The basics of basic education

7/29/2019 The basics of basic education

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1970 1980 1990 2000 20101889

1889: Article IX of theWashington StateConstitution states,It is the paramountduty of the state tomake ample provisionfor the education ofall children residingwithin its borders

Prioritizes enhanced funding oftransportation and operating costs(materials, supplies and operatingcosts or MSOC). Yearly increasedcosts of materials, fuel and utilitieshave contributed heavily to districts'reliance on local levy funding to

balance budgets, school officials say.

Enhancements for reduced classsizes and full-day kindergarten arephased in over six years.

Includes "add ons" not required byeducation reform legislation orMcCleary but determined by thosewho drafted the plan to be impor-tant. These include increasedinstructional hours (Career andCollege Readiness), classified and

administrative salary increases, andfunding to help the state better trackdistricts' accountability and studentevaluation.

Tax revenue proposals include

maintaining some taxes set to expire,eliminating some tax exemptions andadding an excise tax on capital gains.

Proposes transfer of all or part ofschool transportation costs to thestate's transportation budget.

Proposes revisions to property taxformulas, including a "swap" thatwould use state's school levy toreplace a portion of local levy funds.

Taps state's "rainy day fund."

GOP "fund education first" planmoves basic education to a "standalone" budget within the state'sgeneral fund. Under the plan, theLegislature would draft the educationbudget first and separate from otherstate services. Any discussion of cuts

or tax increases would apply to theremainder of the state's budget,hence the GOP claim that McClearycan be fully funded without tax hikes.

Prioritizes full-day kindergarten(with "enhancements" called forunder McCleary funded at 100 percentin 2013-15 biennium) and reduction inclass sizes (50 percent funded in firstbiennium).

State spending on educationincreases $3.5 billion per biennium by2018, McCleary deadline. K-12increases from 44 percent to 51percent of state GF budget*.

No tax hikes proposed for 2013-15biennium (applies to entire statebudget).

Assumes economic recovery securesome time in 2015-17 biennium.

*Under hypotheticalmodeling that assumesall else stays static, factorsin projected case loads andadjusts for projected inflation.

Full-day kindergartenMust be fully funded statewide by 2017-18

K-3 class size reductionMust be fully funded statewide by 2017-18

Maintenance, supplies, operation costsMust be fully funded by 2015-16$ per student basis

Basic transportationMust be fully funded by 2014-15% of formula funded basis

219schools

2010-11

More fundingcan begin




2011-12

More fundingmust begin




2012-13

Continues toramp up

Continues toramp up

Continues toramp up

Continues toramp up

2013-14

Continues toramp up

Continues toramp up

Continues toramp up

Fullyfunded

2014-15

Continues toramp up

Continues toramp up

Funded at newlevel

Fullyfunded

2015-16

Continues toramp up

Continues toramp up

Funded at newlevel

Fullyfunded

2016-17

Fullyfunded

Fullyfunded

Funded at newlevel

Fullyfunded

2017-18

McCleary requires the state to phase in funding increases in fourareas through 2018.

2013-15 2015-17 2017-19Biennium Biennium Biennium

Fully fund revised tranportation formula $141.6 $225.1 $232.8Materials, supplies & operating costs $597.1 1,410.9 1,554.7Reduce K-3 class sizes to 17 pupils/teacher 219.2 662.8 1,150.6Implement full-day kindergarten statewide 89.3 227.4 318.7Implement career & college ready plan 140.4 327.6 473.4Classified & administrative salary allocations 169.8 450.2 681.5Accountability, evaluation & common core 66.5 44.5 42.0TOTAL 1,423.9 3,348.5 4,483.7

1975: The SeattleSchool District suffersa double levy failurein an attempt to raisemoney to pay for itsstate-mandatededucation program.The school districtsues the state forfailing to provideample funding underthe state constitution.

1977: Judge Robert Doran of the ThurstonCounty Superior Court agrees with the SeattleSchool District and declared the state's fundingsystem unconstitutional. The state appeals.

1977: The Legislature enacts the WashingtonBasic Education Act of1977, which outlined thegoal of the school system, the instructionalprogram to achieve the goal, and the fundingformula to implement the program.

1977: The Legislature passes the Levy Lid Actof 1977, capping levy funding at 10 percent ofthe school district's annual budget. Act is amended in2009 to raise the levy lid to 24 percent of a district's levybase, and in 2010 to 28 percent.

1978: The State SupremeCourt upholds JudgeRobert Doran's decision,ruling that funding basiceducation with levy dollarsviolates the state'sconstitution, but thatschools may rely on leviesto fund programs thatserve as an "enrichment"to public education.

1982: A group ofschool districts filea lawsuit followingup on the SeattleSchool District suit,challenging theconstitutionality ofthe Basic EducationAct and fundingprovided to schoolsin the 1981-1983biennium.

1983: Judge Doranagain rules that thestate is not meetingits obligation to fullyfund education andthat it is the statesresponsibility to alsopay for specialeducation, bilingualeducation, remedialassistance andtransportation. Statedoes not appeal thedecision.

1991: Gov. Booth Gardnersigns an executive ordercreating the Governor'sCouncil on EducationReform and Funding. Thecouncil was asked todesign a new system ofeducation that wouldmeet the requirements ofthe state constitution andthe funding to put thesystem into place.

1992: TheLegislaturecreates theCommissionon StudentLearning tocontinue thework of thegovernor'scouncil.

1993: The Legislature passes the EducationReform Act, which created performance-based standards for basic education. The actrequired high school students to pass a testto graduate proving they met new standards.Education advocates say the act failed torestructure state funding system to pay theincreased cost of providing educationnecessary to meet those standards.1993: The Legislature creates a jointlegislative fiscal committee to study schoolfunding and make recommendations for anew funding model. The Basic Education Actis amended to incorporate new learningstandards and education improvementprograms.

1995: The committee submits itsreport, concluding that while ahigh percentage of overallfunding came from the state,there was too much reliance onlevies. No major funding reformsoccurred.

1997:Commissionon StudentLearningdevelops theWASL.

2001: Voters passInitiative 728,providing schooldistricts additionalmoney to reduceclass sizes, andInitiative 732,providing cost-of-living increases toall school districtemployees.

2005: The Legislature commissions acomprehensive study of the entirestate education system, calledWashington Learns, and specifies thata central piece would be a compre-hensive K-12 finance study. The studyconcludes that the 30-year-oldformula set out in the Basic EducationAct needed to be updated. The reportalso said that significantly increasedfunding was required to support theneeds of the education system.

2007: In response to Washington Learns, theLegislature implemented funding for voluntary all-daykindergarten, beginning with schools with the highestlevel of poverty.

2007: The Legislature commissions the BasicEducation Task Force to pick up where WashingtonLearns left off. Task force report recommendsdefining "basic education" as the opportunity for allstudents to meet more rigorous high school gradua-tion requirements.

2007: The Network for Excellence in WashingtonSchools and two families file a lawsuit alleging thatthe state is violating the state constitution by failingto adequately fund education.

2009: KingCountySuperiorCourt JudgeJohn P.Erlick hearsthe case,McCleary v.State ofWashington.

2010: Erlickfinds in favorof theplaintiffs,saying thestate is out ofcompliancewith itsconstitutionalduty. The statefiles notice ofappeal.

Jan. 5, 2012: The stateSupreme Court upholds thetrial court's decision, saying"the state's reliance on localdollars to support the basiceducation program fails toprovide the 'ample funding'"the state constitutionrequires. The court in itsruling commits to monitor-ing the Legislaturesprogress in providing amplefunding by 2018.

State funding to school district*

Actual school district cost*

Bainbridge Island(Enrollment: 3,657)

Bremerton(Enrollment: 4,828)

Central Kitsap(Enrollment: 10,853)

North Kitsap(Enrollment: 6,085)

North Mason(Enrollment: 2,017)

South Kitsap(Enrollment: 9,328)

$37.2 $22.7

32%

27%

22%

27%

21%

20%

$53.9 $32.8

$111.9 $73.2

$60.2 $38.2

$20.2 $14

$93.3 $60.2

Figures in millions

Percentage oflocal funding

tate lawmakers will undertake the task t his session of

complying with the state Supreme Court's order in

McCleary v. State of Washington to provide ample fund-

ing for basic education. For a full understanding of the

history of school funding leading up to the decision in

McClearly, follow the timeline above. Below, see the

guidelines for ramping up funding to the four areas

targeted for enhanced funding and proposals by Demo-

crats and Republicans for meeting those targets. To the

right, you will find the costs associated with running

each school district and the amount the state contrib-

utes. You can see the average amount households in

each school districts pay for local levies and the percent of

the median income. Finally, on the right, see the breakdown

of funding that comes per pupil in each of the local districts.

REFORM TIMELINE

EXPENSES

CURRENT LEVIES

HISTORY

DEMOCRATIC PROPOSAL REPUBLICAN PROPOSAL

LOCAL STATEF ED ER AL O TH ER

TOTALREVENUE

Bainbridge IslandSchool District

62.9% 3.6%

.8%

32.7%

BremertonSchool District

63.7% 12.4%

.3%

23.6%

Central KitsapSchool District

65.5% 12.3%

1.2%

21.1%

North KitsapSchool District

63% 9.9%

.1%

27.1%

North MasonSchool District

70.2% 7.8%

.7%

21.3%

South KitsapSchool District

66.6% 10.1%

23.3%

2012-13

DEMOCRATS

SPENDING

PLAN

Dollars in millions

Special M&O LevyFour years$8,705,221$1.68

2014Maintenance and operations

Capital Bond20 years$7,100,000$1.372029Replace Wilkes Elementary,roofing and other repairs atother schools.

Technology LevyFour years$1,525,000$0.292014Computer and technologyreplacements.

Duration:Total amount 2013:Rate:

Final year:Purpose:

Duration:Total amount 2013:Rate:Final year:Purpose:

Duration:Total amount 2013:Rate:Final year:Purpose:

M&O LevyFour years$14,326,167$2.51

2014Maintenance and operations.

Capital Improvement Bond20$8,533,000$1.492022Renovations at three elementary schools,Poulslbo Jr. High, North Kitsap High, thepool and a new high school in Kingston.

Special Supplemental M&O LevyTwo years$22,342,836$3.71


Capital Facilities Project LevyFive years$11,278,500$1.872016School repairs, Silverdale Elemen-tary remodel and Jackson ParkElementary replacement.



Capital Projects LevyFour years$889,382$0.442013Replace boilers and fix leakywalls throughout districtschools.

Special M&O LevyFour years$10,789,179$3.60


Capital project Bond*20 years$3,850,000$1.292026Construction bond for major workat Mountain View Middle Schooland Bremerton High.

Facilities Capital Projects LevyFour years1,900,000$0.632016New kitchen, school expansion,roof repair.*(2005, May 17)

The basics of

BAINBRIDGE ISLANDSCHOOL DISTRICT

BREMERTONSCHOOL DISTRICT

NORTH KITSAPSCHOOL DISTRICT

CENTRAL KITSAPSCHOOL DISTRICT

NORTH MASONSCHOOL DISTRICT

SOUTH KITSAPSCHOOL DISTRICT


2013Maintenance andoperations.

BainbridgeIsland

$1,844.95(1.92%)

Bremerton

$772.07(1.78%)

CentralKitsap

$968.34(1.53%)

NorthKitsap

$1,230.73(1.84%)

NorthMason

$774.58(1.44%)

SouthKitsap

$662.47(1.08%)

COST PERHOUSEHOLD

Average education local levy burden per household for each school district.(Percentage of median household income/local levies).

Finance per pupil generalfund revenue and percentof total general fundrevenue by source.

2001-03Biennium

State K-12Expenditures:$10,242,272,000

State TotalGeneral FundExpenditures:

$24,482,077,000

2011-13Biennium

State K-12Expenditures:$13,647,198,000

State TotalGeneral FundExpenditures:

$31,024,211,000

Sources: Joint Task Force on Education Funding Final Report; State Rep. Gary Alexander; Bremerton School District; Kitsap County Assessors Office; Kitsap, Mason school districts; U.S.Census, Kitsap County Assessors Office; Office of the Superintendent of Public Instruction; McCleary v. State of Washington

S

McCLEARY REFORMS SPANNING THE DEMOCRATIC AND REPUBLICAN PLANS

Doran

Gardner Gregiore

2013-2015 2015-2017 2017-2019

Full day kindergarten $349 million $349 million $349 million

Decreased class sizes $575 million $1.15 billion $1.15 billion

Materials, supplies, operating costs $777 million $1.56 billion

Transportation $232 million

Increased instructional hours $211 million

Total: $211 million $2.28 billion $3.50 billion

REPUBLICANS

SPENDING

PLAN

Note: Amounts may vary depending on the phase-in of the components

*General fund

The basics of basic education

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