1 — RATP GROUP

The ambitious RATP plan for a 100% ecologically-friendly fleet

RATP GROUP — 3

RATP committed in 2014 to a major technological and ecological transformation with the aim of converting most of its bus depots to electricity by 2025. This is the 2025 Bus Plan.

The ambitious plan implements the aim of transport authority Ile-de-France Mobilités (IDFM) to remove die-sel-powered buses from the Paris region network.

RATP, a committed party in sustainable cities, ultima-tely aims at a 100% ecologically-friendly fleet by 2025 in the Paris region, featuring fully electrically-powered buses and buses powered by renewable gas and hybrid energy sources in line with the targets of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 20% listed in the Île-de-France Urban Transport Plan.

With this plan RATP will radically transform its industrial facilities by converting two-thirds of its bus depots to electrically-powered buses and one-third to biogas in line with the renewal of its fleet of buses. The revolution has already begun. At the request of IDFM, RATP issued a huge tender for several hun-dred vehicles. Furthermore, Line 341 is already fully equipped in electric buses, while lines 115 and 126 are partially fitted out in order to test new recharging technologies.

There will be a vast industrial program involving a total of twenty-five RATP bus depots to be adapted and modernised for electric or bioNVG buses.

The bold challenge faced by RATP makes the group a pioneer and mobilises all the group’s skills. RATP is steering every aspect of the conversion: engineering, maintenance and operations. A world-first for a trans-port operator and a fleet of this size.

The energy transition is being carried out in three phases:

PHASE 1Starting in 2014, all new bids concern clean buses (hybrid, electric and NVG).

PHASE 2 (2015-2017)At the same time, tests and experiments on all electric bus and recharging systems available; preparation for the program to adapt bus depots.

PHASE 3 (starting in 2018)Bid issued for a huge roll-out of electric and biogas buses. All bus centres to be converted to electricity will be adapted to use this technology. The RATP objective is to have a fleet 100% ecologically-friendly by 2025 with electric, hybrid and renewable gas buses, ultima-tely, two-thirds electric, one-third renewable gas.

RATP also ensures visibility for the sector’s industrial groups in this plan. The renewal of a fleet of 4,700 buses offers a fine outlook for the sector and should make it possible for it to commit to investing in research and development and in its industrial tools.The 2025 Bus Plan will make it possible to reduce the RATP carbon balance by 50%.

Bus2025 : l’ambitieux Plan de la RATP pour un parc 100% propre

La RATP s’est engagée, dès 2014, dans une évolution technologique et écologique majeure avec l’objectif de convertir majoritairement ses centres bus à l’électrique à l’horizon 2025 : c’est le plan Bus2025. Ce plan ambitieux répond à la volonté d’Ile-de-France Mobilités (IDFM) de supprimer les bus diesel du réseau francilien. La RATP, acteur engagé de la ville durable, veut disposer à terme d’un parc 100% propre d’ici 2025 en Île-de-France comprenant des bus tout électrique, des bus à gaz renouvelable et des bus hybrides, en cohérence avec les objectifs de réduction de 20% des émissions de gaz à effets de serre inscrits dans le Plan de Déplacement Urbain d’Île-de-France. Avec ce plan, la RATP va transformer en profondeur son outil industriel en convertissant 2/3 de ses centres bus à l’électrique et 1/3 au biogaz afin d’accompagner le renouvellement de sa flotte de bus. Une révolution qui a déjà commencé puisque la RATP a lancé, à la demande d’IDFM, le 1er appel d’offre massif de bus électrique qui porte sur plusieurs centaines de véhicules. De plus, la lige 341 est déjà équipée intégralement en bus électrique, tandis que les lignes 115 et 126 le sont partiellement afin de tester de nouvelles technologies de rechargement. Au total, les 25 centres bus RATP vont être adaptés et modernisés afin d’être équipés de bus électriques ou bioGNV, un chantier industriel colossal.

Ce défi audacieux fait de la RATP un précurseur et mobilise toutes les compétences de l’entreprise. En effet, la RATP pilote cette conversion dans tous ses aspects : ingénierie, maintenance et exploitation. Une première mondiale pour un opérateur de transport et une flotte de cette taille. Cette transition énergétique se fait en 3 phases : - 1ère phase : depuis 2014, tous les nouveaux appels d’offres concernent des bus propres (hybrides, électriques et GNV). - 2ème phase (2015-2017) : en parallèle, tests et expérimentations de toutes les technologies de bus électriques et systèmes de recharge existants ; préparation du programme d’adaptation des centres bus. - 3ème phase (à partir de 2018) : lancement d’appels d’offres pour un déploiement massif de bus électriques et biogaz. L’ensemble des centres bus qui passent à l’électrique vont être adaptés pour accueillir cette technologie.

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RATP conducted a vast program of experiments in electric buses as part of its 2025 Bus Plan with real life operating conditions over two years (2015-2017).The aim of these experiments was to prepare for the bids to acquire large quantities of buses starting in 2018 with roll-out starting in 2020.

A 100% ELECTRIC LINE

➜ Working in tandem with Ile-de-France Mobilités, RATP launched a bidding process in early 2014 to experiment with standard 100% electric buses. The Bolloré Group subsidiary BLUEBUS won the bid on 22 December 2014 to provide vehicles and associated charging systems in contract worth ten to forty million euros.

Following the bid, RATP has been operating a 100% electric line since 2016 with standard buses under real operating conditions.

Line 341 in the Beillard bus depot in Paris received its first 100% electric standard bus in May 2016. Since

the start of 2017, 22 other standard electric buses made by BLUEBUS, a subsidiary of the Bolloré Group, have entered service on Line 341.

Buses are recharged at night at the Beillard bus depot in the 18th arrondissement, which avoids “draining” the electric grid at peak hours. They have a range of over 180 km, which means that they can run without having to be recharged during the day shift. As with current standard buses, the electric ones can transport over 90 passengers.

The integration of the first standard 100%-electric buses was a decisive step in the 2025 Bus Plan in that it made it possible for the company to gather as much information as possible in terms of both operation (surveys conducted by IDFM and RATP with drivers, passengers

and locals) and maintenance.RATP, IDFM and the Bolloré Group presented to the public the “leading” standard 100%-electric bus at the COP 21 summit meeting in December 2015). The experiment was selected by the European Union upon a proposal by IDFM to take part in the ZeEUS project (Zero Emission Urban Bus System: a European program to accelerate the introduction of electric buses in cities).

Note:IDFM selected Line 341 because it works out of the Belliard bus depot, which already operates electric minibuses for the Montmartrobus line (along with electric minibuses crossing the 17th and 18th arrondissements) and because adaptation work was faster.

In January 2018 Ile-de-France Mobilités (IDFM) and RATP issued a vast bid to acquire electric buses.

The two-year contract concerns the acquisition of 250 to 1,000 buses for an amount ranging between 100 million and 400 million euros. The contract comprises three batches sized with IDFM approval according to the state of the market, the outlook for technical

improvement, falling prices and industrial groups’ output capacity.RATP and IDFM expect manufacturers to submit standard 12-metre electric buses. The first deliveries of electric bus series from this bid are scheduled for the end of 2020.

After fully equipping Line 341 with electric buses and the current program to equip lines 115 and 126 to test partial recharging in

depots, this bid is intended to launch the wholesale renewal of the RATP bus fleet with 100% of RATP buses to be ecologically-friendly by 2025 (electric, biogas and hybrid vehicles).

RATP is putting into place a plan to adapt its bus depots to be able to recharge new buses and will convert two-thirds of its depots to electricity and one-third to biogas.

2018: FIRST HUGE BID TO ACQUIRE ELECTRIC BUSES

2015/2017: EXPERIMENTS

AND THE ADVENT OF

THE FIRST ELECTRIC

BUSES ON THE NETWORK

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NEW ORDERS FOR 25 BOLLORÉ BLUEBUSES FOR NEW EXPERIMENTS

In November 2016 RATP ordered with IDFM approval 20 additional standard Bluebuses to address its experiment conditions more fully and test new electric bus recharge technologies under real conditions.The buses were deployed on lines 115 and 126. Ten buses are fitted with innovative technology for partial battery recharging using a reverse pantograph (an articulated system using a mast to power the bus via its roof ). Ten other electric buses are recharged using a standardised electric plug.

The new technologies ensure a greater range for electric buses. Partial battery recharging at the line terminus supplements the night recharging process when buses are parked in the depot. The reference model is still bus recharging at night time in the depot.

The aim of the full-scale experiment for both RATP and IDFM is to make the most appropriate vehicle choices for each type of line. This means a thorough grasp of all technologies (recharging in bus depots, at line terminuses, recharging using plugs and pantographs, etc.) with a comprehensive range of possibilities.

In mid-2017, RATP placed an order with IDFM approval for an additional five standard Bluebuses to equip partially Line 72 in the Lagny bus depot by the end of 2019.

Again with IDFM approval, RATP launched a new interim bid in early 2017 to consider the possible acquisition of 100%-electric buses and thereby meet the need to renew its fleet with the roll-out of additional standard electric buses in 2019.

The new contract will also enable RATP and IDFM to experiment with new technologies in temperature control (electric heating which should not use too much electricity), measure the performance of the latest generation of batteries and interoperability between buses and recharging stations. The contract stretches over two years and is worth between ten and forty million euros. It comprises two identical batches; each batch will be awarded to a different bidder.

WIDE RANGE OF ELECTRIC BUS MANUFACTURERS TESTED BY RATP

RATP has tested multiple electric bus and recharging system technologies in addition to the Bluebuses already in operation on Lines 115, 126 and 341.

RATP conducted performance tests from December 2015 to September 2017 under real conditions with electric buses from: Irizar, Solaris and Dietrich Carebus – Yutong, Heuliez, BYD and NTL-Alstom

on its two reference lines (21 and 147) with passengers.Surveys were conducted during the experiment to gather the perception, expectations and needs of passengers regarding the new bus technology.

Passengers and drivers appreciated the driving flexibility and significant reduction in vibration and sound levels.

Note: Line 21 operates out of the Bagneux bus depot. Line 21 is representative of Paris lines running inside the city itself. Service begins at Gare Saint-Lazare and ends at Stade Charléty-Porte de Gentilly.

The 7.8 km-long line has a low commercial speed of approx. 10km/h. It crosses boulevards with very dense traffic, multiple traffic lights and uses bus lanes. Line 21 was also selected by the French environmental agency ADEME as a reference for measuring vehicle pollution emissions (ADEME-RATP cycle).

Line 147 operates out of the Pavillons-sous-Bois bus depot. The line is representative of suburban services and operates exclusively in suburban environments from Eglise de Pantin to Sevran-Ronsard. The 16.1 km-long line has a commercial speed of approx. 16km/h.

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ENERGY TRANSITION IN BUS DEPOTS

À OBJECTIVES OF EXPERIMENTS IN 2015-2017

Thanks to these experiments, RATP has ensured feedback on performance by the traction chain (batteries and motors) and charging systems.

It was also an opportunity for RATP to measure the consequences of the new technology on operations (impact for the driver, passengers, locals, etc.), maintenance (equipment reliability, adaptation of industrial facilities and maintenance, etc.) and on the work required for each site (adapting the power supply for the bus depot, environmental protection regulations, etc.).

These experiments enhanced discussions with manufacturers, identified the real performance of various technologies in both the traction chain and temperature control in which solutions to be tailored to electric buses are under development.

RATP has adopted a forward-looking approach to choosing vehicles based on experiments conducted under real conditions in line with its current process for rolling stock.

For its energy transition and the wholesale renewal of its fleet, RATP will convert two-thirds of its bus depots to electricity and one-third of its depots to NVG by 2025. This will result in major works programs to adapt the group’s industrial facilities.

RATP maintains its buses in 25 industrial facilities across Paris and the inner suburbs, some of which are over a hundred years old.A total of seventeen bus depots will be refurbished and modernised to be 100% electric bus compliant: Lagny, Corentin, Pleyel, Lilas, Belliard, Lebrun, Croix- Nivert, Malakoff, Ivry, Point-du-Jour, Asnières, Charlebourg, Saint-Denis, Neuilly Plaisance Vitry, Saint-Maur and Fontenay.

Eight bus depots will be converted to NVG buses: Créteil, Bussy, Massy, Nanterre, Thiais, Aubervilliers, Pavillons and Flandre. A ninth bus depot will be built at Villiers le Bel.

This is a vast industrial program for the company, as work will be undertaken in up to six depots at the same time.

HYBRID BUSES: THE TRANSITION TO ELECTRIC VEHICLES

RATP and IDFM have acquired hybrid buses until electric buses developed by industrial groups fully meet all the technical and economic conditions imposed on operations in a dense urban environment.

There are currently 800 hybrid buses running on the RATP network. This technical solution can reduce fuel consumption by approx. 20% compared to diesel buses. Hybrid buses also reduce noise pollution and vibrations inside the vehicle. However, the additional purchasing cost is significant (in the region of +50%).

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BUS DEPOT ADAPTATION COVERS FIVE POINTS:

ENERGY SUPPLY: HOW DOES IT WORK

BELLIARD, THE FIRST BUS DEPOT TO HOUSE 100% ELECTRIC VEHICLES

The Belliard depot, which is currently home to the biggest fleet of RATP electric buses, is the first to be fully converted to electric vehicles. The depot boasts extensive expertise developed thanks to the Montmartrobus line service, which has been using electric buses for over fifteen years. In 2017 the Belliard bus depot welcomed 23 standard electric buses for Line 341.

The bus depots at Lagny (Paris 20th) and Jourdan (Paris 14th) will also be fitted for electric buses arriving in 2019 and 2020 respectively. The Lagny and Jourdan depots, which were inaugurated in 2016 and 2017 after modernisation and extension work, epitomise the bold RATP policy to modernise its industrial infrastructure and enhance the value of its associated real estate assets. RATP combines urban development with city centre industry by building a dense, multi-purpose and sustainable city.

1Connection of bus depots to electricity and biogas distribution grids RATP conducted studies with Enedis and GRDF to connect their grids and test feasibility, costs and timeframes. RATP signed a partnership with Enedis to facilitate and optimise the connection of bus depots to the public electricity grid for recharging electric buses currently under deployment on the RATP network

2 Installation of an electricity transformer or compression stationThe electricity or biogas provided by Enedis and GRDF cannot be used directly. It has to be transformed (compress the gas or lower electricity tension) for use on buses.

3 Distribution of energy up to the busAn electricity or gas plug is required at each bus dock to ensure recharging at night. When required, quick charge stations using biogas (which look like diesel fuelling stations) will also be installed.

4 Upgrade bus depots to comply with regulations on listed facilitiesDiscussions are in progress with state authorities, including the environment and energy regional and inter-departmental directorate and the fire brigade to approve proposed measures.

5 Adapt maintenance workshopsAn electric or NVG bus has specific features. For example, its batteries are located primarily on the roof. This specific feature requires workshops to be adapted to ensure effective maintenance.Staff assigned to bus maintenance are trained in new electric and biogas equipment.The constraint of electric bus range and charging times must be factored into the use of the bus fleet. For example, specific eco-driving awareness programs aimed at drivers are deployed for the energy transition.

Electricity

Gaz

At the entrance of the bus depot:Arrival of an electric current of 15,000 or 20,000 V

Power required during charging: 5-10 MW

Surveillance and fire safety equipment tailored to electricity

Cabling to bring current to charging stations

Surveillance and fire security equipment tailored to gas

Central transformer to convert current to 380 V

(in a dedicated, secure area) to charging stations

Charging buses (duration: 5-8 hours at night)

Circuit breakers to avoid any charging incident burning out

the entire facility

At the entrance to the bus depotArrival via a low-pressure gas conduit: 1-6 bars

Flow required during charging: 3,000 Nm3/h for each quick charge supply

Quick chargeGas supplied to a single

charge at the entrance of the bus depot. Each bus fills up in two to four minutes

before returning to storage

Compression station to compress gas to over 200 bars in a dedicated secure area

The term Nm3 or normal m3 is used for the volume equivalent to ambient

pressure for compressed gas. 100 m3 of gas at 3 bars is the same as 300 Nm3

Slow charge Gas supply from charging stations to each parking

space for night-time charging over four hours

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Energy transition and measures to combat climate change are priority issues for RATP.

In 2017, RATP defined a new energy policy with ambitious objectives: a 20% reduction in its energy consumption by 2025 per passenger-kilometre compared to 2015 and a 50% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by the same date.

RATP Group is the first transport operator in the world to be ISO 50001 certified. This certification achievement is a testimony to the company’s commitment to a continuous improvement approach to its energy performance. Certification applies to all the company’s activities: passenger transport (metro, bus, regional express railway, tramways), management of the infrastructure network, engineering, maintenance and management of its real estate assets.

RATP Group is also implementing actions plans in addition to its 2025 Bus Plan to significantly reduce energy consumption by acting on three drivers: rolling stock, infrastructure, buildings and passenger spaces.

➜ Rail rolling stock (metro, RER and tramways)Energy conversion when braking is a major factor in reducing energy consumption by rail rolling stock. RATP is optimising the use braking energy recovery throughout its network in the Paris region. All new trains are now equipped, and the entire fleet will feature this technology by 2032. All new rolling stock acquired systematically includes specifications for energy efficiency and lean consumption. The modernisation of the rolling stock fleet for RER regional train Line A and metro lines 2, 5 and 9 make it possible to reduce energy consumption for traction by 25-35%.

➜ Rail infrastructureThere are innovative initiatives in the design of new metro lines. Two stations under construction on the northern extension of Line 14 will be equipped with geothermal systems included in the wall sections of the metro tunnel. The system will cater to their heating and air renewal requirements and, in one of them, will cover heating for a surface building.

➜ Building and passenger spacesRATP has been fitting all its stations in the Paris region with LEDs since 2016 to reduce energy consumption for lighting by 50%. The network operated by RATP Group in the Paris region is the first in the world of its size to be fully equipped with LEDs. In 2018 RATP will launch a new program with the latest generation of LEDs to reduce energy required for illuminating spaces by a further 50%.

In 2017 RATP renewed its commitment to the energy efficiency charter for service buildings as part of the Sustainable Building Plan. RATP has been a signatory since 2013. Between 2011 and 2017, the Group reduced energy consumption of its service buildings by 22%.

RATP: A GROUP COMMITTED TO

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

With the 2025 Bus Plan, the RATP bus fleet will be 100% ecologically friendly by 2025 in the Paris region and will use electric, renewable gas and hybrid vehicles. Ultimately, two-thirds of the fleet’s buses will be electrical and one-third NVG, which requires significant adaptations to RATP bus depots.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE BIOGAS INDUSTRY

➜ Adapting RATP industrial facilities: the example of the Créteil bus depotRATP must adapt its bus depots to increase the number of buses fuelled by biogas.One hundred and forty standard NVG buses have been powered by biogas since 2016.

In 2019, all buses at the depot (standard and articulated vehicles), i.e., some 240 buses, will be fuelled by biogas. The Créteil bus depot will be the first to be fully converted to NVG.

➜ How biogas gets from the plant to the busWaste is sorted, processed and inserted in a methanisor. It is then mixed and heated. During the fermentation process, bacteria are transformed into biogas.After being deodorised and inspected, biogas can now be injected into the distribution grid for use to produce heat and electricity (combined heat and power), cooking, hot water production and fuel (for example, for buses). It can be used in exactly the same way as natural gas, although its provenance is 100% renewable. This is why local authorities, industry and agriculture are all launched projects to produce and introduce biogas and biomethane.

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SOME FIGURES ABOUT BUS TRANSPORTWATION BY RATP IN THE PARIS REGION

RATP operates 350 bus lines in the Paris region.

The RATP bus fleet has 4,700 vehicles, 78% of which are diesel-powered. 81% of buses comply with Euro 5 or more stringent standards.

With the help of IDFM, RATP has already put into service 800 hybrid buses and 140 bioNGV buses.

RATP fully equipped a bus line with 100% standard electric buses in early 2017 (Line 341)

In 2018, an additional twenty standard electric buses run on lines 115 and 126. Five electric buses will be assigned to Line 72 in the fourth quarter of 2018.

At present, 74 electric buses including 53 standard buses, are operated by RATP.

Since the end of 2015, RATP has tested 6 standard electric buses on its reference lines (21 and 147) from IRIZAR, DIETRICH-YUTONG, SOLARIS, HEULIEZBUS, BYD and NTL-Alstom.

17,000 operatives (drivers, maintenance specialists and engineers) work on the bus network.

1 billion passengers were transported by bus in 2015 (+15% in ten years).