The Arabian Peninsula Mostly desert Few oases of fertile land for agriculture Crossroads of three...
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Transcript of The Arabian Peninsula Mostly desert Few oases of fertile land for agriculture Crossroads of three...
The Arabian PeninsulaThe Arabian PeninsulaMostly desertFew oases of fertile land for agricultureCrossroads of three continents: Africa, Europe, Asia
Early InhabitantsEarly InhabitantsBedouins Arab nomadsTribes & groups called clans
Provided security & supportIdeals of courage & loyalty to family
600s – Arabs settled near oases or markets
MeccaMeccaImportant trade cityKa’aba ancient shrine (Black Rock)
Brought religious pilgrims for worshipAssociated w/AbrahamContained over 360 idols, worship of many gods
Origins of IslamOrigins of IslamMuhammad – Meccan businessmanReceived revelation from angel Gabriel outside the Cave of Hira in 610Proclaim! In the name of they Lord and Cherisher, who created man out of a mere) clot of congealed blood. Proclaim! And thy Lord is most bountiful. He who taught (the use of) the pen taught man that which he knew not.
He was one of the prophets
Religion of IslamReligion of IslamArabic term for God = AllahIslam = “submission to the will of Allah”Muslim = “one who has submitted”
ABRAHAMABRAHAM SARAHSARAHHAGARHAGAR
IsaacIsaac
EsauEsauJacobJacob
12 Tribes of Israel
12 Tribes of Israel
Ishmael
Ishmael
12 Arabian Tribes
12 Arabian Tribes
Abraham’s GenealogyAbraham’s Genealogy
The HijrahThe Hijrah622 - migrated from Mecca to Yathrib – known as the HijrahYathrib was renamed MedinaIt is from this year that the Muslim calendar begins (1 A.H.)Attracted many followers in Medina
Return to Mecca (630 AD)Return to Mecca (630 AD)Muhammad became military leader – conquered Mecca Umma = Muslim religious communityMuhammad died at age 62 w/no plans for his succession
The golden gate outside Muhammad’s tomb
Swords belonging to Prophet Muhammad
The Five Pillars
The Five PillarsThe WorldThe Worldof Islamof Islam
The WorldThe Worldof Islamof Islam
11 22 33 44 55
The Five Pillars of The Five Pillars of IslamIslam 1) Shahada – “there is no
God but Allah and Muhammad is the messenger of Allah”
2) Salat – Pray 5x’s a day facing Mecca
3) Zakat – almsgiving to the poor & sick
4) Sawm – fasting during Ramadan
Festival of Eid-Al-Fitr – celebration at end of Ramadan
The Qur’anThe Qur’an Muslims believe it contains the
word of God.
114 suras (chapters)
In the name of Allah, In the name of Allah, the compassionate, the compassionate, the merciful. the merciful.
Written in Arabic.
An Afghan artist and his students display an oversized page from the Koran at the Naser Khusro Balkhi Library during an opening ceremony in Kabul, Afghanistan, on Jan. 12, 2012. The Naser Khusro Balkhi Library was founded by The Aga Khan Foundation in Kabul.(MSNBC) Shah Marai / AFP - Getty Images
Islamic Way of LifeIslamic Way of LifeNo priests – only authority is AllahPurpose of serving the communityNo pork, alcoholUlama – scholar class
ImamsSunna – Muhammad’s example as model for proper livingShari’a = Islamic body of law
The Spread of IslamThe Spread of Islam Easy to learn and practice
No priesthood
Teaches equality
Non-Muslims, who were “Peoples of the Book,” were allowed religious freedom, but paid additional taxes
Easily “portable” nomads & trade routes
Jihad (“Holy War”) against pagans and other non-believers (“infidels”)
Countries with the Largest Muslim
Population
Countries with the Largest Muslim
Population1. Indonesia 183,000,00
06. Iran 62,000,000
2. Pakistan 134,000,000
7. Egypt 59,000,000
3. India 121,000,000
8. Nigeria 53,000,000
4. Bangladesh
114,000,000
9. Algeria 31,000,000
5. Turkey 66,000,000 10. Morocco 29,000,000* Arabs make up only 20% of the total Muslim population of the
world.