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Europe Goes to

War_________

Japan Builds an

Empire

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Warm-up

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Warm-up

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Warm-upWhat terms are missing?

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Section 1 Review

• Munich Conference (1938)• Hitler promised that the

Sudetenland was all that he wanted–6 months later: occupied western

Czech.

–1 month later: Italy invaded Albania

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Invasion of Poland• After invasion of Czech. France &

G.B. abandoned policy of appeasement and prepared for war

• Warned Hitler if he went any further it would lead to war

• France & G.B. pledged support to appeasement

• Hitler didn’t believe them

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Invasion of Poland• 1914 – Germany wasn’t ready to fight a

war on two fronts

• Soviet Union & Germany had always been enemies but, they recognized that they could benefit from combining their forces

• Signed a 10-Year Non-aggression Pact–Stalin didn’t believe that Hitler would pursue

conquering Soviet Union

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Non-Aggression

Pact

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Invasion of Poland• Secret document divided Eastern

Europe up into Soviet Union territories and German territories• September 1: Hitler invaded

Poland• September 3: France & G.B.

declared war on Germany

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Invasion of Poland• France/G.B./Poland: more soldiers &

infantry division• Germany: had superior firepower

(panzer divisions, machine guns, etc.)–Blitzkrieg: Lightning war – concentrated

air and land attack that took enemy by surprise– Imposed German law and imprisoned

and murdered Jews–Fr. & G.B. watched unable to help Poland

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War in the West• American press dubbed it the “phony war”• Maginot Line–Along France’s border w/Germany–Provided housing for troops, rec. areas, etc.–Thick walls and heavy artillery stood ready to

fight an invasion• Problems: border faced Germany – Germany could

go through Belgium; Heavy guns pointed east and couldn’t be moved

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German Attacks

• April 9,1940: attacked Denmark & Norway

• May 10,1940: attacked Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg–G.B. & Fr. rushed to Belgium – too

late

–Have to retreat to Dunkirk braving German Luftwaffe (air force)

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Fall of France• June 10,1940: Fr. gov’t. abandoned Paris• June 10,1940: Italy declared war on Fr. &

G.B.• June 14,1940: Germany invaded Paris• June 22,1940: Fr. officially surrendered–Free France: Gov’t. in exile in London; led by

Charles de Gaulle

–Vichy France: German controlled French gov’t.

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Battle of Britain

• To neutralize the British navy, Hitler used his Luftwaffe to destroy Britain’s air defense• August – September,1940: 1,000

planes rained bombs on Britain–Attacked everything air bases, cities,

etc.–RAF – Royal Air Force

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Japan Build an Empire• Japan forced out of isolationism b/c of

westernization

• WWI Japan joined allies – conquered German possessions and gained markets

• Created 2-party system

• Helped found the League of Nations

• Signed Kellogg-Briand Pact – condemned war and pledged to handle disagreements peacefully

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Democracy in Crisis• 1920’s recession – depended on

foreign markets• High tariffs on Japanese products

resulted in industrial decline, massive layoffs, strikes, and widespread political unrest• Blamed multi-party system and rich

business owners

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Rise of Nationalism

• Military unrest b/c gov’t. accepted limits on the size of the military

• Radical Nationalists demanded a return to traditional ways–End to powerful businesses and

Western-style institutions

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Manchurian Incident• Japan lacked raw materials• Manchuria had huge raw material

source (coal & ore)• September,1931: Japanese occupied

Manchuria• Manchurian Incident: Manchurian gov’t.

failed to respond–Puppet State: independent state under

control by a powerful neighbor

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ManchurianIncident

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Manchurian Incident

• U.S. and G.B. protested but, took no action to stop Japan

• Violated Kellogg-Briand Pact and United Nations

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War Against China

• Occupied Beijing and Tianjin; threatened Northern China

• Chinese Nationalist army, led by Jiang Jieshi, resisted invasion

• Japan’s advantage: superior weapons and warplanes

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Rape of Nanjing• Japanese soldiers brutalized

or killed at least 100,000 people• President Roosevelt spoke out

against international aggression• Soviet Union aided China w/arms, warplanes and military