthenedA) Reforms

1. Controls Economy2. Builds Roads/ Canals3. Public Schools – the lycees4. Concordat of 1801- Peace with the Church5. He had the support of all Classes

B) Napoleonic Code1. Equality – in law and justice2. Right to own property – creates a permanent bourgeois society3. Religious Freedom4. Women lost rights5. Order over individual rights

C) heavy-handed police state under Minister of Police Fouche1. Restrictions on speech, press and political organizations2. More executions

III. Subduing an Empire~ Individual Losses for overall Victory- OK with Napoleon~Rapid Movement/ New Plans and Tactics- Napoleon was an artillery and overall military geniusA. The Grand Empire

1. Annex- Add Territory- Belgium, Netherlands, Italy, Germany

2. Abolishes H.R.E.- Creates 38 Member conference of the Rhine in what is now Germany3. Part of Poland- the Grand Duchy of Warsaw conquered by Napoleon4. Puts family and friends on European Thrones (Joe Bonaparte- Spain)5. Divorces Josephine- Maries niece of Marie Antoinette- A Princess of Austria

B) France v. Britain1. 1805- Battle of Trafalgar- Admiral Nelson destroys French Fleet2. Continental System- Closes European Ports under French control to British Ships and British made goods3. British Blockade- British navy cuts off all traffic in and out of French ports

C) Successes and Failures1. Continental System – big failure2. Scarce Goods- Prices went up3. Victories- led to Nationalism- French Pride

Napoleon Bonaparte - 1769-1821 EU - In times of crisis, people will turn to strong leaders to gain a sense of stability.1. Complete p 15 about the fall of Napoleon2. Complete p 16 to understand map skills and the

extent of Napoleon’s French Empire3. Actively Read p 18 about two views of Napoleon4. Draw a cartoon illustrating the fall of Napoleon but

also including his legacy.5. Complete p 20 about the Congress of Vienna.

The End of an EraI. Challenges to Napoleon’s Empire

A. Napoleon’s Armies viewed as oppressors, not liberators as he saw himself~ many riots and revolts throughout the empire.

B. The Peninsula War ~Spanish and Portuguese resistance- 1808-1813

1. Spanish loyal to former King, not his brother, troops sent in to insure Joe B’s rule.

2. Guerilla Warfare- hit and run against the French3. Keeps troops occupied and bogged down in Spain

C. Portugal refuses to participate in Continental Blockade. Troops sent to force cooperation.

D. Attack on Russia- Defeat1) Czar Alexander I resigns from participating in the continental System2) Napoleon invades Russia, sends in the “Grand Army” (600,000) people.3) Russians retreat east, employing the “Scorched Earth” tactic. (Good example of History Repeating itself- ask me).4) Napoleon in Moscow By September, but cannot stay during winter- no food

- 600,000 men begin journey, only 30,000 return.

IV. Downfall of NapoleonA) Russia, Great Britain, Prussia, Austria v. Napoleon

1. Battle of Nations at Leipzig2. Napoleon is defeated, forced to Abdicate3. Exiled to Elba- Louis XVIII is placed on the Thrown

B) Napoleon Returns – for 100 days4. People Hate Louis 18- Economy is a mess, people and military

still loyal to Napoleon5. Napoleon escapes Elba- organizes army, runs Louis out of

FranceC) Waterloo-

1. June 18, 1815- Belgium2. Defeated by the Duke of Wellington and General

Blucher (Prussia)3. Exiled to St. Helena forever

Interpreting Maps1. Austria, Belgium, Netherlands, Confederation of Rhine (Germany),

Duchy of Warsaw (Poland), Italy, Illyrian Provinces (Yugoslavia), Switzerland, Spain – Russia, Prussia and Austria were allied with France by 1810, but not controlled by Napoleon’s France

2. About 1700 miles, 2800 km3. North4. Spain at Gibraltar5. Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Great Britain, Ireland, Portugal, Sardinia,

Sicily, Ottoman Empire were not controlled by or allied with Napoleon

6. There was more land allied with or controlled by Napoleon than unallied and unconquered.

7. 1600 miles or 2600km8. Trafalgar, Ulm, Austerlitz, Wagram and Friedland

Viewpoints on Napoleon

Napoleon uses force and cunning to persuade peopleHe grew more and more dictatorial, further and further encroaching (moving into and taking) people’s liberty, and the independence of the rest of Europe.

Napoleon is legitimate and should be supported, not because of nobility but because he will best protect the liberty of the 3rd Estate. He also has right to rule because he leads the successful army as it conquers all of France and Europe.

V. Legacy of Napoleon

1. Values of the French Revolution were spread throughout Europe – equality, liberty, justice, the rights of man.

2. France Government Centralized with Constitution3. Civil Code (Napoleonic codes) applicable to all citizens –

right to own property – spreads bourgeois middle class property owners to all of Europe

4. Limited Suffrage Elections5. Nationalism For European Nations6. Sold Louisiana Territory to U.S.7. Congress of Vienna and balance of European Power –

peace in Europe.

Congress of Vienna

Membership:AustriaPrussiaRussiaFranceGreat Britain

Goals:• Establish lasting peace in Europe

(based on theory of balance of power)

• Prevent future French aggression• Restore monarchs

Actions Taken:•Creation of some new powers ― Kingdom of Netherlands― adding to Kingdom of Sardinia―German Confederation―Independent Switzerland•Took land from France to return to pre-1792 borders•Developed Concert of Europe and Holy Alliance Kingdom of

Legacy•Short-term― conservatives returned to―Revolts in many colonies like Brazil and Mexico•Long-term—40 years of European peace—France slightly weakened and Britain and Germany strengthened to balance France—Rise of nationalism—Implemented balance of power conceptCongress of Vienna