The Appendicular Skeleton - Cuyamaca College · PDF fileThe Appendicular SkeletonThe...

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The Appendicular Skeleton

Transcript of The Appendicular Skeleton - Cuyamaca College · PDF fileThe Appendicular SkeletonThe...

Page 1: The Appendicular Skeleton - Cuyamaca College · PDF fileThe Appendicular SkeletonThe AppendicularSkeleton ... Ligaments of the appendicular skeleton • Chapter 8. ... The Appendicular

The Appendicular SkeletonThe Appendicular Skeleton

Page 2: The Appendicular Skeleton - Cuyamaca College · PDF fileThe Appendicular SkeletonThe AppendicularSkeleton ... Ligaments of the appendicular skeleton • Chapter 8. ... The Appendicular

• Includes bones of the:– Limbs– Girdles, attach the limbs to the axial skeleton– Ligaments

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Fig

7.1

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The pectoral girdle & upper limbs

• Bones of the pectoral girdle include:– Scapula & the Clavicle

• The sternoclavicular joint is the only direct connection to axial skeleton

• Muscles and tendons loosely hold the pectoral girdle in place

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Glenohumeral joint

• The loose glenohumeral (scapula / humerus) joint has a wide range of flexibility but less stability

• The glenohumeral joint is a commonly dislocated joint

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Fig

7.2

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The pelvic girdle & lower limbs

• Bones of the pelvic girdle include:– Two coxal bones

• Each coxal bone is made of three bones– Ilium, ischium, & pubis

• The symphysis pubis joins the coxal bones on the anterior side

• Pelvis = 2 coxal bones, sacrum, coccyx, symphysis pubis

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• The sacroiliac joint connects the sacrum to the coxal bones on the posterior side (strongest joint in the body)

Fig

7.11

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The female pelvis has:

Wider pelvic inlet & pelvic outlet

Less anterior curve to the sacrum & coccyx

Broad low pubis

Ilia that project farther laterally

Broader pubic arch

Fig

7.13

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Fig

7.12

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Knee injury• Occurs when foot is planted flat on ground• Blow on lateral side of the knee hinge joint

causes medial side of joint to widen tearing ligaments

• Terrible triad:• Medial collateral lig.• Medial meniscus• Ant. Cruciate lig.

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• Ligaments of the knee are mostly avascular ergo slow to heal from injury

• Surgery is need in most cases

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Ankle injury-Inversion-eversion injury

• Inversion injury-• Forces plantar surface medially• Talus is shoved into the medial malleolus

of tibia• Talaus & calcaneus are forced away from

the lateral malleolus of fibula

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• Torn or stretched-• Cancaneofibular ligament &/or • anterior. & posterior Talofibular ligament

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• Eversion injury-• Forces plantar surface laterally• Talus is shoved into the lateral malleolus

of fibula (fracture to lateral malleolus)• Talaus & calcaneus are forced away from

the medial malleolus of tibia

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• Talus may be driven between fibula & tibia forcing bones apart & tearing interosseusmembrane

• Torn or stretched-deltiod ligament

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Fig

7.9

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Scapula

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Clavicle

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The surgical neck is a common site of fracture on the humerus

Humerus

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Ulna

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Radius

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Metacarpals numbered 1 – 5, lateral to medial

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Phalanges numbered 1 – 5, lateral to medial

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ilium

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ischium

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pubisbody

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femur

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tibia

Anterior

crest

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fibula

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patella

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The talus articulates with the tibia

tarsals

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Metatarsalsnumbered 1 – 5,

medial to lateral

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phalangesnumbered 1 – 5,

medial to lateral

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Ligaments of the appendicularskeleton

• Chapter 8

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Pectoral girdle

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Rotator cuff tendons

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Deepens the sock for the head of the humerus

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Elbow joint

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Hip joint

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Ligamentumcapitisfemoris

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Knee joint

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Ankle joint

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Foot