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The Basics of Quality The Basics of Quality ControlControl
for Insect Rearing for Insect RearingNorman C. LepplaNorman C. Leppla
University of FloridaUniversity of Florida
Department of EntomologyDepartment of Entomology
and Nematologyand Nematology
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Leppla’s Career inLeppla’s Career inInsect RearingInsect Rearing
• University of Arizona- Insect Rearing Research, 2 years
• USDA, ARS- Insectary Management, Florida & Texas, 17 years
• USDA, APHIS- Methods Development, Washington DC & International, 7 years
• University of Florida- Integrated Pest Management, 10 years
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Countries of Workshop StudentsCountries of Workshop Students
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Educational Background
High School
BS
MS
PhD
Number of responses
Entomology
Agronomy
Plant Health
On the Job
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Maintaining the Maintaining the Quality of Colonized Quality of Colonized
InsectsInsects• Collection of appropriate biotypesCollection of appropriate biotypes
• Colonization and strain developmentColonization and strain development
• Rearing proficiencyRearing proficiency
• Colony management Colony management
• OptimizationOptimization
• Strain replacementStrain replacement
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I. IntroductionI. Introduction
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II. A. Purposes for Rearing InsectsII. A. Purposes for Rearing Insects
II. B. Types of Insect Rearing II. B. Types of Insect Rearing
SystemsSystems
II. C. Options for Colonizing InsectsII. C. Options for Colonizing Insects
II. D. Maintaining the Quality of II. D. Maintaining the Quality of
Colonized Insects Colonized Insects
II. Colony Establishment II. Colony Establishment andand Maintenance Maintenance
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II. A. Purposes for Rearing Insects
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Monarch
Painted Lady
Small Scale Rearing: Butterflies
II. B. Types of InsectRearing Systems
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Diet Preparation Building
Insect Rearing Facilities
General Rearing Building
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State-of-the-Art Rearing Rooms
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Medium-Scale Rearing: Lepidoptera
Cabbage Looper
Corn Earworm
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USDA, ARS Rearing
Keith Halein
Clarence GreenJack
Rye
Bill Fisher
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USDA, ARS Rearing
Steve CarlyleFred AdamsFred Adams
Fred Adams
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Annie LorieInsect rearing is never a boring task; insects are always doing something interesting and pose new challenges all the time
Punky Rogers
USDA, ARS Rearing
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Mass Rearing: Medfly
Waimanalo, Hawaii
Metapa, Mexico
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Honolulu, Hawaii
Nori Tanaka
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Peter EblingInsect Producer Database Mgr.Great Lakes Forestry Centre1219 Queen St. EastSault Ste. Marie, ON P6A [email protected](705) 541-5517
II. C. Options for Colonizing II. C. Options for Colonizing InsectsInsects
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http://www.insect.glfc.cfs.nrcan.gc.ca
• World-wide listing- 35 insect & 21 nematode orders• Data submitted by sources• Searchable database• Expand clients• Adopt-a-colony
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Field CollectingCabbage Loopers
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Continuous Improvement Continuous Improvement of Insect Rearing of Insect Rearing
CapabilityCapability
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II. D. Maintaining the QualityII. D. Maintaining the Quality of Colonized Insectsof Colonized Insects
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SpecificationsSpecifications- Requirements - Requirements forfor
a product or service a product or service
StandardsStandards- The level of quality - The level of quality at which a specification is at which a specification is
writtenwritten
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Bonus: Learning How to Bonus: Learning How to Rear High Quality InsectsRear High Quality Insects
•Apprentice in an insectary
•Network with other professionals
•Literature plus trial-and-error
•Visit other insectaries
•Reviews by experts
•Education and Training programs
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First Training Program First Training Program for Insectary Managersfor Insectary Managers
•Rearing Theory- Dietetics and nutrition, laboratory colonization, production, problems & solutions, quality assessment
& performance, future of insect rearing as a scientific discipline
•Rearing Practical- Biology, colony maintenance, production management
•Insectary Management- Insect rearing management concept (IRM), planning,
staff management
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Insect Diet & Rearing Insect Diet & Rearing Research, LLCResearch, LLC
•Rearing news
•Research
•Consultation
•Educational programs
•Quality control
•Custom workshops
http://www.insectdiets.comhttp://www.insectdiets.com
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III. A. Quality Control Criteria and Standardized Tests III. B. Sampling for Consistent
QualityIII. C. Production, Process and Product Control
III. Monitoring QualityIII. Monitoring Quality
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III. A. Quality Control Criteria and Standardized
Tests•Quantity- Number of Pupae/AdultsQuantity- Number of Pupae/Adults
•Size- Weight of Pupae Size- Weight of Pupae
•Fecundity- Oviposition and Egg HatchFecundity- Oviposition and Egg Hatch
•Rate of Development- SynchronizationRate of Development- Synchronization
•Adult Behavior- Flight, Longevity Adult Behavior- Flight, Longevity
•Field Performance- Achieve PurposeField Performance- Achieve Purpose
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III. B. Sampling III. B. Sampling for Consistent for Consistent QualityQuality
CountCount= Measurement (X)= Measurement (X)
MeanMean= Sum/Number of Counts (= Sum/Number of Counts (XX))
VarianceVariance= Sum of Counts - = Sum of Counts - XX22 (V) (V)
Standard DeviationStandard Deviation= Square Root of V (S)= Square Root of V (S)
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III. C. Production, ProcessIII. C. Production, Process and Product Controland Product Control
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IIV. A. Structured Diagnostic ProceduresIV. B. Quality Control versus Methods ImprovementIV. C. Periodic Review versus Crisis Review
IV. Evaluation and ManagementIV. Evaluation and Management
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IV. A. Structured DiagnosticIV. A. Structured Diagnostic ProceduresProcedures
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IV. B. Quality Control IV. B. Quality Control versus Methods versus Methods ImprovementImprovement
Quality ControlQuality Control
•Monitor indicator variables
•Evaluate multiple variables
•Troubleshoot using QC data
•Conduct evaluations rapidly
•Goal is to restore stable productionMethods ImprovementMethods Improvement
•Conduct evaluations methodically
•Test one variable at a time
•Use controlled experiments
•Test results in the production system
•Goal is to optimize production
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IV. C. Periodic Review IV. C. Periodic Review versus Crisis Reviewversus Crisis Review
• Terms of referenceTerms of reference• PreparationPreparation• Seek to understandSeek to understand• ClarifyClarify• ReflectReflect• ReportReport• FeedbackFeedback
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V. Guidelines forV. Guidelines for Quality Systems Quality Systems
•Policy, Planning and AdministrationPolicy, Planning and Administration
•Design Assurance and Change ControlDesign Assurance and Change Control
•Control of Purchased MaterialsControl of Purchased Materials
•Production Quality ControlProduction Quality Control
•User Contact and Field PerformanceUser Contact and Field Performance
•Corrective ActionCorrective Action
•Employees- Select, Train and MotivateEmployees- Select, Train and Motivate
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Global Quality Control Global Quality Control ProgramsPrograms
•Individual CompaniesIndividual CompaniesCustomersCustomers
•International International StandardsStandardsISO 9000 ISO 9000 ASTM ASTM IOBC Guidelines IOBC Guidelines
•The MarketplaceThe Marketplace Quality ProductsQuality Products
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to facilitate and to facilitate and advance cost-effective advance cost-effective rearing of high quality rearing of high quality insects and other insects and other arthropods in support arthropods in support of biological control and of biological control and integrated pest integrated pest managementmanagement http://www.amrqc.orghttp://www.amrqc.org
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Workshops of the IOBC,Workshops of the IOBC, WGQC (AMRQC) WGQC (AMRQC)
19821982 Gainesville, FloridaGainesville, Florida E. F. Boller and D. L. ChambersE. F. Boller and D. L. Chambers19841984 Wadenswil, SwitzerlandWadenswil, Switzerland E. F. Boller and D. L. ChambersE. F. Boller and D. L. Chambers19861986 Guatemala City, GuatemalaGuatemala City, Guatemala C. 0. CalkinsC. 0. Calkins19881988 Vancouver, CanadaVancouver, Canada C. 0. CalkinsC. 0. Calkins19911991 Wageningen, NetherlandsWageningen, Netherlands F. Bigler and J. C. van LenterenF. Bigler and J. C. van Lenteren19921992 Horsholm, DenmarkHorsholm, Denmark F. BiglerF. Bigler19931993 Rimini, ItalyRimini, Italy M. Benuzzi and N. C. LepplaM. Benuzzi and N. C. Leppla19951995 Santa Barbara, CaliforniaSanta Barbara, California R. F. Luck and N. C. LepplaR. F. Luck and N. C. Leppla19981998 Cali, Colombia Cali, Colombia N. C. Leppla and T. R. AshleyN. C. Leppla and T. R. Ashley20032003 Montpellier, France Montpellier, France P. De Clercq, S. Grenier and P. De Clercq, S. Grenier and
N. C. LepplaN. C. Leppla2007 2007 Montreal, Canada Montreal, Canada S. Grenier and C. S. Glenister S. Grenier and C. S. Glenister20102010 Vienna, AustriaVienna, Austria P. De Clercq and T. A. CoudronP. De Clercq and T. A. Coudron
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Abiotic environment
• Holding Conditions
• Release methods (knockdown, handling)
Biotic environment
• Juvenile hormone (Methoprine, fenoxycarb)
• Nutrients (sucrose, protein)
• Semiochemicals (methyl eugenol, citrus oil)
http://www-naweb.iaea.org/nafa/ipc/index.
Insect Pest Control (IPC)*Model Business Plan for a Sterile Insect Production
Facility
Improving Male Fruit Fly Improving Male Fruit Fly PerformancePerformance
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VI. Total Quality ManagementVI. Total Quality Management
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Total Total Quality Quality ManagemeManagement in Insect nt in Insect RearingRearing
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Leppla’s Insect Rearing Leppla’s Insect Rearing Quality Control ReferencesQuality Control References
•Leppla, N. C. 2008. The basics of quality control Leppla, N. C. 2008. The basics of quality control for insect rearing. for insect rearing. InIn Principles and Principles and
Procedures for Rearing Quality Insects. Procedures for Rearing Quality Insects. Mississippi State University. Mississippi State University.
•Leppla, N. C. 2004. Leppla, N. C. 2004. The Basics of Insect The Basics of Insect Rearing. Rearing. Encyclopedia of Entomology. Encyclopedia of Entomology.
•Leppla, N. C. 2003. Leppla, N. C. 2003. Guidelines for quality Guidelines for quality control control of commercially produced natural of commercially produced natural enemies. enemies. InIn Quality Control and Production Quality Control and Production of Biological of Biological Control Agents, Theory and Control Agents, Theory and Testing Proc. Testing Proc.
•Leppla, N. C. 2002. Leppla, N. C. 2002. Rearing of Insects. Rearing of Insects. Encyclopedia of Insects. Encyclopedia of Insects.
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For more information or a copy of For more information or a copy of this presentation please visit:this presentation please visit:
http://ipm.ifas.ufl.eduhttp://ipm.ifas.ufl.edu
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