The American NationThe American Nation

Chapter 3- Section 2Spain Builds an Empire8th Grade Social Studies

Honors

Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

Day 1Day 1

Setting the scene

What is the difference between a Conqueror and an Explorer???

What is the difference between a Conqueror and an Explorer???

Conqueror/ Conquistador Explorer

Examples: Examples:

Previewing the Section – Spain Builds an Empire

Previewing the Section – Spain Builds an Empire

• On the back of the vocabulary worksheet, write down 1 teacher-type questions (essential).

• Switch with a partner and have your partner share with the class.

• Share questions and answers with the class.

• What do you think you must know for the test????

Chapter 3, Section 2

Spain Builds an EmpireSpain Builds an Empire

Goals to learn:- How did conquistadors defeat two Indian

empires?- What areas did the Spanish explore?- How did Spain settle and organize its

colonies?- What was life like for Native Americans

under Spanish rule?

Reading the Chapter 3 – Section 2Reading the Chapter 3 – Section 2

• Read Chapter 3 – Section 2 (pp.74-80)• Complete the vocabulary worksheet• Identify important people on the VIP

worksheet.• Finish for homework

Day 2Day 2

Goal: To describe how conquistadors defeated two Indian empire.

Check vocabulary worksheetCheck vocabulary worksheet

• In teams you will put the puzzle together using your vocabulary worksheet. Hand me your envelope when you are finished.

• Prizes for teams:• 1st place – 3 history bucks• 2nd place – 2 history bucks• 3rd place – 1 history buck

• Check the correct answers.

Activating Prior Knowledge – BrainstormActivating Prior Knowledge – Brainstorm

What do you know about the way of life for the Aztecs and Incas?

Aztecs Incas

How did conquistadors defeat two Indian empires?

How did conquistadors defeat two Indian empires?

Hernando Cortes

Francisco Pizarro

Montezuma II

Chapter 3, Section 2

I.Spanish Conquistadors Defeated the Aztecs and Incas CHECK THE VIP SHEET

I.Spanish Conquistadors Defeated the Aztecs and Incas CHECK THE VIP SHEET

A. Agreement between Spain and conquistadors (conquerors) – fund the establish of a settlement in return for 1/5 of gold/treasure captured

B. 1519 - Hernando Cortes conquers Montezuma and the Aztecs

C. 1532 - Francisco Pizarro conquered Atahualpa and the Incas.

Hernando Cortes was a Spanish conquistador who landed in Mexico in 1519.

Hernando Cortes and the Aztecs

The Aztec emperor was named Moctezuma. (commonly referred to as Montezuma)

The Aztecs thought that he was a God and sent him gifts.

Cortes led the Spaniards and their Native American allies to the Aztec capital, Tenochtitlan.

Outnumbered, hundreds of Spaniards were killed in 1519.

In 1521, Cortes defeated the Aztecs, and Tenochtitlan was renamed Mexico City, which today is the capital

of Mexico.

Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan

Mexican capital of Mexico City

How did Cortes defeat the Aztecs?

• The Spaniards had superior technology, such as guns and cannons. The Spanish also used horses.

Aztec drawing representing patients affected by smallpox at different stages.

Smallpox killed hundreds of Aztecs.

The Aztecs wrongfully believed that Cortes was a God.

The final conquest of Tenochtitlan by Cortes and his allies.

The Spaniards had Native American allies on their side.

Cortes and the Fall of the Aztecs (7:56)***Cortes and the Fall of the Aztecs (7:56)***

Francisco Pizarro and the Incas

• Francisco Pizarro was the Spanish conquistador that attacked the Incan Empire in 1532.

• Pizarro attempted, unsuccessfully, to get the Incan ruler, Atahualpa, to convert to Christianity.

After his capture, Atahualpa offered the Spanish a room filled with gold up to where his arm reached, and two more with silver in exchange for his release.

• After his capture, Atahualpa gave gold and silver to the Spanish in return for his freedom.

Atahualpa was declared a heretic for refusing to recognize Christ's faith and for proclaiming himself Son of the Sun. Atahualpa was sentenced to be burned at the stake, against the wishes of Pizarro.

• Atahualpa was killed after the Spanish received their riches.

• Pizarro then founded the city of Lima, which today is the capital of Peru.

Statue of Francisco Pizarro, Plaza de Armas, Lima, Peru

Coffin of Francisco Pizarro, the Tomb of the Conquistador, the Cathedral, Plaza Mayor, Lima, Peru

Pizarro and the fall of the Incas (6:40)***Pizarro and the fall of the Incas (6:40)***

II. Reasons for Spanish VictoriesII. Reasons for Spanish Victories

A. Spanish conquistadors had better military equipment.

B. Soldiers on horseback scared the Native Americans

C. Native American fighters held back. 1. Aztecs thought Spaniards might be gods. 2. Incas were just getting over a war.D. Many Indians died from disease (small pox,

measles and influenza.)

Day 2 - ClosureDay 2 - Closure

• Exit Ticket/Homework: Pretend you are a journalist reporting on the Spanish conquest reporting why the Conquistadors were able to defeat the Aztecs and Incas.

• Your task is to write a 2 paragraph summary of reporting on the Spanish conquest of Cortes and Pizzaro. A paragraph should be devoted to each of the explorers.

• Focus on 5 Ws.• Should explain why Conquistadors were

able to defeat the Aztecs and Incas. • This is worth 10 points and will be collected

tomorrow.

Day 3Day 3

Goal: Name the areas the Spanish explored.

Day 3 – Opening – Reviewing Spanish Conquistadors

Day 3 – Opening – Reviewing Spanish Conquistadors

• Using your notes from yesterday and Chapter 3 – Section 2, answer questions #1 and #2 on Guided Reading and Review questions.

• Discuss the answers to the questions. Where did you find this information?

What areas did the Spanish explore?What areas did the Spanish explore?

III. Exploring the Spanish BorderlinesCHECK VIP SHEET

III. Exploring the Spanish BorderlinesCHECK VIP SHEET

A. Spanish borderlines = present-day Florida to California

B. Juan Ponce de Leon (1513) – searched for fountain of youth in Florida

C. Hernando De Soto (1539-1542) – explored Florida and Southeast U.S.; explored Mississippi River

D. Francisco Coronado (1540) – searching for the “seven cities of gold” in southwest U.S.

Ponce De Leon (2:50)***Ponce De Leon (2:50)***

Cabeza Da Vaca, and Coronado (3:13)***Cabeza Da Vaca, and Coronado (3:13)***

Hernando De Soto (2:14)***Hernando De Soto (2:14)***

Mapping Spanish ExplorationMapping Spanish Exploration

• Use maps in Chapter 3 – Section 1 and 2, especially the one on page 76 to complete the map activity.

• Finish it for homework.

Day 4 Day 4

Goals: 1. Explain how Spain settled its colonies.

2. Summarize what life was like for Native

Americans under Spanish rule.

Day 4 – OpeningDay 4 – Opening

• Check Spanish Explorers Map with partners.

• Answer #5, 6, and 7 questions on Guided Reading and Review.

• Class Discussion of answers

How did Spain settle and organize its colonies?

How did Spain settle and organize its colonies?

The Spanish Explored Vast Areas of North and South America.The Spanish Explored Vast Areas of North and South America.

Chapter 3, Section 2

Label Viceroyalties on Spanish Explorer map

IV. How Spain Organized Its ColoniesAnswer #5 and 6 from Guided Reading Questions

IV. How Spain Organized Its ColoniesAnswer #5 and 6 from Guided Reading Questions

A. 1535 – Viceroys were put in charge of ruling a region in New Spain or Peru = Spanish settlement in the new worldB. Spain’s Laws of the Indies set up three kinds of settlements:1. Pueblos — towns, centers of farming and trade2. Presidios—forts where soldiers lived3. Missions—religious settlements run by priests and

friars (El Paso, Texas [1659])C. Blend of Spanish and Indian cultures

Chapter 3, Section 2

V. Four Strict Social ClassesV. Four Strict Social ClassesChapter 3, Section 2

Peninsulares – born in Spain; held highest jobs in government and Church

Creoles – born in Americas to Spanish parents; wealthy, educated, could not hold jobs of peninsulares.

Mestizos – people with mixed Spanish and Indian background; laborers

Indians – lowest class treated as conquered people; poverty

What was life like for Native Americans under Spanish rule?

What was life like for Native Americans under Spanish rule?

VI. Native Americans Led a Harsh Life – Answer # 7 from guided reading questions.

VI. Native Americans Led a Harsh Life – Answer # 7 from guided reading questions.

A. Spanish settlers with encomiendas, a kind of land grant, could demand labor or taxes from Indians.

B. The Spanish forced many Indians to work in gold and silver mines.

C. Many Indian laborers died working on plantations, or large estates that were farmed by many workers. (Bartolome de Las Casas’ protests)

D. The Spanish replaced Indian laborers with enslaved Africans.

Chapter 3, Section 2

The Atlantic Slave TradeThe Atlantic Slave Trade

Tying it all togetherTying it all together

Work with a partner to create a concept web on the Spanish Empire.

Share discussion with the class.

Exploration and Colonization (2:35)***Exploration and Colonization (2:35)***

Activity - What was life like in New Spain???Activity - What was life like in New Spain???

• In groups, you will need to write a story explaining life in New Spain. Remember to include the content from the textbook.

• One person will start the story and then pass it to another person and they will write a sentence and so on.

• We will share the stories. • This is worth 10 points (5 points for the

story and 5 points for teamwork and effective use of class time).

Day 4 - ClosureDay 4 - Closure

Exit Ticket: Write the letter and the name on an index card.

Which country was the first to conquer, explore, and colonize The New World?

A. England B. Spain C. France D. ChinaHomework: Review on Chapter 3 – Section 2

guided to essential.

Section 2 ReviewSection 2 Review

What was one problem Native Americans did not have under Spain’s rule?a) povertyb) diseasec) shortage of workd) harsh treatment

What three kinds of settlements did the Laws of the Indies call for?a) peninsulares, creoles, and mestizosb) pueblos, presidios, and missionsc) encomiendas, estates, and plantationsd) viceroyalty of New Spain, viceroyalty of Peru, viceroyalty of the West Indies

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Chapter 3, Section 2

Section 2 ReviewSection 2 Review

What was one problem Native Americans did not have under Spain’s rule?a) povertyb) diseasec) shortage of workd) harsh treatment

What three kinds of settlements did the Laws of the Indies call for?a) peninsulares, creoles, and mestizosb) pueblos, presidios, and missionsc) encomiendas, estates, and plantationsd) viceroyalty of New Spain, viceroyalty of Peru, viceroyalty of the West Indies

Want to connect to the American Nation link for this section? Click here.

Chapter 3, Section 2